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依据【北师大版2019必修第一册】编写
专题10 Unit 1 Life Choices语法填空(一)解题指导--精品导学案解析版
高考英语语法填空(一)解题指导
一、高考语法填空命题规律
1．文章体裁。高考语法填空体裁以说明文和记叙文为主，200词左右。
2．考查形式。语篇中挖10个空，6～7个题是有提示词类(填括号内单词的正确形式)，3～4个题是无提示词类(空白处填入1个适当的单词)。
3．考查项目。有提示词类填空考查的项目有谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等。无提示词类考查的项目主要是介词、冠词、从属关联词与连词。
4.试题分值。高考语法填空共10空，每空1.5分，满分15分。
二、高考语法填空答题技巧
1.提示词为动词的思维导图
2.提示词为名词、形容词或代词的思维导图
3.无提示词类思维导图
三、高考语法填空分类精练
第1组：括号内给动词填写谓语类
1. (2021•新高考全国卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2. (2020•新课标I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct) .”
3. (2020•全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
4. (2020•全国III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.
【答案与解析】
1. was。本题的关键词是副词then，暗示用一般过去时。故答案是was。
2. means; is constructed。第一空表示客观事实，应用一般现在时；第二空表示“月球是如何构造的”，既是被动行为，又是描述现状，应用一般现在时。故答案是means; is constructed。
3. be chosen。首先情态动词后接动词原形，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是be chosen。
4. pointed。本句是“A and B”型并列句，因此谓语动词应保持一致。故答案是pointed。
第2组：括号内给动词填写非谓语类
5. (2021•全国甲卷) After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
6. (2021•全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7. (2021•新高考全国卷)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us (astonish).
8. (2020•全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案与解析】
5. spending。介词after之后接动词应用动名词。故答案是spending。
6. to have。aim to do是固定搭配，表示“目的是做……”。故答案是to have。
7. astonished。这里是leave sb astonished表示“使某人吃惊”，形容词作宾语补足语。故答案是astonished。
8. surrounding。本句含有两个see sb doing…句型，现在分词短语作宾语补足语，强调一个正在进行的动作。故答案是surrounding。
第3组：括号内给动词转化为名词、形容词类
9. (2020·全国II卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
10.(2018·全国III卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid lookingdirectly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel _________ (challenge).
【答案与解析】
9. celebration。结合语境冠词之后应用名词。故答案是celebration。
10. challenged。feel challenged是系表结构，表示“感到受到挑战”。故答案是challenged。
第4组：括号内给名词填写复数类
11. (2021•全国乙卷) ________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
12. (2021•新高考全国卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
【答案与解析】
11. Activities。前一分句谓语含有range from … to…，谓语动词原形说明主语是复数形式。故答案是Activities。
12. humans。本句中humans作we的同位语，复数概念。故答案是humans。
第5组：括号内给名词填写所有格类
13. (2021•浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
【答案与解析】
13. person’s。故答案是person’s。结合语境应用名词所有格作定语，表示“个人的体重”。
第6组：括号内给名词转化为形容词、动词类
14. (2021•全国乙卷)Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
15. (2018•全国I卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案与解析】
14. financial。结合语境应用形容词作定语。故答案是financial。
15. strengthen。结合语境应用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案是strengthen。
第7组：括号内给形容词填写副词类
16.(2021•全国新高考卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
17.(2021•浙江1月卷) But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _________ (sharp).
【答案与解析】
16. undoubtedly。结合语境应用副词修饰动词，undoubtedly表示“毫无疑问地”。故答案是undoubtedly。
17. sharply。结合语境修饰动词应用副词，sharply表示“显著地，明显地”。故答案是sharply。
第8组：括号内给形容词填写比较等级类
18. (2021•新高考山东卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the __________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
19. (2021•浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much __________(small) than it is today.
20. (2020•全国卷III)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【答案与解析】
18. hotter。这是“the +比较级…, the +比较级…”句型。故答案是hotter。
19. smaller。本句含有关键词than，因此空白处应用比较级。故答案是smaller。
20. finest。结合语境应用形容词最高级作定语。故答案是finest。
第9组：括号内给形容词转换为名词、反义词类
21. (2020•全国IIII卷) Filled with _______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
22. (2020•新高考全国卷)Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
21. curiosity。结合语境介词之后应用名词。故答案是curiosity。
22. accuracy。结合语境应用名词作主语。故答案是accuracy。
第10组：括号内给代词填写宾格、形容词物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词类
23. (2020•新高考全国卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ________ (they) living at a different time in history or living through a rainforest.
24. (2021•全国乙卷) Ecotourism has ________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
25. (2021•新高考全国卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________ (I).
26. (2021•浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【答案与解析】
23. their。结合语境这是“形容词性物主代词+动名词”构成的动名词复合结构作imagine的宾语。故答案是their。
24. its。结合语境应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故答案是its。
25. mine。结合语境应用名词性物主代词，作介词in的宾语，相当于my memory。故答案是mine。
26. herself。结合语境应用反身代词作介词宾语。故答案是herself。
第11组：无提示词填写冠词类
27. (2021•全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all _______ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
28. (2021•全国乙卷) Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案与解析】
27. the。all the way是固定搭配，表示“一路上，一直”。故答案是the。
28. the。结合语境应用定冠词the表示特指。故答案是the。
第12组：无提示词填写介词类
29. (2021•全国甲卷) It was built originally to protect the city ________ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
30. (2020•全国III卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案与解析】
29. in。故答案是in。本句考查介词基本用法，in the Tang Dynasty表示“在唐朝事情”。
30. on。on earth是固定词组，表示“在地球上”。故答案是on。
第13组：无提示词填写代词类
31. (2018•全国I卷)If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
32. (2018•浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
【答案与解析】
31. it/running。结合语境这里表示“何不尝试一下短跑呢？” 。故答案是it/running。
32. it。本句中it用作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故答案是it。
第14组：无提示词填写并列连词类
33. (2021•全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ________did the job.
