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Unit 1 RelationshipsPart Ⅴ Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club【学习目标】
话题语境
| “人与社会”主题下对“良好的人际关系和社会交往”之探讨
| 课时词汇
| invitation, organise, competitor, progression, engagement, behaviour, principle, contrast
| 常用短语
| so far, on behalf of sb., take up, take place, give a speech, note down, come to a decision, conform to, give in to
| 重点句式
| (1)so that引导目的状语从句
(2)形容词短语作后置定语
(3)表达性技能：能够写邀请信
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单词巧练 写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________ n. 动力，积极性
2．________________ n. 差异，差别
vt. 形成对比
3．________________ n. 政治，政治活动
4．________________ adj. 不积极的，不主动的
5．________________ n. 原则；行为准则
6．________________ vi. & vt. 保护，保卫
7．________________ n. 赞许；同意
8．________________ vt. 属于
9．________________ adv. 真诚地，由衷地
10．________________ n. 参与
11．________________ n. 清楚，清晰
12．________________ n. 选手，参赛者
13．________________ n. 话题，题目
14．________________ n. 代表……
15．________________ vt. 组织，筹划
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．He's a bright enough student—he just lacks __________ (动力)．
2．There has been a call for greater ________ (清晰) in this area of the law.
3．The company is very interested in product design and ________ (革新)．
4．Thanks for the ________ (邀请) to your birthday party.
5．She refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of ________ (原则)．
6．All our officers are trained to d________ themselves against knife attacks.
7．She desperately wanted to win her father's a________.
8．Several of the points you raised do not b________ in this discussion.
9．He s________ believed he was acting in both women's best interests.
10．Last year they sold twice as many computers as their c________.
11．Our discussion ranged over various t________， such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.
12．On b________ of the department I would like to thank you all.
13．They o________ a meeting between the teachers and students.
Ⅲ.短语记忆：阅读本部分内容翻译相关短语
1．和……对比 ________________
2．倾向于做某事 ________________
3．一系列，一套 ________________
4．被控制 ________________
5．认真地对待某事 ________________
6．屈服，让步 ________________
7．取笑 ________________
8．包围 ________________
9．导致 ________________
10．服从；遵守；赞同；支持 ________________
11．遵守 ________________
12．属于 ________________
13．想要 ________________
14．渴望做某事 ________________
15．占据 ________________
16．为……负责 ________________
17．愿意做某事 ________________
18．代表某人 ________________
1.invitation n．邀请
(教材P18)An Invitation Letter邀请信
(1)at the invitation of sb. 应某人的邀请
a letter of invitation 邀请信
the invitation to sth./to do sth. 某事/做某事的邀请
(2)invite v. 邀请；请求；引诱
invite sb. to sth. (for sth.) 邀请某人(为某事)到……
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite sth. from sb. 向某人请求某事
(3)inviting adj. 诱人的；吸引人的
❶After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.
披头士乐队在得到在BBC现场演出的邀请后，很快在英国的全国巡演中成名。
❷I gladly accepted their invitation to the opening ceremony.
我愉快地接受了他们开幕式的邀请。
❸She invited me to spend two weeks in German.她邀请我在德国待两周。
❹We're invited to Lola's party.我们受邀参加洛拉的聚会。
❺After his speech he invited questions and comments from the audience.
他演讲后请听众提问题和意见。
❻An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香气飘进了房间。
佳句欣赏：
①When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.当他完美地结束演讲时，惠利请全班同学一起表扬他。
②People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.人们往往为他们街上的一切都保持新鲜和吸引人而感到自豪。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错
①They came to Washington ________ the invitation of the President.
②Shortly afterwards, he received ________ invitation to speak at a scientific conference.
③They were always dropping by, usually without ________ (invite)．
④They've invited us ________ their country cottage for the weekend.
⑤There is an ________ (invite) smile on her face.
