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UNIT-9 Learning
Lesson-3 The Secrets of Your Memory导学案
所谓主谓一致, 是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。汉语里虽然也涉及人称和数, 但是谓语形式上没有变化。例如：他想去。/我们都想去。而在英语里却说：He wants to go. / We all want to go.关于主谓一致, 一般有三个原则：语法一致, 意义一致和邻近一致。上面的例子属于语法一致；Ten minutes is enough. 属于意义一致；There is a pen and three books on my desk.属于邻近一致。主谓一致是高考试题常涉及的考点, 虽然不是每套高考试题必考的内容, 但是其知识点比较零散, 涉及面广, 所以考题往往有一定难度。近几年的高考试题中淡化了对纯语法知识的考试, 因而很少有单独考查主谓一致的语法项目, 常常把其放入时态, 语态, 从句, 倒装句中一起考查。
【考点1】语法一致原则：语法一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。
1. 各种不同形式的主语
主语是一个单数名词、一个不可数名词、一个动名词短语、一个不定式短语或一个从句时, 谓语多用单数；主语是复数名词, 两个以上或两个以上动名词短语、不定式短语或从句时, 谓语多用复数形式。
例如：Why and how he came here ______ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not been known
【分析和解答】答案：A。考查主谓一致. Why and how he came here是主语从句, 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 排除B、D项；只能从A、C项中选择, 而know是及物动词, 要用被动语态, 排除C项, 只有A项正确.
2. 后接介词短语等的主语
主语后接介词短语或其他插入语, 如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to, such as等, 不影响主语的人称和数, 谓语动词的人称和数根据主语的人称和数来确定。
例如：The manager as well as the staff ______ chatting cheerfully during the tea break when the boss came in.
A. were B. have been C. was D. has been
【分析和解答】答案：C。分析句子as well as 连接两个主语时, 谓语需根据前面主语来选择, 即The manager 是句子的主语, 所以谓语用单数形式. 结合when the boss came in可知, 当老板经进来时, 他们正在聊天.
3. 不定代词作主语
主语是one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时, 谓语用单数形式。
例如：Everyone was calm.
One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK.
4. 定语从句中关系代词作主语
引导定语从句的关系代词who, which, that 在从句中做主语时, 定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
例如：Jim is not the only one of the students who _________ Jenny as a frenemy. （ ）
A. treat B. treats C. has treated D. is treating
【分析和解答】答案：B。主句为Jim is not the only one of the students, who_____引导的是一个非限制性定语从句, 在从句中缺少谓语, 先行词之前有the only修饰谓语需用单数形式. 根据具体语境需用一般现在时, 即答案为B.
注意：“one of +复数名词”后接定语从句时, 先行词是该复数名词, 从句谓语动词要用复数形式；而“the only one of +复数名词”后接定语从句时, 先行词是one, 从句谓语动词要用单数形式。
【考点2】意义一致原则：意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致。
1. 单复数同形的名词作主语
主语是deer, fish, sheep, means, series, species, headquarters, works, Chinese, Japanese等词
时, 要视其意义来确定谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式。
例如：Every possible means(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
【分析和解答】答案：has been used. means 是单复数同形。该句中, means有every修饰, 而every只能修饰单数名词, 所以这里means只能是单数。由the sky is still not clear可知, use的动作已经发生, 因此用现在完成时。
2. “分数词+of短语”作主语
主语是“分数+of+名词”时, 要根据of后的名词来确定谓语动词的单复数。名词为不可数名词或者可数名词单数时, 谓语动词用单数；名词为可数名词复数时, 谓语动词用复数。
例如： About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D. was
【分析和解答】答案：D.介词of后面的work“工作”时, 是不可数名词, 因此谓语动词用单数形式。又yesterday“昨天”, 发生在过去, 因此用was。
3. “名词+and+名词”结构作主语
并列主语“名词+and+名词”结构表示同一个人、同一件事或者同一种概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese 6 literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
【分析和解答】答案：is。A poet and artist指的是同一个人, 意思为“一个诗人兼艺术家”, 应用单数；由tomorrow afternoon可知, 应用现在进行时表示将来时。
4. “each /every +单数名词+and+单数名词”等结构作主语
当“each /every +单数名词+and+单数名词”或者“each /every +单数名词+and+each/every +单数名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：--Did you go to the show last night?
--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (be ) invited.
【分析和解答】答案：was。“every +单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数；由last night可知, 应用一般过去时。
5. “a number of +复数名词”与“the number of +复数名词”作主语
“a number of +复数名词”意为“许多…”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数；“the number of +复数名词”意为“…的数量”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数。
例如：A number of experts ________ today that the number of acupuncture points ________ the same as the number of days in a year.
- claims; are B. claim; is C. claims; is D. claim; are
【分析和解答】答案：B 考查主谓一致. 第一空：a number of意为"许多", 后接可数名词复数, 谓语动词也要用复数形式, 排除A、C项；第二空：the number of意为"…的数量", 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 排除D项, 只有B项正确.
6. “a quantity of +名词”与“quantities of +名词”作主语
“a quantity of +不可数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数；“a quantity of +可数名词复数”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数；“quantities of +不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
例如：--Large quantities of time ______ been spent on the discussion.
