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新教材北师大版 英语选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5
UNIT 5高频词汇 知识点清单
UNIT 5 EDUCATION
高频词汇精讲
1. insist vi.坚称;坚持主张
...Comenius, insisted that when teaching, the subject matter should be adapted to learners' interests...
……夸美纽斯坚持认为,在教学时,主题应该适合学习者的兴趣…… (教材P111)
情景导学
But she insists on us eating healthy food.
但她坚决要求我们吃健康的食物。(2020全国Ⅲ)
I insist on playing music late at night.已是深夜,我却依然在放音乐。
He insisted that he was innocent.他坚持说他是无辜的。
My family insisted that I ( should ) not give in, but stay and fight.
我家人坚持认为我不应该屈服,而应该留下来斗争。
用法归纳
①insist on /upon(doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事
②insist on doing sth.执意继续做某事
③在“insist that...”结构中,insist表示“坚持说”时,that引导的宾语从句用陈述语气;insist表示“坚决要求”时,that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”形式。
词汇拓展
①insistent adj.坚决要求的;坚持的
②insistence n.坚决要求;坚持
2. tendency n.倾向;偏好;趋势;趋向
She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
她有时很烦人、固执且易怒,没有人理解她时,她总爱摔东西。 (教材P30)
情景导学
African governments are more welcoming to Chinese companies because they have a tendency to understand local needs and respond quickly.
非洲政府更欢迎中国公司,因为它们倾向于了解当地需求并迅速做出反应。(China Daily)
In recent years, there is a growing tendency for people to shop online, and most people more or less have the experience of shopping online.
近年来,人们网购有增长的趋势,大多数人或多或少都有网上购物的经历。
(写作—网上购物)
There is a tendency that more and more people choose overseas destinations for their holidays.越来越多的人趋向于选择海外目的地来度假。 (写作—生活方式)
用法归纳
①have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事
②there is a tendency (for...) to do sth.(……)有做某事的趋势
③there is a tendency that ...有……趋势
词汇拓展
tend v.往往会,倾向;照料
tend to do sth.往往会做某事;倾向于做某事
tend to/towards sth.趋于/趋向某事物
tend(to)sb./sth.照料某人/某物
•Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.
经常由于各种压力,我们往往忽视自己的健康。 (2022北京)
3. relate vi.理解;相联系
She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties.
她早年也有过视力问题,所以她能理解海伦的困难。 (教材P30)
情景导学
We should relate new ideas to our past experience.
我们应该将新想法和我们以往的经历相联系。
We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.
我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。
用法归纳
①relate A to B把A和B联系起来
②relate to ...涉及……,与……相关;能够理解并同情……
词汇拓展
①related adj.相关的,有联系的
be related to与……有关
•Decide how you'd like to carry out the survey and prepare related documents.
决定你想如何进行调查并准备相关文件。
•Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs.
有消息称我们学校要开一个主题与中国传统习俗有关的班会。
②relative adj.相对的;相关联的 n.亲戚
③relation n.关系;亲属
④relationship n.关系;关联
4. disappointed adj.失望的,沮丧的
When her teacher said that it wasn't, she was confused and disappointed.
当她的老师说不是时,她感到困惑且失望。 (教材P31)
情景导学
Professor Williams is greatly disappointed to see so many people absent from the lecture.看到这么多人缺席讲座,威廉斯教授感到非常失望。 (读后续写—心理描写)
I was disappointed at the result of the basketball game because we played so well yet still lost.我对这场篮球赛的结果感到失望,因为我们表现得很好,但还是输了。
用法归纳
①be disappointed at /by/with/in sth.对某事感到失望
②be disappointed in/with sb.对某人感到失望
③be disappointed to see /hear...看到/听到……,(某人)感到失望
词汇拓展
①disappoint v.使失望;使破灭;使落空
•The bad weather disappointed my plan to play tennis with my friends.
糟糕的天气使我和朋友们打网球的计划落空了。
•Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books.
当事情不像我们想象的他们在书中那样时,电影也会让我们失望。 (外研必修二)
②disappointing adj.令人失望的
•The study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge, but the results were a little disappointing.
