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Body LanguageSection Ⅱ Learning About Language
v．ing形式作宾语和表语
考点一 v．ing形式作宾语
v．ing形式可作动词(短语)的宾语和介词的宾语，我们在此重点讲解前者的用法。
1．在admit, avoid, consider(考虑), enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine，mind, miss, practise, suggest, delay, appreciate等动词之后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。
I often practise listening and speaking.
我经常练习听和说。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary?
你介意递给我那本词典吗？
2．在动词短语give up，put off，get to(着手)，object to，look forward to，devote oneself to，can't help(禁不住)等后用动名词作宾语。
I object to being scolded for the trivial matter like this.
我反对因这样的小事而受人责备。
Everyone was looking forward to returning home.
大家都盼望着回家。
[巧学妙记]
巧记后接动名词作宾语的及物动词(短语)：
建议，考虑，坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)，
允许，想象，弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk)，
阻止，抵抗，否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape)，
不禁，介意，保持完(can't help，mind，keep，finish)，
耽误，推迟，求原谅(delay，put off，require，forgive，excuse)，
承认，错过，欣喜欢(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)。
3．动词begin，start，continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。但begin，start，continue本身用于进行时或后接realize，wonder等表心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。
I was allowed to continue using the library.
我获准继续使用该图书馆。
They continued to meet every week.
他们继续每周见面。
4．动词love，like，hate，prefer等后可跟动名词和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
He likes swimming.
他喜欢游泳。
He doesn't like to swim this afternoon.
今天下午他不愿去游泳。
5．一些动词(短语)后既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。这些动词(短语)有：
I meant to tell you the truth，but it was too late.
我本打算告诉你真相的，但是太晚了。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
错过那班火车意味着再等一个小时。
I'll try to learn Spanish.
我要努力学习西班牙语。
Why not try going by boat?
为什么不试着坐船去呢？
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗？
6．need，want，require后作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done。
Your house needs repairing.(＝Your house needs to be repaired.)你的房子需要修理。
Your coat wants washing.(＝Your coat wants to be washed.)
你的外套该洗了。
注意：v.ing的复合结构作宾语。形式有：
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
考点二 v．ing作表语
1．动名词作表语
作表语的动名词所体现的是名词的特性，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，且主语和表语可以换位。
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.
我厌烦独自在这里等。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
2．现在分词作表语
作表语的现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语的性质或特征，主语和表语不可换位。
The result of the accident is shocking.
这一事故的后果令人震惊。
The argument is very convincing.
这一论据很有说服力。
单句语法填空
1．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
2．I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.
3．The news was shocking (shock)，and there was a frightened (frighten) look on her face.
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