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选择性必修四U10L1学案
- theory n.学说，理论 the theory of relativity 相对论 come up with/develop a theory提出理论 support a theory 支持理论 the theory and practice of language teaching 语言教学的理论与实践 in theory 理论上,从理论上来说 in practice 实际上;在实践中
例：These birds helped Darwin develop his theory of natural selection.
- chain n.一连串，一系列;链子，链条；连锁店,连锁集团 a chain of restaurants 连锁餐厅
a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 连锁超市/超市连锁店
a chain reaction 连锁反应 food chains 食物链
the chain of events that led to World War引发第二次世界大战的一连串事件
- impression n.印象 impress v.使印象深刻;使意识到 impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
leave/make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象 first impression 第一印象
get a good/bad impression of... 对……的印象好/不好
impress sb. with/by sth.某事给某人留下很深的印象 sb. be impressed with/by sth.某人对某事印象深刻 impress sth. on sb. = impress on sb sth.向某人强调某事的重要性
例：Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly___ (impress).
4. sociologist n.社会学家
5. random adj.随机的，随意的 randomly adv. 随机地，随意地
at random随便地,任意地a random sample随机抽取的样品a few random remarks随便说的话 in a random order 按随机顺序 the random selection of genes基因的随机选择
seven randomly chosen numbers七个随机选择的数字
例：Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries.
这些文化饮食礼仪中的一些可能看起来随意而奇怪,但它们在各个国家都很重要。
Names were chosen ___random from list.名字是从名单中随便点的。
Participants were___ (random ) divided into two groups参与者被随机分为两组。
6. release vt.发表,发布;释 放;宣泄;排放; 解除 n.发布; 释放;宣泄;排放
release sb.from从……释放某人; 免除某人(的职责、义务等)
release sth. into sth. 把某物排放到某物中 release a prisoner 释放囚犯
a good way of releasing stress 释放压力的好方法 the release from 从……的释放
the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大气层的排放
例：The new law released employers from their obligation to recognise unions.
新的法律免除了雇主承认工会的义务。
When you do this, you may feel a little release ___the jail of your mind.
当你这样做的时候,你可能会感到从你思想的牢宠中得到了一点释放。
He____ (release) when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him.
7. contact n.[C]熟人;人际关系;[U]接触;联系vt.联系
a worldwide network of contacts世界各地的人脉关系business/personal contacts生意关系/私交
make contact with sb. /get in contact with sb.与某人取得联系 keep in contact with sb.与某人保持联系lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系 be in contact with sb.与某人有联系
be out of contact with sb.与某人失去联系 physical/eye contact 身体/目光接触
contact sb. by email/telephone通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系
8. attempt to do sth.= make an attempt to do sth. /at( doing ) sth.试图做某事
at one's first attempt在某人第一次尝试时in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
attempt, ability, chance, promise, way等后常用不定式作定语
a hopeless attempt没有成功希望的努力 attempt a rescue 设法实行营救
9. deliverv. 递送; 接生; 分娩; 发表(演说等) deliveryn. 递送;分娩
deliver sth. to... 把某物送到…… deliver the goods 发货
have your milk delivered找人给你送牛奶 have sth. done使某事被做
deliver a baby 接生孩子deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说 deliver a judgment 宣布判决
例：Once his message___ (deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.
一旦我明白了他的意思,他就允许我留下来观看。
10. confirm vt. 确认;使确信;证实,证明 confirmation n.确认;证实
confirm that/what... 证实…… It has been confirmed that...已经证实……
confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事 confirm one's fears/doubts 证实某人的担心/怀疑
二.重点句型
1. “SixDegrees of Separation" refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
“六度分隔”理论指的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生人联系起来。
句中that引导同位语从句，解释说明theory的内容
同位语从句:一般跟在某些名词(belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea, news, possibility, promise等)后面,用以解释说明这些名词的内容。最常见的引导词是that,在从句中不作任何成分,通常不能省略。此外,同位语从句的引导词还有how, when, where, why等,可根据语境翻译为相应含义。 I had no idea ___ he had already gone abroad.我不知道他已经出国了。
The text tells us a fact ___ smoking does great harm to people's health.
