|
|
UNIT-8 Art
Lesson-1导学案
- 本课语法——动词-ing和-ed的形式（做宾语、宾补、定语和状语）
一、动词-ing相关知识点
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, envy, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(避免；逃避), finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(未达到，错过), practice, suggest(建议), can’t stand, put off, look forward to…。例：
The naughty was lucky to avoid being punished. 这个淘气鬼很幸运地避免受到惩罚。
Are you looking forward to visiting the museum? 你期待参观博物馆吗？
- 在get、have、make、keep、leave等动词的复合结构（此时动词属于使动用法）
① get +宾语+doing，让……做某事，强调正在进行的动作
例：She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。
② have+宾语+doing，让……做某事，动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。
例：His parents had him staying at home all the time. 他父母亲让他一直呆在家里。
③ keep+宾语+doing，使某人处于做某事的状态中，强调动作延续一段时间，
例：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. The train was delayed for an hour. 对不起，让你久等了。火车晚点了一个小时。
① 表示使动用法的动词可以用该动词的-ing形式作形容词充当定语，-ing形式的形容词侧重表示被修饰名词的特点，通常翻译为“令人/使人……”。这类动词主要有：astonish，amaze，bore，excite，interest，inspire，surprise等。
例：The excited student was describing the exciting film. 这位激动的学生正在描述这部令人激动的电影。
注意：该类动词的形容词在作表语、补足语时具有同样的用法。
② 部分动词的动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，动名词作定语说明被修饰名词的性质或用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作或状态。
例：
running shoes (a shoes for running) 跑鞋 running是动名词
running horses (horses that are running) 飞奔的马 running是现在分词
① 现在分词和过去分词作状语可以表示原因、让步、时间、比较、条件等关系。当主句主语是作状语，与分词之间是逻辑主动关系，分词用现在分词。
例：
Not receiving the letter, he decided to make a call. (Because he hadn’t received the letter, he decided to make a call.)
We met our former neighbour (while) waiting for the bus. (We met our former neighbour while were waiting for the bus.)
- “感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语（过去分词）”结构中，感官动词包括：feel, see, watch, observe, smell, hear, notice, listen to…。
例：I heard a song sung. 我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌与唱是被动关系）。
- 在get、have、make、keep、leave等动词的复合结构（此时动词属于使动用法）
① get +宾语+done，让……被做，强调被动性动作
例：Can you get the work finished in time? 你能及时完成这项工作吗？
② have+宾语+done，表示“叫、让、请别人做某事，表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人”，或者是遭遇不幸事件
例：Mrs Smith had two of her teeth taken out last week. 上个星期史密斯夫人请人拔掉她的两颗坏牙。
③ make+宾语+done，使处于某种状态，并强调动作的被动性
例：The boy screamed for help but couldn’t make himself heard. 男孩尖叫着求救，但没能让他听见。
④ keep+宾语+done，使……处于被动状态
例：I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this. 这一切我不能熟视无睹。
⑤ leave+宾语+done，使……处于某种被动状态，强调动作的被动性
例：We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
① 表示使动用法的动词可以用该动词的-ed形式作形容词充当定语。-ed形式的形容词表示人的情感、感受。这类动词主要有：astonish，amaze，bore，excite，interest，inspire，surprise等。
例：
The excited student was describing the exciting film. 这位激动的学生正在描述这部令人激动的电影。
② 过去分词作定语主要说明该动词与被修饰名词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，但有时是表示动作已完成。例如：
the beaten team被打败的队伍 beaten在这里表示被动概念
a retired worker一位退休工人 retired在这里表示动作完成概念
falling leaves（在空中的）落叶 fallen leaves （在地面的）落叶
① 当主句主语是作状语，与分词之间是逻辑被动关系，分词用过去分词。当作时间状语的分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，需用分词的完成结构。
例：
Scolded in class, he didn’t realize his mistake. (Although/Though he was scolded in class, he didn’t realize his mistake.)
Given another chance, I will do it better. (If I am given another chance, I will do it better.)
The professor will not attend the ceremony unless invited. (The professor will not attend the ceremony unless he is invited.)
分词作让步、时间、条件等状语时，可以在分词前面加上although, though, while, if等连词。
② 英语中be absorbed in, be caught in, be concerned about, be devoted to, be exposed to, be faced up with, be interested in, be dressed in, be lost in, be tired of等短语作状语时，采用过去分词结构，不用being done结构。
例：
Concerned about our safety, he was determined to go with us. 考虑到我们的安全，他决定和我们一起去。
Lost in his study, he didn’t notice what was happening. 沉浸在学习里，他没有注意到正在发生什么。
例1．(2019·浙江高考)When the children are walking or __________(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
例2．(2018·浙江学考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem __________(call) caffeinism.
例3．(2018·浙江高考)I still remember __________(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
例4．(2017·浙江学考)It is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __________(read) an interesting piece of literature.
例5．(2017·浙江学考)Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words __________(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
- pick up （至少写出3个中文意思）______________
- take action ______________
- chimpanzee ______________
- in addition to ______________
- be committed to ______________
- foundation ______________
- make a difference ______________
一．单项选择（共5小题）
1．As I will be away for at least a year,I’d appreciate from you now and then me how everyone is getting along.
A．hearing;tell B．to hear;tell
C．hearing;telling D．to hear;to tell
2．—There are so many people. What’s up?
—An ______ baby is being found in a box on the hospital steps.
A．abandon B．abandoned C．adapt D．adapted
3．For the most part, adolescents can’t bear ________ by others in public.
A．laughing at B．being laughed at C．laughing D．being laughed
4．The barber suggested the hair style ______ be required for the celebration.
A．be referred to B．referred to C．referring to D．referred as
5．_____ by curiosity, many experts believe, will have a positive effect on adolescents’ creativity.
A．Driven B．Driving C．Having driven D．Being driven
二. 语法填空
On April 22nd, the UNEP(United Nation Environment Programme) called for increasing protection of Antarctica, 1．is the world’s most southern continent. 2．(scientist) say climate change and human activity have 3．(increasing) led to the melting of massive pieces of Antarctic ice. Not only is the disappearance of ice affecting wildlife 4．the area such as seals and penguins, but also causing oceans and seas around the globe 5．(rise).
This leads to an even 6．(big) threat to coastal cities. For instance, Venice, an ancient city of Italy, has long been threatened by the rising sea levels. So far, this situation 7．(make) worse by the fact that its ancient houses 8．(build) on a body of water are slowly sinking. In addition, the salty water is also destroying both famous buildings 9．priceless artworks of Venice. Therefore, it’s high time that action should be taken to fix 10．serious problem.
【答案】：
小试牛刀：cycling，called，visiting，reading，learnt/learned
达标检测：
单项选择 CBBBD
语法填空
1．which 2．scientists 3．increasingly 4．in 5．to rise
6．bigger 7．has been made 8．built 9．and 10．the
|
|
川公网安备51152402000101号 )|网站地图
发表于 2025-9-20 04:53:06