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Unit 5 Music
Discovering Useful Structure
【学习目标】
1. To master the basic usage of past word segmentation as past segmentation as predicative and adverbial.
2. To solve the related tasks using past word segmentation as past segmentation as predicative and adverbial.
【学习重难点】
To under and use the structure and meaning of past word segmentation as past segmentation as predicative and adverbial.
【学习过程】
Step 1导入
1. ___________ (bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2. ___________ (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
3. I was very afraid and I felt so alone and ___________ (discourage).
4. ___________ (encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.
以上几个句子的结构是：_____________，表达的是：________________
Step 2: 语法自主探究
过去分词作表语
1.过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态
常见的这种过去分词有:be interested, be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited…
Tom was ___________ (astonish) to see a snake moving across the floor.
汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。
2.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The library is now ___________ (close).(状态)
图书馆现在关闭了。
The cup was ___________ (break) by my little sister yesterday.(动作)
昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。
3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
His words were ___________ (discourage), which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。
Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.
_______________________________________________________
当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。
2.过去分词作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句,这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days.
_______________________________________________________
由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。
3.过去分词作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
_______________________________________________________
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
4.过去分词作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
_______________________________________________________
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
5.过去分词作方式/伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.
_______________________________________________________
那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。
过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。
___________ (use) for a long time, the book looks old.
___________ (use) the book, I find it very useful.
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