He can't answer the question ___ he got the money.他无法回答这笔钱是怎么得到的这个问题。
She raised the question__we could get the fund.她提出了问题:我们可以到哪儿去筹集这笔资金。
Next comes the problem ___measures we should take. 接下来的问题是我们应该采取什么措施。
She had no idea ___she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己为什么突然想到了他。
He often asked me the question ___ the work was worth doing. 他经常问我“这项工作是否值得做”这个问题。
特别注意that引导的同位语从句容易与定语从句相混淆。
应注意,that 引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,通常不能省略;而that引导定语从句时,在从句中必须充当某种成分, 作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略。
Have you heard the news ___ our team won the match? 你听说我们队赢得比赛的消息了吗?
The news ___he told you wasn't true. 他告诉你的那个消息不是真的。
2. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在 1929 年出版了《一切皆不同》一书,他在书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念,他的想法影响了许多早期关于社交网络的构想。
“介词 +which”引导定语从句 ,介词的选择一般取决于先行词同介词的搭配或从句中的动词、形容词和介词的搭配。This is the room __which Leo used to live.
The English play __ which my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
Ours is a beautiful country, __which we are greatly proud.
She received a nice present from her parents, __which a note was attached, saying “We love you”
3. Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people toget the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today
令人惊讶的是,这些包裹只需要通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中,且结果一经公布,便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
状语从句的省略结构 ①当状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句的谓语含有 be动词时,可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。when，while，if，unless，until，even if/even though, as if/as though, once，though，although等引导的状语从句常用此省略结构。
例：Once, when(I was) trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand.
Even if (I am)invited, I won't go to his birthday party.
②当从句的主语是it且从句的谓语含有be动词时,可以把从句中的it和be动词一起省略。
例：If(it is) convenient for you, you can come to my house.
Unless(it is) necessary, you'd better not disturb him when he is busy.
练习：(1) The workers carried out the order as ____ (tell).
(2) Though ____ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
(3) The doctor said if___ (treat) properly, the boy was likely to be saved.
(4) When ___ (do) anything, we should consider how our actions will affect others.
(5) The journey is more interesting than ____ (expect).
“get+宾语+宾补(doing/done/to do)”结构
(1) It's time that we went to school. You should get everything____ (prepare).
(2) The doctor will get the patient ___ (stop) smoking.
(3) If we get the heater___ (go), the car will warm up.
(4) What he said made all of us___ (laugh).
(5) The workers were made ___ (work) overtime to finish the task.
- It was this research that inspired the phrase "Six Degrees
“It is/was... that/who…”强调句式
(1)强调句式的基本结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(被强调部分指人时也可用 who) +句子其他成分.
①强调主语:It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
②强调宾语:It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.
③强调地点状语:It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.
④强调时间状语:It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.
(2)强调句的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分 +that/ who...?
Was it in the park that Tom lost his watch? 汤姆是在公园里弄丢了手表吗?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句形式:When/Where/How 等疑问词(指代被强调部分)+is/was it +that...?
Where was it that Tom lost his watch? 汤姆的手表是在哪儿丢的?
(4)强调句的否定句形式:It is/was not+被强调部分+that/ who +句子其他成分.
It was not in the park that Tom lost his watch.汤姆的手表不是在公园里丢的。
(5) not... until... 结构的强调句式:It is/was not until... that...
Even though other discoveries of cave paintings soon followed, it was not until 1902 that these finds were accepted as genuine.尽管人们很快发现了其他的岩洞壁画,但是直到 1902 年，这些岩洞壁画才被认为是真迹。
1. Research shows the average person "only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and ___most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people __are closest to us.
2. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book __(call)Everything Is Different in 1929, in __ he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early___(impress)"of social networks.
3. In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists ___ (prove) the theory mathematically;
but after twenty years, they still had not had any success.
4. In 1967, an American sociologist "called Stanley Milgram __(try) using a new method to test the theory, ___ he called the “small-world problem”.
5.The people __(send) he packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger.
6. Once the parcel ___ (receive) by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact" of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
7. Amazingly", it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels __(deliver) , and once __(release), the results___(publish) in the bimonthly" magazine Psychology Today. It was this research __inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
8. In the last few decades", the theory and the phrase___ (appear) again.
9. More films and TV programmes___ (base) on the concept were made and__ (broadcast).
10. The idea of the game was to link any actor __" Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links.
11. Most recently, __experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and ___ (find) that 92 percent ____(connect) by four stages.
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发表于 2025-9-22 04:15:23