这项研究在试图丰富我们的知识方面是值得称赞的,但是结果有点令人失望。
(2021浙江1月改编)
③disappointment n.失望;沮丧
to one's disappointment令某人失望的是
5. contribute vi.& vt.奉献,捐献
Obviously, certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world.
显然,某些种类的知识是必要的,不仅是为了追求某些职业,而且是为了对世界做出贡献。
(教材P113)
情景导学
Each worker contributed a dollar to the Red Cross.每个工人捐献了一美元给红十字会。
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.研究表明,竞走和跑步在健身方面有很多共有的好处,同时很可能会减少受伤。 (2020全国Ⅰ)
It will show you that you often need to rely on others for your success and, similarly, that you also have a responsibility to contribute to the success of others.
它会向你表明,你的成功往往需要依赖他人,同样,你也有责任为他人的成功做出贡献。(译林必修二)
用法归纳
①contribute... to ...为……捐献……;为……奉献……
②contribute to 促成;导致;为……做出贡献;为……撰稿
词汇拓展
contribution n.贡献;促成作用
make contributions/a contribution to...为……做出贡献
•The young are determined to make a significant contribution to our nation.
年轻人决心为我们的国家做出重大贡献。
6. expose vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露
...we need to be able to read, so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.
……我们需要能识字,以便我们能交流,能接触新事物。 (教材P113)
情景导学
Many students choose to study abroad for they want to expose themselves to another culture.许多学生选择出国留学,因为他们想要体验另一种文化。 (写作—学习)
They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors.
他们较少面对外部因素造成的压力。 (2020北京)
用法归纳
①expose sb./sth./oneself to sth.使……面临/遭受……
②expose sb. to sth.使……接触/体验……
词汇拓展
exposure n.暴露;接触
7. circumstance n.境况,状况;情况,情形;环境
It makes people behave with integrity, regardless of background and circumstances.
它使人们无论背景和境况如何,都能正直地行事。 (教材P113)
情景导学
Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming.最近,我构思了一种新的计时方法,它与地球上的环境有关,这些环境可能会因全球变暖而改变。 (2021北京)
Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下,不告诉他这次事故似乎更好。
Under no circumstances should youngsters follow negative information in the mass media blindly.
无论如何,年轻人都不应盲目地跟从大众传媒上的负面信息。 (写作—媒体)
用法归纳
①under /in the circumstances在这种情况下;既然如此
②under/in certain circumstances 在某些情况下
③under/in no circumstances决不;无论如何都不(该短语置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装 ,即把谓语中的助动词或情态动词提到主语之前)
词汇拓展
表达“决不”概念的介词短语有in no way、by no means、in no case、on no condition、on no account等。
8. conclusion n.结论;结果
In conclusion, education is important not only because it facilitates individual development, but also promotes social and national development.最后,教育是重要的,因为它不仅促进个人的发展,而且促进社会和国家的发展。 (教材P113)
情景导学
He came to the conclusion that the machine was out of order.
他得出结论,那台机器出了毛病。
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life.
总之,积极思考是应对困难时期和提高一个人的生活质量的有力且有效的方法。
(2020北京)
When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
当他完美地结束演讲后,惠利让班上其他同学表扬他。 (2019全国Ⅰ)
While many have long warned about the danger of wildlife circulating viruses, scientists shouldn't jump to conclusions.
尽管很多人早就针对野生动物传播病毒的危险发出警告,但科学家不应该草率地下结论。 (China Daily)
用法归纳
①in conclusion最后;总而言之
②jump to conclusions匆忙下结论;贸然断定
③come to /reach/lead to/draw a conclusion得出结论
④bring ...to a conclusion结束……
词汇拓展
conclude v.得出结论;(使)结束
conclude with sth.以某事结束
conclude(from sth.)that...(从某事中)得出结论
•The performance concluded with the chorus of our teachers.
演出以我们老师的合唱结束。
•With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions.
通过我们的研究,我们认为我们现在可以自信地得出结论,至少一些狗可以分辨人类的面部表情。 (2021浙江)
9. responsibility n.责任
Let's first talk about teachers' responsibility.
让我们先来谈谈教师的责任。 (教材P113)
情景导学
It's every citizen's responsibility to keep the city clean.
保持城市清洁是每个公民的责任。(写作—环境保护)
It is believed that helping parents do the household chores can foster children's sense of responsibility.人们认为帮助父母做家务可以培养孩子的责任感。
You are saying that everyone should take equal responsibility for the disaster, and this is where I disagree.