34. (2020•新高考全国卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big _______ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【答案与解析】
33. but。我的自行车破旧摇摇晃晃，但是还是能骑行。前后句逻辑上是转折关系。故答案是but。
34. or。结合语境这里表示两种情况，逻辑上是选择关系，故答案是or。
第15组：无提示词填写定语从句连接词类
35. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
36. (2019·全国II卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案与解析】
35. whose。结合语境这里应用关系代词whose作定语。故答案是whose。
36. which。结合语境应用which引导非限制性定语从句，并充当从句的宾语。故答案是which。
第16组：无提示词填写名词性从句连接词类
37. (2021•新高考全国卷) ________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
38. (2019•全国I卷) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案与解析】
37. What。本句中what引导主语从句并充当从句的主语。故答案是What。
38. that。There is evidence that….表示“有……的证据”，that引导同位语从句，对evidence起解释说明作用。故答案是that。
第17组：无提示词填写状语从句连接词类
39. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) _______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
40. (2020·浙江卷) Farming produced more food per person _________ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
【答案与解析】
39. When。结合语境应用when引导时间状语从句。故答案是When。
40. than。结合语境应用than引导比较状语从句。故答案是than。
第18组：无提示词综合训练类
41. (2020·全国I卷)The plum trees are ________first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
42. (2020·全国II卷)Bamboo plants are associated ________health, abundance and a happy home.
43. (2019·全国III卷) They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案与解析】
41. the。序数词前常用定冠词the。故答案是the。
42. with。be associated with是固定词组，表示“与……有关”。故答案是with。
43. who。结合语境应用关系代词who引导定语从句，并充当从句的主语。故答案是who。
第19组：有提示词综合训练类
44. (2021•天津卷) Currently, about 35,000 works ____________(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
45. (2021•新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure that offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
46. (2021•全国乙卷) Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of ____________ (visit) the place.
47. (2021•全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _________ (day) routines.
【答案与解析】
44. are being displayed。Currently表示“当前，目前”，结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是are being displayed。
45. aching。本句中aching作定语，表示“疼痛的”。故答案是aching。
46. visiting。介词之后接动名词作宾语。故答案是visiting。
47. daily。结合语境应用形容词作短语。daily routines表示“每日常规”。故答案是daily。
第20组：综合训练类
48. (2021•新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
49. (2020•全国II卷) Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents.
50.(2019•全国I卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.
51. (2020•北京卷)Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them _________you can join in when it's possible.
52. (2020•全国I卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _______ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
53. (2020•北京卷) Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
54. (2019•全国II卷) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, _________ because I want to.”
【答案与解析】
48. and。结合语境这里是“A and B”型并列句，逻辑上是并列关系。故答案是and。
49. to care。They are easy to care for表示“他们容易看护”，动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to care。
50. belief。不定冠词a暗示后边应用名词。故答案是belief。
51. if/whether。本句中if/whether引导宾语从句。故答案是if/whether。
52. to find。本句中代词不定式短语作目的状语。故答案是to find。
53. myself。结合语境这里应用反身代词作介词宾语。故答案是myself。
54. but。本句含有not…but…句型，表示“不是……而是……”。故答案是but。
四、高考语法填空真题示例
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e 4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — __61__ (touch) down last week in the South Pole Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is __62__ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __63__ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular __64__ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so __65__ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e4 __66__ (find) and study areas of the South Pole Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __67__ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __68__ (construct).” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how __69__ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether __70__ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
第一步：速览语篇，定时态和语态。
根据文中出现的时间状语、动词的时态和语态可知本文时态以现在时为主，语态以主动语态为主。
第二步：细读句子，定空格处答案。
细读句子的同时，根据语法填空题的解题思维流程，结合所掌握的语法和文化知识，利用自己的思维能力确定空格处的正确答案。
61. touched。有提示词类型。考查时态。分析句子结构，“the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”部分是对探月器名称的解释，可以看作是插入成分。故可判断出空格处是谓语动词。再根据句中的时间状语last week可知，此处用一般过去时态。 touched down “降落，着陆”。
62. extremely。有提示词类型。考查副词。修饰形容词challenging要用副词。故填extremely。
63. where。无提示词类型。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64. interest。有提示词类型。考查名词。句中含有“be＋of＋名词”结构， be of particular interest＝be particularly interesting。故填interest。
65. than。无提示词类型。考查连词。根据前面的more可知，此处考查连词than。 more ...than ...“比……多”。
66. to find。有提示词类型。考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此空处是非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处用不定式表示目的。
67. means。有提示词类型。考查时态。根据句子结构可知，此空处是谓语动词。本句引用了Carle Pieters的话，结合上下文时态可知，空格处要用一般现在时态。
68. is constructed。有提示词类型。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知，此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
69. much。无提示词类型。考查形容词。ice是不可数名词，故表达询问“多少冰”时用how much ice。
70. its 有提示词类型。考查代词。空格处作plans的定语，故需填形容词性物主代词its。
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