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专题08 Unit 5 Humans and Nature 话题阅读(自然灾害+防护救援) 精品导学案(原卷版)
【高考说】2021年高考英语依据高中课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，各套试卷围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题考查综合运用能力，试卷融入中华文化、坚定学生“四个自信”；落实五育并举、深化体美劳教育引导；传播正能量，倡导和谐人际关系和科学探究精神。
【作者说】本套《单元话题阅读卷》依据北师大2019版新教材编写，紧扣高考命题方向和教材重点以及最新时政热点材料，希望对你教学有所帮助。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（01）
话题：旅游景点Devon
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms. and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
1. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.
B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
2. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smoke detectors.
B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations
3. In a fire drill, the students should_________.
A. rush quickly to a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit
C. shut the door and leave at once
D. wait for instructions in the hall
4. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
5. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.
A. contact the hall staff regularly
B. cover the things that burn easily
C. start the smoke detector in a fire
D. make certain the red light is working
1-5 CBCAD
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息．
1. C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段"They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler（喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers （灭火器）他们检查所有校园建筑，测试和维护所有喷水灭火系统和灭火器"。可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备．结合选项，故选C。
2. B。细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms中的句子"Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors， smoke detectors and sprinklers．大多数还配备有火灾自动报警系统，包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和洒水装置"可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成．结合选项，故选B。
3. C。细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子"Take your room key and ID， close and lock the door to your room．拿好房间钥匙和钥匙，关上房门，锁好你的房间"和"Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift．从最近的紧急出口立即离开，不要使用电梯．"可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开．结合选项，故选C。
4. A。细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子"Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines．误用灭火器将导致罚款"可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款．结合选项，故选A。
5. D。推理判断题。根据 Smoke Detector 部分中的“If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.（如果烟雾探测器正常工作，红灯应该是亮的）”可推知，为了保证烟雾探测器的安全运行，必须确保红灯能正常亮起。故选D。
Devon is famous for its beautiful beaches and countryside, as well as being home to a whole host of dog-friendly walks, accommodation and pubs to have a refreshing drink!
Beer to Branscombe Coastal Walk
Enjoy the popular 4.5-nile circular (环形的) walk from Beer to Branscombe where you will find some of the most amazing coastal walks in the UK. Beer is located on the UNESCO World Heritage Jurassic Coast, so you and your dog could even go hunting for bones along the way!
Before you head back, stop off in Branscombe at a beautiful 14th Century pub, The Masons Arms. This ideal rest stop is just a short walk away from Branscombe beach, which allows dogs all year round.
Seaton to Beer Cliff Walk
Beginning in the coastal town of Seaton, this 3-mile circular walk takes you along the Jurassic Coast to Beer, a beautiful fishing village.
You can enjoy a refreshing halftime beer at the dog-friendly pub, The Dolphin. After enjoying the village of beer, it’s time to head back to Seaton where you will find The Malt House to welcome you and your dog for a well-deserved drink.
Salcombe to Snapes Point
If you’re looking for impressive views and a dramatic coastline, the 4.5-mile circular walk from Sal-combe to Snapes Point is perfect.
You and your dog can finish your day at The Victoria Inn. This pub is known for its real wood fires, which create a welcoming atmosphere for the cooler months. It also has a wonderful beer garden to catch the summer sun, making it perfect all year round.
1. Where can you explore a world heritage site?
A. Beer. B. Branscombe.
C. Seaton. D. Salcombe.
2. What is The Victoria Inn famous for?
A. Its cool environment. B. Its wood fires.
C. Its wonderful service. D. Its beer garden.
3. Who are most likely to be attracted by these walks?
A. Environmentalists. B. Sports lovers.
C. Hunters. D. Dog owners.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（02）
话题：澳大利亚的新南威尔士州旅游景观
From picture-perfect beaches to mountains, wildlife and iconic structures, New South Wales, Australia, offers plenty to enjoy. This beautiful state is located on Australia's breathtaking eastern coast. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales and Australia's most populated city, accommodates more than 5million people.