你说每个人都应该对这场灾难负同等的责任,这是我不同意的地方。
Through the activity, I feel that I am able to shoulder the responsibility.
通过这次活动,我觉得自己能够承担起责任。
用法归纳
①take/have/assume responsibility for ...对……负责
②a sense of responsibility责任感
③take on/ shoulder the responsibility承担责任
④It's one's responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责任。
词汇拓展
①responsible adj.负责的;负有责任的
be responsible for...对……负责
•It is individuals that should be responsible for their own diet and health.
是个人应对自己的饮食和健康负责。
②responsibly adv.认真负责地;可靠地
③irresponsible adj.不负责任的
10. worthy adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的;值得……的
...his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge.
……他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日拖拉的、低效的工作作风,而是对知识的有价值的探索。 (教材P36)
情景导学
His behaviour is worthy of being praised/to be praised.他的行为应该得到赞扬。
He gave a speech that was worthy of Martin Luther King.
他做了一次典型的马丁·路德·金式的演讲。
Included here are three qualities worthy of special consideration.
这里包括三个值得特别考虑的品质。 (译林必修二)
用法归纳
①be worthy of sb./sth.值得/应得……的;有某人/某物的典型特征
②be worthy of being done/to be done ……值得被做
词汇拓展
①unworthy adj.不值得的;格格不入的
•Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough.
用言语表达为什么你觉得不值得,为什么你觉得不够好。 (2020全国Ⅰ)
②worthless adj.无价值的,品质坏的
易混辨析
worthwhile
| 表示“值得的,值得做的;值得花时间/金钱/精力的”,可作定语、表语或宾补。作表语时,句首常用it作形式主语,构成It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.
| worthy
| 作定语时意为“有价值的;值得尊敬/敬仰的”;作表语时意为“值得……的;应得……的”,不能用it作形式主语,后接不定式或“of+名词、代词或动名词”
| worth
| 意为“值得;值……钱”,可作表语或后置定语。后常接名词、代词或动名词,接动名词时要用主动形式表示被动含义,常构成be(well)worth sth./doing
|
It's worthwhile reading/to read literary books because they can help us to know more about society and life.
读文学类的图书是值得的,因为它们能帮助我们了解更多关于社会和生活的知识。
A successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration.
成功的结局并非唯一值得庆祝的事情。
A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not.
书评往往可以告诉你一本书是否值得一读。 (译林必修二)
11. urge vt.强烈要求;敦促 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究成果,敦促他继续研究,但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时,他们生气了,并把他送进了监狱。 (教材P37)
情景导学
Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.父母应积极督促孩子利用机会加入运动队。 (写作—运动)
I strongly urge that all of you (should) study hard and have the ambition to serve your nation.我强烈要求你们所有人都努力学习,有为国家服务的志向。
He feels an urge to spread the latest news.他很想传播最新消息。
用法归纳
①urge sb. to do sth.敦促/力劝某人做某事
②urge that...敦促/力劝……(that从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”形式,should可省略)
③have/ feel an urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
词汇拓展
①urgent adj.紧急的
•The situation is so urgent that we must take an effective measure to solve the problem right now.
情况如此紧急,以至于我们必须立刻采取有效措施来解决这一问题。
②urgency n.紧急;迫切;紧急的事
12. owe vt.有……是由于;把……归功于
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei...
我们对世界的认识和理解,很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利莱这样的人……(教材P37)
情景导学
He still owes nearly 3,000 yuan to Roger.他仍然欠罗杰近3,000元。
I owe you an apology for what I said this morning.
对于我今天早上所说的话,我欠你一个道歉。 (读后续写—情节描写)
We owe all that we have achieved over the past hundred years to the concerted efforts of Chinese people.
一百年来,我们取得的一切成就是中国人民共同努力的结果。
I owe my parents a great deal because they have devoted most of their time and energy to cultivating me.