--Yes, and most students are now for the requirement that all the students not take their cell phones into the classroom.
A. is; will B. has; can C. are; must D. have; should
【分析和解答】答案：D. 主语Large quantities of time是复数, 句子是现在完成时, 所以用have, can not 表示不可能、不可以；must not 表示禁止做什么；should not 表示不应该做, 结合语境, 这里是学生不应该把手机带到教室, 故选D.
【考点3】邻近一致原则：邻近一致是指谓语动词的形式与其最邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。
1. 由连词连接的并列主语
当either…or, neither…or, whether…or, not only…but (also)等连接并列的主语时, 谓语动词的单复数与邻近的主语一致。
例如：_______either you or I going to the teacher's office after class?（ ）
【分析和解答】答案是B. 本题考查主谓一致. either…or连接并列名词或代词做主语时谓语动词根据就近一致的原则；本题中最近的主语是you, 故谓语动词用复数are, 答案选B.
【考点4】三大误区
1. 误认主语
倒装句中；主语之间带有介词短语；one of+复数名词或复数代词；定语从句中
例1：Mr. Black, as well as the professor who_______ from Beijing University, ________ to attend our school meeting.
A. come; is B. comes; are C. comes; is D. come; are
【分析和解答】答案：C 第一个空处主语为定语从句中的who, 指代单数名词professor, 谓语用单数. 第二个空处主语为Mr. Black, 为单数, 谓语用单数. 故选C.
例2：Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher. A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising
【分析和解答】答案：A。先行词是the best students, 因此引导词who要用复数形式。
2. 被主语表象迷惑
看似复数却是单数概念；单复数同形；集合名词
例3：The committee _____ made up of 20members, who _____ experts in medicine.
A. is, are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
【分析和解答】答案：A 第一空：committee是集合名词, 用作主语时如作为整体看待其谓语动词用单数形式, 常用which作关系代词; 如强调各个成员时其谓语动词则要用复数形式, 常用who作关系代词. 此处应作整体看待, 用单数is；第二空：先行词是members, 谓语动词用复数are. 故正确答案是A.
3. 误用语言规则
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等的名词作主语；就近原则；this kind of, a piece of, this pair of 等短语修饰名词作主语。
例4：There ______ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes______ mine.
A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are
【分析和解答】答案：C. a pair of shoes 指的是一双鞋, 因此谓语动词要用单数；后面the shoes指的是两只鞋, 谓语动词用复数形式。
1．Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
2．Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _____visit Beijing this summer.
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
3．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.
A.are not decided B.have not been decided
C.is not being decided D.has not been decided
4．The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
6. Either you or he ___ interested in playing chess ten years ago. ___ you or he fond of music at present?
A. are; Are B. was; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is
7. The number of teachers in our college ___ greatly increased this term. A number of teachers in our college ___ from the countryside.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is
8. She as well as the other students ___ how to type.
A. have learned B. has learned C. learn D. are learning
9. He is one of the boys who ___ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who ___ here on time.
A. has come; have come B. have come; has come
C. has come; has come D. have come; have come
10. The police ___ searching for the thief everywhere. The policeman ___ searching for the thief everywhere.
A. was; was B. has been; has been C. are ; is D. have; is
11． I, not you , _____ in the wrong. Not I but he _____been invited .
A. were ; have B. were ; has C. was; has D. was ; have
12．John is one of the staff members who ___to be sent abroad for further study.
A.is going B. are going C. have been going D. has been going.
13．The number of pages in this dictionary ________ about two thousand.
A.are B.has C.have D.is
14. Each of us ___ a dictionary of this kind. We each ___ a dictionary of this kind.
A. has; have B. have ; have C. has; has D. have ; has
15. Setting fire to the public buildings ___ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.
A. are B. is C. has D. were
- common ________________________
- emotional ________________________
- childhood ________________________
- photographic ________________________
- prove ________________________
- digit ________________________
- limited ________________________
- curve ________________________
- occur ________________________
- significantly ________________________
- definitely ________________________
语法填空
The information I 1． (collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2． (use) than most people think. The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30,000 words per minute is overstated. One researcher proved this in a study 3． irrelevant and illogical sentences were added to the text. The “speed readers” tested didn’t notice the irrelevant lines – the readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.
I’ve interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions 4． (offer) by some speed reading courses. 5． (them) stories indicate that improper methods are sometimes used to tell the courses. Here is how: First, you’re asked to read a passage from a book 6． which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise. Then, after about half 7． hour of instruction, another reading test is given. But this time the reading is the one most Americans know well – such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Not 8． (surprising), persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” 9． (perform).
I’m one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing. Occasionally I’ll read a passage or sentence over and over again just to let the beauty of its construction soak in (渗 透). Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully 10． (appreciate).
答案：
小试牛刀：1-5 BADBC 6-10 CABDC 11-15 DBDAB
达标检测：
1．have collected / have been collecting
2．useful
3．where
4．offered
5．Their
6．with
7．an
8．surprisingly
9．performance(s)
10．to be appreciated
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发表于 2025-9-20 04:54:54