⑥Candidates who are successful in the written test will be inviting for an interview.________________
⑦The newspaper invited readers to writing their views.________________
2．organise vt.组织，筹划；安排(活动)
(教材P18)Imagine you are going to organise an English Drama Competition in your school or an English Poem Recitation in your class.想象一下你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛，或者在班上组织一场英语诗歌朗诵会。
(1)organise a meeting/a discussion 组织会议/讨论会
organise one's thoughts 整理思路
organise time to do/for sth. 安排时间做某事
organise sb. to do... 组织某人做……
(2)organisation n. [C]组织；团体；机构[U]组织工作；结构；体制；配置
(3)organiser n. 组织者
(4)organised adj. 有组织的；有条理的
❶It's an organisation that offers free legal advice to people on low incomes.
这是一个为低收入人群提供免费法律咨询的机构。
❷He is busy with the organisation of a new reading club.他正忙于筹备一个新的读书俱乐部。
❸She's not a very organised person and she always arrives late at meetings.
她不是个有条不紊的人，开会总是迟到。
佳句欣赏：
The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for endofseason gifts.这位不情愿(做志愿者)的家长安排用餐时间、发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is the president of a large international ________ (organise)．
②Isn't it time you started to get ________ (organise)?
③谁来组织今年的聚会？
Who's going to ________________________ this year?
④把思绪整理清楚再说话。
________________________ before you begin to speak.
3.competitor n．选手，参赛者
(教材P18)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience engagement.应该根据他们的发音、清晰度和流利程度，以及思想的发展变化和观众的参与度来评价参赛者。
(1)compete v. 竞争
compete with/against 与……竞争
compete for sth. 争夺某物
compete in 在……方面竞争
(2)competition n. 竞争；比赛
in competition with 与……竞争
(3)competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
❶We can't compete with them on price.我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。
❷Small shops cannot compete in prices with the big ones.
小店是无法在价格上跟大公司进行竞争的。
❸Runners from many countries are competing for the international prize.
来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在为获得这项国际奖项而竞争。
佳句欣赏：
The first prize was awarded to the youngest competitor.一等奖被颁发给了最年轻的参赛者。
The competitor joined in the competition to compete with other competitors in 1000 meter race.这位参赛选手参加这场比赛去与其他选手竞争1000米赛跑。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①来自世界各地的一万多名参赛选手来到北京，为了奖牌在竞争激烈的比赛中相互竞争。
More than 10,000 ________ from the world came to Beijing to ________ with each other in the ________ games for medals.
②尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们在学习方面互相竞争。
Though they are good friends, they ________________ each other in study.
③几家公司正在竞争那份合同。
Several companies are ________________ the contract.
4.progression n．变化，发展
Drugs can slow down the progression of the disease.
药物能减缓疾病的恶化。
progress n. [U]进步；进展
v. 进步；进展
make progress 取得进步
in progress 在进行中
❶Tom is making progress in English little by little.汤姆在英语方面逐渐取得进步。
❷I'm afraid we are not making much progress.恐怕我们进步不大。
❸The war in Africa is still in progress.非洲的战争仍在进行。
❹The movement has been in progress for several years.那场运动已经进行了好几年了。
特别提醒：
progress是不可数名词，无复数形式，也没有抽象名词具体化的用法，所以它前面不可加不定冠词。有类似用法的不可数名词还有advice, fun, information, furniture, equipment, luggage/baggage (行李)等。
[即学即练] 根据汉语提示，用含progress的短语补全句子/单句改错
①The search for the missing child is still ________________ (在进行)．
②The football match is ________________ (在进行), so the result is not available now.
③Firefighters say they ________________ (已经取得快速的进展) towards putting out the big fire.
④________________ (没有取得进展) in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the other.
⑤If you work hard, you will make a great progress.________________
5.engagement n．参与；约定；订婚
Their engagement was announced in the local paper.他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
(1)go to sb.'s engagement party 去参加某人订婚宴会
have an engagement with sb./appointment with sb. 与某人有预约
(2)engage v. 参加；吸引；雇用
engage in sth. 参加
engage sb. to sb. else 把某人许给另一人/使某人与另一人订婚
engage sb. to be here at 6：00 约某人6点钟到这儿
engage sb. in sth. (使)从事，参加
engage with sb./sth. 与某人/某物建立密切关系
❶Evidence indicates that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
有证据表明音乐活动能调动大脑的各个部分。
❷It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
❸Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.