No trip to Sydney would be complete without a visit to Australia's most famous landmark, the Sydney Opera House. Its unique appearance was designed to resemble a ship's sails and its historic importance is recognized by people all over the world. The Opera House welcomes more than 8 million visitors each year, making it the country's most popular tourist spot. It is also one of the world's busiest performing arts centers, featuring more than 2,000 performances annually.
The Opera House is open 363 days a year, and admission is free. Tours are available throughout the day in seven different languages. For those who arrive hungry, Opera House restaurants offer everything from snacks to fine dining.
“Stunning natural beauty” describes the Blue Mountains of New South Wales. This wilderness area, also on the World Heritage list, is a large, mountainous region that covers 1.03 million hectares. It is home to a vast number of Australia's birds and other forms of wildlife. One of the most visited sites is the Three Sisters, named for its unique rock formations.
Off the coast of New South Wales lies a remote island called Lord Howe Island. Created by a volcano, the island is surrounded by beautiful reefs. Two mountains tower over a bay with sandy, white beaches. Visitors can enjoy beach walks, mountain hikes, water activities (above and below the water), exceptional bird watching and more. About 380 people live on it, and a maximum of 400visitors can visit at one time.
New South Wales offers its visitors an abundance of experiences to choose from and many memories that will last a lifetime.
1. How is the importance of Sydney Opera House expressed?
A. By offering supportive views.
B. By stating personal experiences.
C. By listing facts and numbers.
D. By describing its unique appearance.
2. What can we know about the Opera House?
A. It's highly recommended to bring your own food.
B. Language probably won't be a barrier during tours.
C. The admission fee is acceptable for most people.
D. It is open all year round on account of its popularity.
3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A. New South Wales. B. Lord Howe Island. C. Blue Mountains. D. Three Sisters.
4. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Unforgettable 'Tour in the Opera House.
B. Charming Places to Visit in Sydney.
C. Unique Geographical Features of Australia.
D. Striking Beauty of New South Wales.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（03）
话题：美国目前和未来洪水风险评估
A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise.
In fact, the study, estimates of present and future flood risk in the United States, found that 41 million U. S. residents are at risk from flooding along rivers. That’s three times more than current estimates based on the flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which primarily maps the areas at risk for 1-in-100-year floods in populous (人口众多的) river basins.
Why does the big difference come into being? As always, it’s all about the data. Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all.
The size of the USA means that flood maps made in this way are incomplete. It would be too expensive and time-consuming to survey every river basin in America. The national-scale flood maps produced by FEMA leave the flood risk of many parts of the country unaccounted for.
For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology that avoids the defects of the FEMA approach, where individual catchments (流域) are studied by making use of big data. The study used a new high-resolution model, produced by the flood-mapping organization Fathom, which copies floods on all rivers across the entire continental United States.
“We were all surprised by how many people are actually exposed to freshwater flooding in the USA,” said Oliver Wing, lead researcher on the study and a PhD student at the University of Bristol. “It’s particularly worrisome considering that most of these people aren’t even aware of the risk they face. This study helps fill that critical information gap.”
1. What did the new paper intend to tell readers?
A. The mistakes made by FEMA.
B. The serious situation of the flood.
C. The populous river basins of the USA.
D. The unseen risk of the flood in the USA.
2. Why is the map produced by FEMA incomplete?
A. It’s dangerous to research all the rivers.
B. The size of the USA is too big.
C. It ignores less populous rivers.
D. The efficiency of making it is low.
3. What does the underlined word “defects” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Shortcomings. B. Potential.
C. Consumption. D. Contributions.
4. What attitude does Oliver Wing have to the study?
A. Critical. B. Supportive.
C. Cautious. D. Uncaring.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（04）
话题：Port Lympne保护区黑犀牛现状
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育）programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf（犀牛幼崽）.When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32 kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
2. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A. She loves staying with her mother.
B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition.
D. She is sensitive to heat.
3. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January.
