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专题07 Unit 5 Humans and Nature Grammar(关系副词引导的定语从句+构词法)精品导学案(原卷版)
导学案目录
1
| 关系副词引导的定语从句精讲精练
| 2
| 构词法基础知识
| 3
| 好题再练（一）基础题
| 4
| 好题再练（二）中档题
| 5
| 好题再练（三）拔高题
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一、关系副词引导的定语从句
考点清单一、关系副词where
要点精讲：where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语；先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2. We’re just trying to reach a point _________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
3. Remember that there is still one point _______ we must make clear tomorrow.
4. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
5. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
【答案与解析】
考点清单二、关系副词when
要点精讲：when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语；先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. I will never forget the months ________I spent with my cousin in Beijing.
2. People are living in an age ________many jobs are done on computer.
3. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
4. She’ll never forget her stay there ____ she found her son who went missing two years before.
【答案与解析】
考点清单三、关系副词why
要点：why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语；why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. Do you know the reason _______Jim failed to come today?
2. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill.
【答案与解析】
考点清单四、关系副词that
要点：that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。
1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.
2. I don’t like the way _________they adopted to solve the problem.
【答案与解析】
二、构词法
英语构词法主要有三种：
合成——由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。
转化——由一种词性转化为另一种词性。
派生——通过加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。
一、合成法
由两个或更多的词合成一个词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。
合成词之间有的用连字符“”，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1．合成名词。
名词＋名词 headmaster校长
代词＋名词 shegoat雌山羊 shecousin表(堂)姐妹
名词＋动名词 shipbuilding造船(业) speedreading快速阅读
名词＋动词＋er(or) painkiller止痛药
形容词＋名词 highway公路
动词＋副词 gettogether聚会，联欢会
副词＋动词 output产量；upkeep保养，维修
介词(副词)＋名词 upland高地，山地
副词＋名词 upshot结局
分词＋副词 grownup成年人
名词＋介词 lookeron旁观者；passerby路人
动词＋介词 gobetween中间人，媒人
名词＋介词＋名词 soninlaw女婿；sisterinlaw嫂子
2.合成形容词。
形容词＋名词＋ed warmhearted热心肠的 coldblooded冷血的
数词＋名词＋ed threelegged三条腿的
形容词＋名词＋ed middleaged中年的 barefooted赤脚的
形容词＋现在分词 goodlooking好看的 easygoing容易相处的
形容词＋过去分词 newborn新生的；readymade现成的
副词＋现在分词 hardworking勤劳的
名词＋现在分词 Englishspeaking说英语的 peaceloving爱好和平的
副词＋过去分词 newlybuilt新建的 wellknown闻名的
名词＋过去分词 manmade人造的 heartfelt由衷的
形容词＋名词 everyday日常的 highclass高级的
数词＋名词＋形容词 twelveyearold十二岁的 fivemeterlong五米长的
3.合成副词。
介词＋名词 underfoot脚下 beforehand事先
形容词＋名词 anyway无论如何
副词＋名词 upstairs在楼上；downstairs在楼下
副词＋副词 however无论如何，然而，可是
代词＋副词 anywhere任何地方 somehow不知怎么地
形容词＋副词 nowhere没有地方
代词＋名词 someday(今后)有一天 someway以某种方式
副词＋介词 nearby附近
4.合成动词。
副词＋动词 overthrow推翻；overcome克服
名词＋动词 typewrite打字；sleepwalk梦游
形容词＋动词 broadcast广播；whitewash粉刷
二、转化法
一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
动词→名词
walk v．行走→walk n．散步 swim v．游泳→swim n．游泳 build v．建造→build n．体格
表示物体的 book n．书→book v．预订 can n．罐头→can v．把……装成罐头 ship n．船→ship v．用船运输
表示人体部位的 hand n．手→hand v．递交 shoulder n．肩膀→shoulder v．肩负head n．头→head v．朝…方向
表示一类人的 nurse n．护士→nurse v．护理 fool n．傻子→fool v．愚弄
表示自然现象的 rain n．雨→rain v．下雨 snow n．雪→snow v．下雪 wind n．风→wind v．迂回
形容词→动词 dry adj.干的→dry v．使变干 empty adj.空的→empty v．倒出，空出
三、派生法
即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单纯意义相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。
1．前缀构成法。
dis 不，否定 dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的
un 不；做相反动作 unable不能够；unlucky不幸的 undress脱衣服；unload卸货
in、im、ir、il 不，非 inactive不活跃的； impossible不可能的 irregular不规则的
non 不，非 nonexistent不存在的；nonstop不停的
mis 错误的； 坏的 misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运
re 重复，再 rewrite重写；remarry再婚；retell复述
en 使能够 enable使能够；enrich使丰富；encourage鼓励
ex 以前的，前任的 exwife前妻
super在上面；超级 superstar巨星；supermodel超级模特；supermarket超市
under在……之下 underground地下的；underestimate低估
sub在……下；次于，低于 subway地(下)道，地铁；submarine潜水艇
inter相互； 之间 international国际的；interact相互作用
auto自己的，独自的 automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传
over 太，过度，多…… overfull太满的，过多的； overweigh胜过，强过extra额外，以外，特殊