在美国，只有10%的成年人定期锻炼。
❹She tried desperately to engage him in conversation.她用尽办法要跟他谈话。
联想拓展：
engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的
be engaged in sth.忙于某事
be engaged to sb.跟某人订婚
①I'm engaged this afternoon.我今天下午有事。
②I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
③He was engaged to her when working in Beijing.他是在北京工作时和她订婚的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even in prison, he continued to engage ________ criminal activities.
②She has broken off her ________ (engage) to Charles.
③They are ________ (engage) in talks with the government.
④The couple got ________ (engage) on Christmas Day 2013 after dating for more than two years.
⑤The woman who is engaged ________ my brother is very pretty.
6.behaviour n. [U]举止；行为
(1)behave well/badly 举止有/没礼貌
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(3)mind one's behaviour 注意某人的举止
词语辨析：
act一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为，强调行为的完成及其效果
behaviour一个人的行为举止
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If parents do not teach their child how to behave ________ (he), he will do anything at will.
②I think all of us should mind our ________ (behave) in public places.
③They behaved badly ________ the guests, which made us disappointed.
④The parents asked the children to ________________ (举止礼貌) in front of the guests.
7.principle n. [C，U]原则；行为准则
in principle 原则上；大体上，基本上
on principle 依据自己的(道德)原则或信条
佳句欣赏：
(1)It's easy to have principles when you're rich. The important thing is to have principles when you're poor.当你有钱时遵守原则是容易的，重要的是你穷困时遵守原则。
(2)It is a principle of mine to help people when I can.我的一个原则是在我能够帮助人的时候帮助人。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They have accepted the idea ________ principle.
②Many people are opposed to the sale of arms ________ principle.
8．contrast n．差异，差别 vt.形成对比
contrast A with B 把A与B作对比或对照
in contrast to 和……对比
[即学即练] 完成句子
①他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。
His white hair was ________________ his dark skin.
②她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。
Her actions ________________ her promises.
1.take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；对某事产生兴趣；开始从事
(教材P18)We would not take up too much of your time.我们不会占用你太多时间。
take back 收回；退回
take down 拿下；取下；记录；写下
take in 收留；吸入；理解；领会；欺骗
take off 脱下(衣服)；摘掉；(飞机等)起飞；突然开始成功；休假；休息
❶I know how busy you are and I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time.
我知道你有多忙，并且我不想占用你太多时间。
❷He took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
他有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就没了兴趣。
❸Can I take back something I've posted？我可以撤回我已经寄出的东西吗？
❹Can I just take some details down？我记一些细节，好吗？
❺Don't be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.
不要相信那些声称能让你在一周内就减肥的产品。
❻We are taking off now. Please fasten your safety belt.
我们马上就要起飞了。请系好您的安全带。
❼His career has taken off.他的事业已经开始腾飞。
佳句欣赏：
The former sprinter says he wants to inspire others to take up winter sports.这位前短跑运动员说他想鼓励别人参加冬季运动。
知识联想：
take...as把……当作……
take...for...把……(误)当作……
take...to be...把……当作……
take apart拆开
take it/things easy别紧张，别着急，慢慢来
take out取出，拿出
take over接收，接管
take to(不用于被动语态)开始从事；喜欢上；养成……习惯
take your time慢慢来，别着急
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You need a break. Why not take a fortnight ________ from work?
②Peter will take ________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
③Don't be taken ________ by his story; he is a liar.
④It was several minutes before I could take ________ what he was saying.
⑤A good deal of time is taken ________ with driving the children to piano classes.
2.on behalf of代表(或代替)某人；为了(某人)；为帮助(某人)
(教材P18)I am writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.我代表校学生会写这封信。
❶On behalf of my company I would like to thank you all.
我谨代表我的公司向大家表示感谢。
❷We are very glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school.
我们很高兴代表我们学校在这里演出。
❸She gave a concert on behalf of a charity.
她为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场演奏会。
❹They campaigned on behalf of the victims of the war.
他们为这场战争的受害者发起了运动。
佳句欣赏：
(1)The president can't be here today, so I'm going to speak on behalf of him.
