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Unit 3 the Internet
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure
导学案
姓名： _________ 班级： ____________
1. To review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice
2. To learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice
1. To appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence
2. To write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.
观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。
1．(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．
2．(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．
3．(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club．
4．(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．
5．(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
共同点：__________________________________________________________________
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有哪些？
现在完成时态的意义是什么？
1．现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的__________，动作已_________并强调对现在造成的_________，主语和谓语之间为_________关系。
The door has already______________________(lock).门早已经被锁上了。
I have _________________(employ) at the job since 2015.自从2015年，我就做这份工作。
2．基本构成
现在完成时的被动语态的结构为_________
A lot of money ______________________(spend)to protect the old temple by now.
These trees ______________________________(water) lately.
2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
We have given him the book.
→He has been given the book.
→The book _______________________to him.
1．时态填空。
1.He ________________________(select)to take part in the sports meeting．
2.The ink_____________________________________(remove) from his overcoat．
3.Has the date for the next meeting____________________________(decide)?
4.How long has the battery_________________________________(change)?
2.句型转换：
The children have already been told the good news．
1.上面的句子变为否定句。
________________________________________________________
2.将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
________________________________________________________
3.对上面句子中的The children进行提问。
_______________________________________________________
现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already_____________________(repair)．机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ．．．？”句型中。
Financial problems of the company ___________________________(discuss) for nearly two hours．
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework ___________________________(finish)
※使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题:
1．现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别
The machine has been repaired.(说明动作发生在过去，对现在________________，“现在修好了”)
The machine is being repaired now.(说明动作____________进行)
The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在____________)
2．非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如：
工程已开始三个月了。
判断正误：
The project has been started for three months.( ____________)
The project has been on for three months. (____________)
3.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。
The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work.
→_______________________________________________
(4)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It's said that the problem has____________________________(look into).据说已经调查了这个问题。
总结：
现在完成时的被动语态的结构
肯定式
| 主语＋____________done．．．
| 否定式
| 主语＋____________ done．．．
| 一般疑问式
| Have/Has＋主语＋____________．．．？
| 特殊疑问式
| 疑问词＋____________＋主语＋been done．．．？
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1．They _______________________ (sell) ten apartments in the past one hour.
2．He ______________________ (buy) a present when she visited Xinjiang.
3．He ______________________ already ______________________ (ask) to help you.
4．The company _________________ (make) its workers work
5．A notice _________________ already _________________ (put up) on the wall.
6．Since we realized that we should study hard, our time _________________ (make) full use of.
7．These streets_________________ (not sweep) for two days.
8．How long__________________the book __________________ (keep)?
9．How long ago _________________the picture _________________ (take)?
10．These goods _________________ (not ship) abroad yet.
II.完成句子：
1．From what _________________ (已被讨论过的) above, we can draw the conclusion that parents are our best teachers.
2．Fortunately, a lot of measures_________________ (已被采取了) to deal with the problem.
3．Two suggestions _________________ (已被提供) by our classmates.
4．People's health _________________ (受到了很大的影响) by air, noise and water.
5．In spite of these changes, the liberation of women_________________ (没有被完全认识到)．
【答案】
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有哪些？
already 已经 yet 已经
recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止 by now 到现在为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
现在完成时态的意义是什么？
1．现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性的动作，动作已完成并强调对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系。
The door has already______________________(lock).门早已经被锁上了。
been locked
I have _________________(employ) at the job since 2015.自从2015年，我就做这份工作。
been employed
2．基本构成
现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/have been done。
A lot of money ______________________(spend)to protect the old temple by now.
has been spent到目前为止已投入了大笔钱来保护这座古庙。
These trees ______________________________(water) lately.
have been watered那些树最近已浇水。
2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
We have given him the book.
→He has been given the book.
→The book _______________________to him.
has been given
1．时态填空。
1.He ________________________(select)to take part in the sports meeting．
【答案】has been selected他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
2.The ink_____________________________________(remove) from his overcoat．
【答案】has not been removed墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
3.Has the date for the next meeting____________________________(decide)?
【答案】been decided下次会议的日期已确定了吗？
4.How long has the battery_________________________________(change)?
【答案】not been changed电池多久没有更换了？
2.句型转换：
The children have already been told the good news．
1.上面的句子变为否定句。
________________________________________________________
【答案】The children haven’t been told the good news yet．
2.将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
________________________________________________________
【答案】Have the children been told the good news yet?
3.对上面句子中的The children进行提问。
_______________________________________________________
【答案】Who has been told the good news yet?
现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already_____________________(repair)．机器已经修好了。
been repaired
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ．．．？”句型中。
Financial problems of the company ___________________________(discuss) for nearly two hours．
have been discussed公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework ___________________________(finish)
has been finished．在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
※使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的问题:
1．现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别
The machine has been repaired.(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在修好了”)
The machine is being repaired now.(说明动作正在进行)
The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在过去)
2．非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如：
工程已开始三个月了。
判断正误：
The project has been started for three months.(F)
The project has been on for three months. (T)
3.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。
The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work.
→His company has been made to offer more chances for people to work.
(4)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It's said that the problem has____________________________(look into).据说已经调查了这个问题。
been looked into
总结：
现在完成时的被动语态的结构
肯定式
| 主语＋have/has been done．．．
| 否定式
| 主语＋have/has not been done．．．
| 一般疑问式
| Have/Has＋主语＋been done．．．？
| 特殊疑问式
| 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done．．．？
|
1．They _______________________ (sell) ten apartments in the past one hour.
2．He ______________________ (buy) a present when she visited Xinjiang.
3．He ______________________ already ______________________ (ask) to help you.
4．The company _________________ (make) its workers work
5．A notice _________________ already _________________ (put up) on the wall.
6．Since we realized that we should study hard, our time _________________ (make) full use of.
7．These streets_________________ (not sweep) for two days.
8．How long__________________the book __________________ (keep)?
9．How long ago _________________the picture _________________ (take)?
10．These goods _________________ (not ship) abroad yet.
1.have sold 2.was bought 3.has/been asked 4.has made 5.has been put up 6.haven’t been made 7.haven’t beem swept 8.has been kept 9.was taken 10.haven’t been shipped.
II.完成句子：
1．From what _________________ (已被讨论过的) above, we can draw the conclusion that parents are our best teachers.
2．Fortunately, a lot of measures_________________ (已被采取了) to deal with the problem.
3．Two suggestions _________________ (已被提供) by our classmates.
4．People's health _________________ (受到了很大的影响) by air, noise and water.
5．In spite of these changes, the liberation of women_________________ (没有被完全认识到)．
1.has been discussed 2.have been taken 3.have been provided 4.has been greatly affected 5.has not been completely realized
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