pre预先，在……之前 predict预告；preview预习
2.后缀构词法。
(1)名词后缀。
age 状态，集合 shortage缺少；marriage婚姻
an/ian 人，……家 American美国人；Italian意大利人；musician音乐家
ence/ance 构成抽象名词 evidence证据；importance重要性；significance重要性；dependence依靠
cion/sion/tion/ation 动作；状态 suspicion怀疑；explosion爆炸； repetition重复；organization组织
ee动作的承受者或受影响者 employee受雇者；refugee难民
er/or人或物 cooker炊具；writer作家；operator操作员；actor演员；tractor拖拉机
ess指女性 waitress女服务员；actress女演员；hostess女主人
ism主义，……教 socialism社会主义；capitalism资本主义；communism共产主义；Buddhism佛教
ist主义者；……家 socialist社会主义者；communist共产主义者；scientist科学家；dentist牙医
ment行为，结果，状态，性质 movement运动；achievement成就；government政府；equipment设备；
ship关系，身份 seamanship航海术；friendship友谊；citizenship公民身份
hood身份，性质，时代 adulthood成年；neighbourhood四邻；knighthood骑士身份；childhood童年
ty状态，性质 honesty诚实；difficulty困难；anxiety焦虑
ure结果，行为，状态，实物 pleasure高兴；picture图画；pressure压力
al动作过程，结果 approval同意；arrival到达；到达的人
(2)形容词后缀。
able/ible/ ble tolerable可忍受的； unbelievable不可信的；responsible负责的
al traditional传统的；national国家的；continental大陆的
ed talented有才华的；learned有学识的；interested感兴趣的
en wooden木制的；woolen毛纺的；golden金色的
ful careful细心的；beautiful漂亮的；colorful鲜艳的；helpful有帮助的
ic/ical electric电的；electrical与电有关的；political政治的；electronic电子的
ish selfish自私的；childish孩子气的
ive creative有创造力的；productive有生产能力的；active活跃的
less careless粗心的；priceless无价的；limitless无限的；useless无用的
ly friendly友好的；motherly母亲般的；deadly致命的；weekly每周的
ous/ious courageous有勇气的；mountainous多山的；dangerous危险的；glorious光荣的
ward downward向下的；upward向上的；inward向里的；outward向外的；backward向后的
y rainy多雨的；windy多风的；dusty满是灰尘的；misty有薄雾的，朦胧的
(3)动词后缀。
en使变得……；使成为…… deepen加深；harden使变得坚固；lengthen延长；sharpen使锋利
fy使……化 beautify使美化；classify分类；terrify使害怕；satisfy使满意
ize/ise使……变成…… industrialize使工业化；realize实现
(4)副词后缀。
ly beautifully漂亮地；carefully仔细地，细心地；quickly快速地
wards downwards向下；upwards向上；inwards向里；outwards向外；forwards向前；backwards向后
好题再练（一）基础题
- The factory ___________ we used to work has been closed down.
- The factory in ___________ we used to work has been closed down.
- I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.
- I don’t like the way___________ isn’t scientific.
- It was in the hospital___________ he came across a friend of his.
- It was the hospital___________ he came across a friend of his.
- Do you still remember the days ____________ we studied together?
- Do you still remember the days ___________ we spent together?
9. Is this the museum ___________ you once worked?
10. Is this the museum ______ you once visited?
11. Is this the reason ___________he was absent from school yesterday?
12. Is this the reason ___________he gave for absence from school yesterday?
好题再练（二）中档题
1. We live in an age _________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
2. The days are gone _________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently.
5. I think you've got to the point________ a change is needed, otherwise you'll fail.
6. Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
7. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______the audience can buy an icecream.
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
9. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
10. Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
好题再练（一）拔高题
1. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____________ (achieve).
2. ____________ (similar), when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool, he forgot to return it, too.
3. The high-speed train that connects the two cities is both fast and ____________ (comfort).
4. As they couldn’t play outdoors, they were ____________ (happy), and some even got into fights from time to time.
5. My mother ____________ (courage) me and insisted that I continue my education.
6. While still at primary school, Rowan had already shown ____________ (admire) acting talent.
7. That young man is honest, cooperative and always there when you need his help. In short, he’s ____________ (rely).
8. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a ____________ (slightly) chance of rain later tonight.
9. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and_____________(taste).
10. I can’t find my keys anywhere — they’ve completely ____________ (appear).
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