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Unit12 Innovation语法知识点扫盲
形容词
观察句子
It's obviously right to say that living in the city is interesting, but the city is more ①dangerous than the country. There are often many bad things that happen in the city, such as robberies. Additionally, the city is very ②noisy and sometimes some people have ③financial problems. Life in the country is ④healthy in many ways and there are more ⑤hard-working people in the country. I always want to escape city life to have a good rest and enjoy the ⑥beautiful scenery in the country.
However, some people think country life is so slow and ⑦boring! Life is sometimes not ⑧convenient. As for me, I like the city for its ⑨colorful and good life, and want the country life for its quiet. When I'm married and have children, I'll move to the country while working in the city. I'm not so sure, though.
感悟：
1．形容词分为性质形容词和类别形容词，加黑处①、②、④、⑥、⑦、⑧、⑨均为性质形容词，加黑处③为类别形容词。
2．加黑处⑤为复合形容词。
语法知识精讲
一、形容词的定义及分类
形容词是描述事物的特征、性质、类属、状态等内容的一类词，主要用于修饰、丰富、限定名词的内容。
形容词根据其含义、用法可分成两大类：性质形容词和类别形容词。表示事物的性质或特征的形容词叫性质形容词，表示类别的形容词叫类别形容词。
◆Everyone loves fresh fruit.
每个人都喜欢新鲜水果。(性质形容词)
◆The western area needs our help.
西部地区需要我们的帮助。(类别形容词)
二、形容词的基本用法
1．性质形容词的用法
性质形容词有等级的变化，能用程度副词修饰，在句子里充当定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。
◆Our teacher is taller than we are.
我们老师的个子比我们的高。
◆It is warmer today than it was yesterday.
今天的天气比昨天暖和。
◆Practice proves that this idea is completely correct. 实践证明，这是完全正确的。
2．类别形容词的用法
类别形容词常没有等级的变化，也不用程度副词修饰。
有些类别形容词只能作定语，不能作表语；另有一些作定语和表语都可以。
◆Tokyo and New York are major financial centres.
东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。
◆Two of the candidates must be female.
候选人中必须有两名是女性。
三、形容词的排序
形容词一般按照下列顺序排列：
1．限：限定词。如the、my、a、this...
2．描：描绘性形容词。如brave、beautiful、lovely、nice...
3．大：大小、高低、长短等形容词。如big、large、small...
4．形：形状。如round、square...
5．龄：年龄大小、新旧、年代等。如young、old、new...
6．颜：颜色。如red、blue、green...
7．籍：国籍、地区、出处。如Chinese、American、Japanese...
8．物：物质材料的形容词。如golden、wooden、iron...
9．类：表示类别、用途。如medical、chemical、writing...
◆a beautiful large green Chinese carpet
一条又漂亮又大的绿色中式地毯
◆a pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk
一个很漂亮的旧的黑色日式方形木制小写字桌
四、合成形容词
1. 由连字符(或不用连字符)把两个或两个以上的词连接起来构成的形容词叫合成形容词。在句中常作定语。
◆a south-facing window 一扇朝南的窗户
◆a dried-up river 一条干涸的河
◆a twelve-year-old girl 一个十二岁的女孩
2. 合成形容词的构成
(1)数词＋名词(＋形容词)
◆a five-year-old boy 一个五岁的男孩
(2)形容词＋名词-ed
◆a white-haired girl 一个白头发的女孩
(3)形容词＋分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)
◆clean-washed clothes 洗干净了的衣服
(4)副词＋分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)
◆hard-working people 勤劳的人们
(5)名词＋分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)
◆a man-made satellite 一颗人造卫星
(6)名词＋形容词
◆war-weary soldiers 厌战的士兵
(7)形容词＋名词
◆a full-time job 一份全职工作
(8)形容词＋形容词
◆a grey-green car 一辆灰绿色的小汽车
单元语法专练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)It highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching/achy(ache) legs.
2．(2021·浙江卷6月)When the house was built, it was much smaller(small) than it is today.
3．(2021·浙江卷1月)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including lower(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
4．(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
5．(2021·全国甲卷)We stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily (day) routines.
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging(challenge).
7．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) The beautiful(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
8．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
9．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest(fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
10．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I was worried(worry) that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪).
11．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful(mean).
12．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest(high) mountain.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．科学家们终于弄清了与肥胖相关的关键基因是如何使人发胖的。
Scientists have finally figured out how the key gene tied to obesity makes__people__fat．
2．在虚拟现实中，你可以成为一名宇航员。
In__virtual__reality you can be an astronaut.
3．更多有关这门课程的信息可以在我们的网站获取。
Further information relevant__to__the__course can be obtained on our website.
4．保罗的英语正在稳定进步，这使他的父母松了一口气。
Paul is making steady progress in English, making__his__parents__relieved．
5．布朗先生是一位如此好的老师，所有的学生都尊敬他。
Mr Brown is so__good__a__teacher that all of the students respect him.
6．教练说他们的篮球队需要更有活力的运动员。
The coach said that they needed more__energetic__players on their basketball team.
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发表于 2025-9-22 04:14:18