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Unit 5 Education
Lesson 3 Understanding
学习目标
1. 掌握本节生词、短语及句型的表达与运用。
2. 掌握动词词组的用法。
3. 通过课堂练习，对课文内容有更深入的了解。
知识运用
1. worthy
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
worthy 可以做表语和定语。
be worthy of sth. 值得……
It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth.
sth. is worth doing
sth. is worthy of being done
sth. is worthy to be done
练习：He is _____________ of your praise.
2. approve
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
approve of sth. 同意/ 赞同某事
approve of sb. doing sth. 赞成某人/ 同意某人做某事
approve of sb's doing sth. 赞成某人/ 同意某人做某事
approval n. 赞成；认可；批准
练习：In fact I don't __________ of my his plan.
3. urge
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sth. on/ upon sb. = urge on/ upon sb. sth. 向某人极力陈述某事
urge sb. into doing sth. 催促/ 力劝某人做某事
have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的冲动
urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的
urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地
练习：They __________ us to go at once.
4. abandon
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
abandon sb. 抛弃某人
abandon sth. 舍弃某物/ 中止某事
abandon oneself to sth. 陷入；沉湎于
abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，被抛弃的
练习：Snow forced them to ___________ their vehicles.
5. assumption
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
assumption n. 假设，假定
make an assumption 做一个假设
on the assumption that 假设
assume sb. to do sth... 假定某人做某事
It is assumed that... 据认为……
assuming that 假设……
练习：We are working on the ___________.
6. respected
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
respect vt. & n. [U] 尊敬；尊重；[C] 敬意（常用复数形式）
respect sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而尊重某人
show respect for sb. 尊敬某人
have respect for sb. 尊敬/ 敬重某人
in respect of 关于；就……而言
with respect to 关于；就……而言
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的
respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的
练习：He is a very ___________ columnist.
7. owe
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
owe sb. sth. 欠某人某物
owe sth. (to sb.) (for sth.) 欠（某人）某物
owe sth.to sb./ sth. 把某物归功于某人/ 某物
owing to = because of = due to = on account of = as a result of 由于；因为
练习：They ___________ their success to hard work.
8. vital
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
be of vital importance 至关重要的
be vital to… 对……很重要
It is vital that… ……是十分重要的。（that从句中要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）
练习：Education is very ___________ to a country.
9. beneficial
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
be beneficial to... 对……有益
benefit v. & n. 对……有益；得益；益处，好处
benefit from 从……中获得益处
be of benefit to... 对……有益
for sb's benefit = for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益
练习：A good diet is highly ___________ to health.
10. put forward
意思：_____________
put up 挂起；举起；张贴
put on 穿上；上演；假装
put an end to 结束
put out 熄灭，扑灭
put up with 容忍，忍受
put off 推迟
练习：They _____________ many reasons for not exporting.
阅读探究
Answer the questions.
1. What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his true interest?
2. At first people approved of Galilei's studies, but later they got angry. Why?
3. Why did people choose to believe views that were about 2,000 years old?
4. Were great men in history always correct? Give examples.
5. According to the writer, will anyone be in the position to say "We know it all."? Use examples to explain.
句型梳理
1.（教材P36）It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解是显而易见的。
It是形式主语，seem是系动词，obvious做表语，从句“how we acquire knowledge and understanding”是真正的主语。
“It seems/seemed that...”句型
“It seems/ seemed that…”是一个固定句型，表示“看来……，好像……”。
该句型可转换为：sb./ sth. seems/ seemed + 不定式。seem不可用于被动语态和进行时态。
It seems that she is happy. = She seems (to be) happy.
她似乎很高兴。
seem to do sth. 似乎做某事
seem to be doing sth. 似乎正在做某事
seem to have done sth. 似乎已经做了某事
It seems/ seemed as if/ as though... 看起来/好像……
There seems/ seemed (+ to be) + n. 似乎有……，好像有……
It seems as though/ if he were very stupid.
他似乎很笨。
There seems (to be) some misunderstanding between them.
他们之间好像有些误会。
2.（教材P36）Although Bacon held an important rank in King James' royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge.
尽管培根在英国詹姆斯国王的宫廷中身居要职，但他真正感兴趣的不是日常的、缓慢而低效的政府工作方式，而是对知识的有价值的探索。
此句中含有“not…but…”结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
“not...but…”结构
（1）此结构在句中连接两个并列成分。
I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你何时何地出生，而是你在生活中所做的事情以及你做这些事情的方式。
Our manager goes to work not by car but on foot.