总裁今天不能来了，所以我将代表他发言。
(2)I wrote several letters on his behalf.我代表他写了好几封信。
[即学即练] 单句写作
①我代表这里的每个人祝你旅途愉快。
________________________________________________________________________
②我很荣幸代表我校全体学生在这里作演讲。
________________________________________________________________________
3.conform to遵守
conform with/to (使)符合；服从，遵从
遵守类归纳：
observe the customs遵守风俗
observe the discipline遵守纪律
observe sb.'s instructions
听从某人指示
observe the law遵守法律
observe the rules遵守规章
[即学即练] 完成句子
①多数人愿意遵从社会习俗。
Most people willingly ________________ the customs of society.
②这座建筑物不符合安全条例。
The building does not ________________ safety regulations.
4.give in to屈服，让步
give away 分发；赠送；泄露
give back 归还；使恢复
give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
give out 分发；(食物、燃料、电力等)用完，耗尽；发出(热、光等)
give up 放弃；停止
give way to 让路
不规则动词变化形式：
A→B→C类动词
give→gave→given
forgive→forgave→forgiven
drive→drove→driven
rise→rose→risen
arise→arose→arisen
ride→rode→ridden
write→wrote→written
speak→spoke→spoken
wake→woke→woken
choose→chose→chosen
know→knew→known
lie→lay→lain
drink→drank→drunk
eat→ate→eaten
fall→fell→fallen
break→broke→broken
blow→blew→blown
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He nagged me so much for a new bike that eventually I gave ________.
②She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but her face when I said he'd be there really gave her ________！
③At the end of the race his legs gave ________ and he collapsed on the ground.
④It isn't mine; I must give it ________ to the owner.
⑤The market was full of salted fish, giving ________ the worst smell.
⑥She gave ________ her job to look after her sick mother.
⑦If I give in ________ my fear, I'll live a life of regret.
1.so that引导目的状语从句
(教材P18)Would you have time to attend a short meeting at the Student Union Room at 4 pm on 8 May so that we can introduce you to the other judges and discuss the details？5月8日下午4时，您是否有时间在学生会会议室参加一个简短的会议，以便我们向其他评委介绍您并讨论细节？
so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“为了；目的是；以便”，补充说明主句中谓语动词表示的动作发生的目的，其引导的从句一般位于主句后，从句中的谓语常含有may/might, can/could, will/would, should等情态动词；in order that与之含义相同，多用于正式文体，其引导的从句可放在主句前面或后面。
❶You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.
你必须更大声一点，以便大家都可以听到你(的声音)。
❷Cathy had quitted her job before her son was born so that she could stay home and raise her family.凯茜在她儿子出生前就已辞去了工作，这样她就能够待在家里抚养孩子了。
特别提醒：
so that也可以引导结果状语从句，补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果。注意区分以下两句话：
I had taken an early bus so that I got there in time.我乘了早班公共汽车，因此及时赶到了那里。(结果状语从句)
I'm going to take an early bus so that I can get there in time.我打算乘坐早班公共汽车，以便及时赶到那里。(目的状语从句)
[即学即练] 完成句子/指出下列句子中so that引导的从句类型
①He studied hard ________________ (为了) he could pass the exam.
②I'll take some sun cream with me ________________ (以便) the sun won't burn me.
③I always write carefully so that I may make my meaning clear.________________
④I always write carefully so that I make my meaning clear.________________
⑤We all arrived at eight so that the meeting began on time.________________
⑥We'll come at eight so that the meeting can begin early.________________
2.形容词短语作后置定语
(教材P20)A gentleman, married for 25 years, is longing to hear his wife say “thank you”， but won't ask.一位结婚25年的先生渴望听到妻子说“谢谢”，却不愿开口(说出他的期望)。
英语中，形容词短语作定语可以位于被修饰词之后。
❶The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl.
装满水果的这个篮子是这个漂亮女孩的。
❷I think he is a man suitable for the job.
我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
单个形容词修饰不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后。
Anyone intelligent can do it.任何聪明人都能做这件事。
There is nothing (seriously) wrong with the machine.这台机器没什么(大)毛病。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I want to buy something very ________ (interest)．
②He is one of the students ________ (worry) about the exams.
③We need a place twice ________ (large) than this one.