我非常感激我的父母,因为他们花了大部分时间和精力培养我。
用法归纳
①owe sth. to sb./sth.=owe sb. sth.把某事归功于……;因……而感激……
②owe sb. sth.=owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物
③owe it to sb. to do sth.(认为)应该为某人做某事
词汇拓展
owing to因为;由于
•Owing to our efforts, our daughter decided to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl.由于我们的努力,我们的女儿决定捐赠一大袋玩具给一个小女孩。
(2018全国Ⅲ改编)
13. beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的
These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for;more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
这些人懂得,知识和理解是要追求的东西;一些人可能会说,和世界上所有的金钱相比,这些对个人而言更重要,对人类而言更有益。 (教材P37)
情景导学
It can be beneficial to you to share your feelings with someone you trust.
与你信任的人分享你的情感对你会是有益的。
用法归纳
be beneficial to sb./sth.对某人/某物有益
词汇拓展
benefit n.益处 vt.& vi.受益;有益于
be of benefit (to...)(对……)有益处
for the benefit of...=for sb.'s benefit为帮助某人;为某人的利益
benefit from/by...受益于……,从……中获益
•Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.
随着时间的推移,你们俩都会受益——你的同伴将能够举起更多的重量,你的身体会变得更加健康。 (2022全国新高考Ⅰ)
•There is no doubt that being honest is for the benefit of the country and the individual.毫无疑问,诚信对于国家和个人而言都有好处。
•Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.如果没有托马斯·爱迪生,现在使我们受益的很多东西将不会存在。
高频词汇积累
词汇
| 释义
| 用法&拓展
| precious
| adj.宝贵的
| valuable adj.宝贵的,有价值的
dear adj.昂贵的
expensive adj.昂贵的
cheap adj.便宜的
worthless adj.无价值的
| complex
| adj.复杂的,难以理解的
n.(类型相似的)建筑群(生义)
| In 2008, the complex was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO.
2008年,这一建筑群被联合国科教文组织列为世界遗产
| | | complicated adj.复杂的,难懂的
simple adj.简单的
obvious adj.明显的;易理解的
complexity n.复杂性,难懂
| objective
| n.目的,目标
adj.客观的
| Our main objective was the victory over the disease.
我们的主要目标是战胜疾病。
The writer's tone in this passage is objective.
作者在这段文章中的语气是客观的。
| | | subjective adj.主观的
impartial adj.公正的;不偏不倚的;中立的
impersonal adj.客观的
neutral adj.中立的
| core
| adj.核心的
n.果心,核儿(生义);要点,精髓
| He is a core member in this social club.
他是这个社交俱乐部的核心成员。
Don't eat the core of the apple.
不要吃苹果核儿。
Responsibility is at the core of management.
负责是管理的精髓。
| civil
| adj.文明的,有礼貌的;公民的
| civilise/civilize vt.使文明;开化
civilisation/civilization n.文明
| educate
| vt.教育;教导,指导
| education n.教育
educator n.教育工作者
| vital
| adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
| important adj.重要的
critical adj.极重要的,关键的
key adj.最重要的;关键的
essential adj.极其重要的
necessary adj.必要的
unimportant adj.不重要的
unnecessary adj.不必要的
trivial adj.不重要的;琐碎的;微不足道的
|
经典结构
1. This is/was because...这是因为……
This was because she couldn't see or hear.
这是因为她看不见,也听不见。 (教材P30)
情景导学
He got killed in the accident. That's because he was careless.
他在事故中丧生了。那是因为他粗心。
He did not see the film last night. That was because he had to help his sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有看电影。那是因为他得帮他妹妹做家庭作业。
用法归纳
This/That is/was because...
这/那是因为……,because引导的从句表示原因 。
结构拓展
①This/That is/was why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句,表示结果)
•I didn't catch the early bus. That's why I came late for school.
我没有赶上早班车,那就是为什么我上学迟到了。
②The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……
(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语;that引导表语从句,表示原因)
•The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a very tall tree.
他弄伤腿的原因是他从一棵很高的树上摔了下来。
2. It was the first time...这是第一次……
It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch.
这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的一个词——一个表示她无法触摸的东西的词。
(教材P31)
情景导学
It is the first time that I have felt really relaxed for months.
这是我几个月以来第一次感到非常放松。
This is the second time that in ten years the same fate has befallen us.
这是十年来同样的命运第二次降临在我们头上。
All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean.
总而言之,是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 (写作—环境保护)
He had been missing his parents and the dog since that was the first time that he had been away from home for such a long time.