我们的经理不是坐车而是步行去上班。
（2）当not…but…连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近一致”原则。
Not you but he has the ability to take on the work.
是他而不是你有能力承担这项工作。
Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the accident.
不是杰克而是他父母应为这起事故受到责备。
3.（教材P36）At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642),who proved the idea that "the Earth is not the centre of the universe", were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
那时人们更多地相信教会，而不是事实和像伽利略（1564-1642）这样的人，他证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”的观点，他们经常受到教会的惩罚，没有人为他们辩护。
and连接两个并列分句，后一分句中含有关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Galileo Galilei。the idea后的that从句是同位语从句，和idea是平行关系，说明其内容。
“with no one coming to their defence”在句中做状语，其结构为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”，其中现在分词做宾语补足语。
同位语从句
（1）在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句
的一种。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体内容。
（2）同位语从句的连接词：
主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。其中that, whether不做成分，that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中做一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
（3）同位语从句连接词的选用：
① 若同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。
The news that he was punished soon spread on the Internet.
他被惩罚的消息很快在网上传开了。
② 若同位语从句意义不完整，需表示“是否”的意思，应用whether引导同位语从句。
We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
③ 需表示“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”等意思时，应用when, where, how等引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
谁应该做这项工作的问题正在会议上被讨论。
“with+名词/代词+宾语补足语”结构
该结构可在句中做定语和状语（表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等）。其具体形式有：
（1）with +名词/ 代词+形容词/ 副词/ 介宾短语。
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。（伴随状语）
（2）with+名词/ 代词+名词。
She died with her son yet a baby.
她去世了，儿子还在襁褓之中。（伴随状语）
（3）with+名词/ 代词+现在分词（表示主动和动作正在进行）
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望天空。（伴随状语）
（4）with+名词/ 代词+过去分词（表示被动和动作已完成）
With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。（原因状语，其中cut为过去分词形式）
（5）with+名词/ 代词+不定式（表示动作尚未发生）
With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you.
由于有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。（原因状语）
语法解析
语法：动词词组
一、动词+介词
account for, adapt to, add to, adjust to, agree with, agree to, agree on ,aim at, appeal to , approve of, belong to , benefit from, break into/ in, care about, care for, carry out, carry on, concentrate on, consist of, date from, deal with, do with, depend on, dream of, feed on, focus on, insist on, learn from, listen to, long for, look after, look for, look into, object to, refer to, result from, result in, run into, send for, stand for, stick to, suffer from, think about, worry about等。
二、动词+副词+介词
add up to, break away from, catch up with, come up with, date back to, do well in, end up with, get down to, keep up with, look down upon, look forward to等。
三、动词+名词+介词
catch sight of, do harm to, lose sight of, make fun of, make room for, make use of, pay attention to, show interest in, show respect for, set foot on, take advantage of, take care of, take notice of, take part in 等。
四、动词+副词
break down, break out, come about, come on, come out, die away, die out, fall behind, fall down, get up 等。
五、动词+名词
make money, make a will, make an impression, make a decision, make a comment, take action, take time, take a bus, take an exam, take one's advice, acquire knowledge, set standards, set an example, keep one's promise/ word, keep a record, break the record, break the silence, break the law/ rule 等。
练习：
1. I managed to stick ___________ the diet and keep off sweet foods.
2. If I didn't keep an eye ___________ the children, they would never do the homework.
3. It is hard to break ___________ the plastic in a short period of time.
4. You just have to keep ___________ trying.
5. He looks down ___________ whoever doesn't have a college education.
6. We must never lose sight ___________ the fact that men must live in harmony with nature.
7. Time must be made full use ___________ to complete the project on time.
8. After he retired from office, he took ___________ the work for a while but soon lost interest.
9. Most of these cases end ___________ with someone in court and a conviction.
10. The central government is taking measures to bring ___________ the prices of daily necessities.
答案
知识运用
1. worthy 2. approve 3. urge 4. abandon 5. assumption
6. respected 7. owe 8. vital 9. beneficial 10. put forward
阅读探究
1. Bacon held an important rank under King James (1566~1625) of England. His true interest was the worthy search for knowledge.
2. They didn't want to challenge what they had always thought was true.
3. Because they were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
4. No. Galilei made mistakes. He believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. But he was wrong.
5. None of us can say "We know it all." Bacon and Galilei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for.
语法解析
1. to 2. on 3. down 4. on 5. on/ upon
6. of 7. of 8. up 9. up 10. down
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发表于 2025-9-21 06:17:16