④This isn't anything ________ (importance)．
[素材储备]
1．篇章结构
邀请信是人们在日常生活、社会生活和外事活动中经常使用的一种应用文体，其特点是简短、热情，给人以真诚、亲切的感觉。
邀请信一般包括以下内容：
(1)开头一般开门见山，直接说明用意，礼貌而友好地发出邀请。
(2)正文部分通常包括活动的内容(是晚会、晚餐还是一般的聚会)、时间和地点，有时也可以告诉对方邀请的人员等。
(3)结尾表示感谢，希望对方回复或希望对方按时到达。
2．常用表达
①I am writing to invite you to...我写信是想邀请你……
②I wonder if you can come...我想知道你是否能来……
③It is my pleasure to invite you to...我非常荣幸邀请你来……
④My family and I would feel much honoured if you could come.如果你能来，我的家人和我都将感到不胜荣幸。
⑤I'm looking forward to seeing you.我很期待见到你。
⑥We are longing to hear from you.我们期待收到你的来信。
⑦We are looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.我们高兴地期待着你的到来。
⑧I hope you're not too busy to come.我盼望您在百忙之中光临。
⑨Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience.是否参加，请早日告知。
⑩Be sure to come here on time.请确保按时到达。
3．写作模板
Dear ________，
How is everything going with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a ________ (内容) at/in ________ (地点) on ________ (时间). We would be honoured/delighted to have you there with us.
As I know, you are interested in (fond of/crazy about) ________ (内容). At the ________ (内容), you will enjoy/see... Besides/In addition to doing sth, you can also relax yourself/broaden your horizons/enrich your life. I am sure/do believe you will have a great time/enjoy yourself.
I hope that you will accept my invitation if it's convenient for you. Looking forward to your early reply.
[模拟演练]
假定你是李华，你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛，请给你的英国朋友George写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．比赛时间；
2．演讲话题；
3．报名方式。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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请总结你学到的有用表达：
[高级词汇]
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[高级句式]
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[词语积累]
①peer pressure同辈压力
peer/pɪə(r)/n.[C]身份(或地位)相同的人，同龄人，同辈
②belong to属于；是……的成员
Some of the stamps belong to me; the rest are my brothers'.这些邮票中有些是我的，其余的是我兄弟的。
Mike belongs to the English club.迈克是英语俱乐部的成员。
③conform to顺从/遵从……；与……相一致
conform/kən'fɔːm/vi.顺从，顺应(大多数人或社会)；遵从；相一致，相吻合
④adopt vt.采用(某方法)，采取(某态度)；vt. & vi.收养，领养
⑤fit in(with sb./sth.)(与……)合得来；适应
I wasn't sure if she would fit in with my friends.我不确定她是否与我的朋友合得来。
The new building must fit in with its surroundings.这座新建筑物必须与其周围的环境相协调。
⑥resist/rɪ'zɪst/vt. & vi.反抗，抵抗；抵制；忍住
resist doing sth.抵制做某事
⑦approval/ə'pruːvl/n.[U]赞成，同意；[U，C]批准，通过
approve/ə'pruːv/vi.赞成，同意；vt.批准，通过
approve of...赞成，同意
⑧go along with sth.赞成/遵从某事
⑨bully/'bʊli/vt.恐吓，伤害，胁迫 n．[C]仗势欺人者，横行霸道者
⑩defend/dɪ'fend/vt. &vi. 防御，保护；vt.辩白
⑪role model楷模，行为榜样
⑫deep down在内心深处；在心底
Deep down she knew she was wrong.她心底知道自己错了。
PEER PRESSURE
What is peer pressure① and why does it happen? We all want to be part of a group and feel like we belong to② our community. Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do something that we would not usually do because we want to be accepted by our peers 【1】. Children and young adults especially feel social pressure to conform to③ the peer group.
【1】本句为复合句。when...peers为when引导的时间状语从句，其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词something, because引导原因状语从句。
How does peer pressure affect people? Peer pressure can influence how people dress, how they talk, what music they listen to, what attitudes they adopt④ and how they behave. Teenagers want to be liked, to fit in⑤ and to be accepted, which means peer pressure can be powerful and hard to resist⑥. People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peers' approval⑦ by going along with⑧ risky suggestions or choosing the “wrong” path. In one study, a student who knew the correct answer to a question actually gave the wrong answer because all the others in the class gave the wrong answer and he didn't want to be different 【2】．
【2】本句为主从复合句，主干为a student gave the wrong answer。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词student, because引导原因状语从句。
Can peer pressure lead to bullying⑨？ Peer pressure definitely plays a role in bullying. If a teenager is seen as weak or different by the majority of their peers, they can become a target for bullies. Bullies pick easy targets— people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend⑩. Unfortunately, some bullies are popular and may even lead the peer group, which means others are less likely to challenge their behaviour.