他一直都很思念他的父母和那只狗,因为那是他第一次离开家这么长时间。
(2020浙江1月改编)
用法归纳
①It/This/That is/was the first/second/last/...time that...为固定句型,主句为一般现在时,that从句用现在完成时 ;主句为一般过去时,that从句用过去完成时 , that 有时可省略。
②It is high time that...为固定句型,that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 或“should+动词原形”。
结构拓展
①the first/second/...time为名词性短语,在句中常用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
•The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.
我第一次去那里时,他们住在一个有狗、鸭子和其他动物的小房子里。 (2018全国Ⅰ)
②for the first/second/...time 在句中单独作状语,意为“第几次”。
•For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多年来第一次,她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
③There was a time when...意为“一度/曾经……”,when为关系副词,引导定语从句。
•There was a time when I had some difficulties in my life.
有一段时间,我的生活中有一些困难。
长难句
Sentence 1
译文 由于海伦理解了语言的关键,她非常渴望学习更多语言,并且尽可能多地运用它。
Sentence 2
译文 教会和许多人往往会忽视事实,不想质疑他们一直信奉的东西。
Sentence 3
译文 人们想要相信这些原始思想,这并不奇怪,因为它们是由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384-公元前322)提出的。
Sentence 4
译文 我们对世界的认识和理解,很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利莱这样的人,为了找到建立当今文明所需的知识王国,他们足够勇敢,走出了传统思想的阴影。
必备语法
have/get something done结构
have/get something done结构用来表达要别人为自己做某事。
一、形式
情景导学1
Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学界得到认可。
You should understand the traffic rules by now. I have had them explained often enough.你现在应该明白交通规则了。 我已经把它们解释得够多了。
Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生能推荐一个在短时间内提高她的英语写作水平的好方法。
用法归纳1
在have/get something done结构中,have和get为使役动词,宾语something后面用过去分词作①宾语补足语 ,说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是②被动关系。
情景导学2
I have/get my hair cut.
I had/got my hair cut.
I am having/getting my hair cut.
I was having/getting my hair cut.
I have had/got my hair cut.
I had had/got my hair cut.
I will have/get my hair cut.
I am going to have/get my hair cut.
用法归纳2
have/get something done结构可使用各种时态形式:一般现在时、一般过去时、③现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、④过去完成时和一般将来时。
二、意义
情景导学1
We're having/getting our car repaired.我们的汽车正在被修理。
I had/got my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人给我补了牙。
I have had to spend a lot of money having/getting my house redecorated.
我只好花了一大笔钱请人重新装修我的房子。
用法归纳1
此时have/get something done结构表示主语“⑤请/派别人完成某事 ”。
情景导学2
They are going to have/get some trees planted.他们打算植一些树。
We must have/get the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。
用法归纳2
此时have/get something done结构表示主语“⑥完成某事 ”,主语可能参与。
情景导学3
I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被风吹掉了。
I had my money stolen on the bus yesterday.昨天在公共汽车上,我的钱被偷了。
I had my leg broken in the football game.我的腿在足球赛中摔断了。
用法归纳3
此时have something done结构表示主语“⑦遭受 某种不幸的情况”。
三、have/get sb. doing sth.结构
情景导学
Don't have me waiting for long.别让我等久了。
He got me doing all kinds of things for him.他让我为他做各种事情。
I won't have you telling me what to do.我不允许你对我指手画脚。
用法归纳
(1)在get sb. doing sth.结构中,get为使役动词,宾语sb.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间是⑧主动 关系。
(2)have sb. doing sth.结构可以表示“让某人⑨持续 做某事”,强调动作的持续性;当该结
构用于否定句时have有“⑩允许或容忍”之意。
四、have sb. do sth.和get sb. to do sth.结构
情景导学
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.
老板经常让他们一天工作14 个小时。
I didn't want to tidy the room, so I got Simon to do it for me.
我不想收拾房间,所以我让西蒙给我收拾房间。
用法归纳
(1)have sb. do sth.与get sb. to do sth.均意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have和get都是使役动词,sb.作宾语,动词不定式作宾语补足语,宾语和不定式表示的动作之间是主动关系。
(2)在have sb. do sth.结构中,do是省去to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
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发表于 2025-9-21 06:24:43