What can students do to avoid peer pressure? The most important thing is to build up selfconfidence, so that it is easier to say “no” to the peer group. Students can do this by choosing their friends wisely: It's a good idea for teens to surround themselves with positive role models⑪— people who don't make fun of them, but accept them and are confident themselves. It's also important for young people to think about the consequences of their actions. If they give in to peer pressure (and perhaps do something that they know deep down⑫ is wrong), what could be the result? If they stop and think about the consequences, they might make a different decision.
什么是同辈压力？它的成因是什么？我们都想成为集体的一部分，想要获得归属感。当我们因为想要被同辈接纳而受他人影响去做一些通常不会做的事情时，同辈压力就产生了。为了顺应同辈集体，儿童和年轻人尤其会感受到社交压力。
同辈压力是如何影响人的呢？同辈压力会影响人们如何穿着、如何交谈、听什么样的音乐、采取何种态度以及如何行事。青少年想要被人喜欢，想要融入和被接纳，这意味着同辈压力会很强大，难以抗拒。信心不足、缺乏自信的人可能更容易接受不可靠的建议，或选择“错误”的道路，从而寻求同辈人的认可。一项研究中，一个知道问题正确答案的学生竟然给出了错误答案，因为班上其他所有人都给出了错误答案，他不想显得与众不同。
同辈压力会导致霸凌现象吗？同辈压力必然是霸凌的成因之一。如果一个青少年被大多数同辈人视为软弱，或是与众不同，就可能成为霸凌的对象。横行霸道者选择容易攻击的对象——被同辈群体排除在外的、同辈群体不太可能去保护的人。遗憾的是，一些霸凌者很受欢迎，甚至可能是同辈群体的领袖，这意味着其他人不太可能会质疑他们的行为。
学生可以做些什么来避免同辈压力呢？最重要的是建立自信，这样就更容易对同辈群体说“不”。学生们可以通过明智地择友来做到这一点：青少年结交积极的榜样是个好办法——这些人不会取笑他们而是会接受他们，并且这些人很自信。对年轻人来说，考虑自己行为的后果也很重要。如果他们屈服于同辈压力(可能去做他们深知是错误的事情)，结果将会如何？他们如果停下来考虑后果，可能会做出不同的决定。
[词语积累]
①shared personality qualities共同的性格特质
shared values共同的价值观
②extrovert/'ekstrəvɜːt/n.[C]性格外向者，活泼自信的人
【反义】introvert/'ɪntrəvɜːt/n.[C]内向的人，不喜欢与人交往的人
③psychiatrist/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n.[C]精神病学家，精神科医生
④talkative/'tɔːkətɪv/adj.健谈的，爱多说话的
⑤a range of一系列
⑥tend to do sth.往往会做某事，易于做某事
I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中形成画面。
⑦unmotivated/ˌʌn'məʊtɪveɪtɪd/
adj.不感兴趣的，缺乏动力的
motivate vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机
motivation/ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃən/n.[C]动力
⑧in contrast to与……相比
In contrast to his brother, Bush has little appetite for foreign travel.与他哥哥相比，布什对出国旅行没什么兴趣。
EXTROVERTS AND INTROVERTS
Everyone has a different personality. It is what makes people individual and unique. However, there are some shared personality qualities① which let us talk about personality “types”. One of the most basic personality differences is between extroverts② and introverts. These terms are used in many theories about personality types. They were made popular by the important Swiss psychiatrist③ Carl Jung (1875－1961), although he did not invent them. Extroversion and introversion are ways of describing a person's attitude towards the world: Do they move towards it or away from it?
Extroverts are people who look outwards. They are friendly, sociable, talkative④， enthusiastic and selfconfident. They are interested in a range of⑤ experiences and enjoy spending time with other people. They tend to⑥ act first, then think later. When extroverts feel bad, unmotivated⑦ or without energy, they look outside themselves. This means they might go shopping, call friends or have a party. Typical extrovert jobs are in politics, sales, teaching and management.
Introverts, on the other hand, look inwards. They feel more comfortable alone and enjoy ideas and thinking. They are reserved, quiet, thoughtful and may be shy. They like to think and consider before taking action, and will often analyse before speaking. In contrast to⑧ extroverts, they value fewer, but deeper experiences. When feeling bad or stressed, introverts look inside themselves for energy and motivation. Introverts often work as artists, writers, engineers and inventors.
Although personality types are different, most people have both extrovert and introvert characteristics in their personality, but often they are more one type than the other. There has been some interesting research into why people are basically extroverts or introverts. Some people say that extroverts and introverts are born not made. Others believe that the environment is more important in shaping one's personality.
Attitudes towards introverts and extroverts vary in different cultures. For example, Americans value extrovert qualities. However, cultures such as those in central Europe and southeast Asia regard introvert characteristics more highly. Interestingly, research shows that people who live on islands tend to be more introverted. Studies have also found that extroverts have higher happiness levels than introverts.
每个人都有不同的性格。正是性格让人们与众不同、独一无二。然而，一些共同的性格特质让我们可以讨论性格“类型”。最基本的性格差异之一是外向者和内向者之间的差异。这些术语被用在许多关于性格类型的理论里。著名瑞士精神病学家卡尔·荣格( 1875－1961)使这些术语为人所知，尽管这些术语并不是他发明的。外向和内向是描述一个人对待世界的态度的方式：是拥抱它还是疏远它？
外向型的人是向外看的人。他们友善、爱交际、健谈、热情且自信。他们对各种体验都感兴趣，喜欢与他人共度时光。他们倾向于先行动，后思考。外向型的人感到不适、没有动力或没有干劲时，他们会从自我的外部寻求解决办法。这意味着他们可能会去购物、给朋友打电话或搞聚会。典型的外向型工作涉及政治事务、销售、教学和管理。
从另一方面来说，内向者向内探求。他们觉得独处更舒服，喜欢思考。他们矜持、安静、体贴，可能比较腼腆。他们喜欢先思而后行，并且经常会在发言之前进行分析。与外向者相反，他们重视数量虽少却更深刻的体验。感觉不适或有压力时，内向者会向自己内部寻求能量和动力。内向者经常从事艺术家、作家、工程师和发明家的工作。
尽管性格类型不同，但大多数人在性格上都同时具有外向者和内向者的特征，但通常其中一种的特征比另一种明显。人们进行了一些有趣的研究，探索为什么大体上人有外向者和内向者之分。有些人认为外向者和内向者是天生的而不是后天形成的，其他人则认为环境对于一个人的性格塑造更为重要。
人们对内向者和外向者的态度在不同文化中有所不同。例如，美国人重视外向者的品质。而中欧、东南亚的文化则更欣赏内向者的性格。有趣的是，研究表明，住在岛上的人往往更内向。研究还发现，外向者比内向者的幸福指数更高。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．On last December 5th our class o________ an activity to celebrate the International Volunteer Day.
2．Your relevant knowledge gained in the workplace can help beat other c________.
3．Our school is scheduled to hold a music festival next weekend, so I'm writing s________ to invite you to this event.
4．After they were given an ________ (邀请) to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.
5．The students are longing for another chance to explore the ________ (话题) with the lecturer.
6．Technological ________ (创新), combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
7．Most teachers find that students' active ________ (参与) is the key to making teaching and learning more enjoyable.
8．His ________ (流畅) in English gives him an advantage over the other candidates for the job.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．尽管学业占用了海伦一天中的大部分时间，她还总是帮助妈妈做家务。
Helen always helps her mother with the household chores even though ________________.
2．这对双胞胎代表所有村民给为他们打井的工人们送上花。
________________， the twins sent flowers to the workers who built them the well.
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
People are unique because they have a different personality. Two 1.________ (share) personality qualities among people are extroverts and introverts, which 2.________ (use) to describe a person's attitude towards the world.
Extroverts, who are 3.________ (friend), sociable, talkative, enthusiastic and selfconfident, move towards the world. Preferring to spend time with people and experience various 4.________ (activity), they usually act without thinking in advance. They tend 5.________ (do) things with others when they feel bad or in low spirits. Extroverts are suitable for jobs that involve associating with others, such as politics, sales, etc.
Introverts, 6.________ personalities are reserved, quiet, thoughtful, and appreciate being alone comfortably. They take actions carefully and seldom speak without second thought. 7.________ (value) fewer but deeper experiences, they depend on themselves to get energy and motivation when they are 8.________ a bad mood. They like to choose jobs like writers or inventors.
9．________ (actual) most people have the characteristics of both extroverts and introverts in their personality. There is still no conclusion whether they are born or 10.________ (develop) in special environment. And different cultures have different attitudes towards introverts and extroverts.
Ⅳ.写作训练
假定你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。
1．比赛的时间、地点；
2．邀请他的原因；
3．训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。
注意：
1．词数不少于80；
2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛the World Adolescent
Robotics Competition
Dear Chris，
I have good news to tell you._________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Jin
Part Ⅴ Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club双基夯实·课前排查Ⅰ.
1．motivation 2.contrast 3.politics 4.unmotivated
5．principle 6.defend 7.approval 8.belong 9.sincerely 10.engagement 11.clarity 12.competitor 13.topic
14．behalf 15.organise
Ⅱ.
1．motivation 2.clarity 3.innovation 4.invitation
5．principle 6.defend 7.approval 8.belong 9.sincerely 10.competitors 11.topics 12.behalf 13.organised
Ⅲ.
1．in contrast to 2.tend to do sth. 3.a range of 4.in control 5.take sth. seriously 6.give in to 7.make fun of 8.surround...with... 9.lead to 10.go along with 11.conform to 12.belong to 13.feel like 14.long to do sth. 15.take up 16.be responsible for 17.be willing to do sth. 18.on behalf of sb.
核心突破·要点讲解►第一版块：重点单词
1．①at ②an ③invitation/being invited ④to ⑤inviting ⑥inviting→invited ⑦writing→write
2．①organisation/organization ②organised/organized ③organise/organize the party ④Organise/Organize your thoughts/ideas
3．①competitors compete competitive ②compete with/against ③competing for
4．①in progress ②in progress ③have made rapid progress ④No progress was made ⑤删除a
5．①in ②engagement ③engaged ④engaged ⑤to
6．①himself ②behaviour ③towards ④behave well
7．①in ②on
8．①in sharp contrast to ②contrasted sharply with
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①off ②up ③in ④in ⑤up
2．①On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey. ②I feel honored to deliver a speech here on behalf of all the students of our school.
3．①conform to/with ②conform to/with
4．①in ②away ③out ④back ⑤off ⑥up ⑦to
►第三版块：典型句式
1．①in order that ②so that ③目的状语从句 ④结果状语从句 ⑤结果状语从句 ⑥目的状语从句
2．①interesting ②worried ③larger ④important
►第四版块：写作专题——邀请信
[模拟演练]
参考范文：
Dear George，
There will be a Chinese speech contest for foreign students in our school. I'd like to invite you to compete in it, because this is a good chance for you to show how well you've learnt Chinese. It will take place in the school hall from 9：00 to 12：00 on the morning of January 18. The topic is “Traditional Chinese Culture”. If you are interested, please sign up on our school website www.ycshool.com before January 10. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.
1．organised 2.competitors 3.sincerely 4.invitation
5．topic 6.innovation 7.engagement 8.fluency
Ⅱ.
1．her studies take up most of her day 2.On behalf of all the villagers
Ⅲ.
1．shared 2.are used 3.friendly 4.activities 5.to do
6．whose 7.Valuing 8.in 9.Actually 10.developed
Ⅳ.
Dear Chris，
I have good news to tell you. Tianjin will witness a great event at the end of this July, the World Adolescent Robotics Competition. With my great enthusiasm about robotics, I'm made head of our team.
At present, we're making preparations for the event. The other day, it occurred to me that you once won a prize in a similar competition. Therefore, it can't be better if you can join my team and show your talent. Meanwhile, attached to this email is a training plan I have worked out for my team, on which I hope you can make some suggestions. After all, you have lots of practical tricks of great use.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Jin
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发表于 2025-9-20 23:00:52