B. They enjoyed exploring new places.
C. They lived with their grandmothers.
D. They were brought to the reserve young.
4. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（05）
话题：拯救火灾受害者——澳大利亚的考拉
The victims were carried in one by one, their paws burned and fur burnt, suffering from dehydration (脱水) and fear. Their caretakers bandaged (用绷带包扎) their wounds and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar — the leaves of a eucalyptus (桉树) tree. As fires have burned more than two million acres in Australia, dozens of koalas have been rescued from burned trees and pale ground. The animals are being treated in rescue centers, and at least one private home, along the country’s east coast.
The difficult situation of the koala — a national symbol of Australia — has raised questions among environmentalists and scientists about what it will take to protect biodiversity (生物多样性) in a country with intense fire, extreme heat and lack of water. Australia has already been among the highest rates of species extinction in the world.
The bad situation goes beyond koalas. Recently, tens of thousands of bats fell from the sky in temperatures over 107 degrees Fahrenheit in northern Australia. Kangaroos destroyed the grapes in Canberra because of drought.
“Climate change and other human impacts have so changed the situation that the government needs to rethink its way to protect at once,” Dr. Bowman said, suggesting interventions (干预) like irrigating, feeding and moving animals to new places.
Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not escape from fires. Therefore, though the fires are still burning, a rescue team began to search the area carefully. Walking in a human chain, they looked up to the tree top, searching for survivors.
1. What do the victims in the first paragraph refer to?
A. Animals injured in fires.
B. Kangaroos driven by drought.
C. Bats that fell from the sky.
D. Koalas rescued from the fire.
2. Which of the following may cause the extinction of wildlife?
A. Wildfires that seldom happened.
B. Extreme hot weather in Australia.
C. The never-changing climate in Australia.
D. Not having enough money to take measures in Australia.
3. What can we draw from Dr. Bowman?
A. Human activities have little influence on animals.
B. The government should take immediate action.
C. The government does not care about the wild animals.
D. Scientists are concerned about the bad situation of wildlife.
4. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Saving the Fire Victims Who Cannot Escape: Australia’s Koalas
B. Saving the Endangered Wild Animals in Australia
C. Actions Needed to Protect Habitat for Koalas
D. National Symbol of Australia Needs Rescue
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（06）
话题：科学家们对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示担忧
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed.
B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.
D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（07）
话题：气候剧变威胁历史文化遗址
Venice is suffering the worst flooding the city has experienced in 50 years. The city is “on its knees” and Venetian Mayor Luigi Brugnaro tweeted as water submerged (淹没) much of the famous historical city.
While floods are a normal part of life in Venice, they have never happened with such frequency before. Experts say that climate change is likely to blame. 1 The Venetian council voted against a measure to fight climate change just a few moments before their chamber (会议厅) flooded.
Flooding is just one of the many impacts from climate change that is being experienced with more frequency and globally threatens many vulnerable (脆弱的) areas and regions. There is a threat that is not often considered. 2 Natural and man-made heritage sites throughout the world are in danger of being damaged or destroyed by climate change.
3 Some will be hit by flooding, like Venice, others by extreme weather events or rising temperatures. For instance, George Town, the capital of the Malaysian state Penang faces rising sea levels, landslides and more severe typhoons, while Yellowstone ecosystem in the western United States faces melting snows, more frequent wildfires and a changing ecosystem.
Changes in the ocean will have a profound impact on many of these sites. 4 And rising sea levels threaten to wash away many of the world’s great archaeological sites.
Experts say that the solutions to saving these sites will be varied, but many will be very expensive. 5
A. Different ways can be used to save these sites.
B. Climate change will impact these sites in different ways.
C. It is the damage from climate change to the world’s heritage.
D. But putting in place protective measures has proven difficult.
E. Warming water threatens to kill much of the coral in the Great Barrier Reef.
F. Many heritage sites on land are facing the great threat posed by global warming.
G. Therefore, they suggest that countries should work together to protect heritage sites.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（08）
话题：非洲乞力马扎罗山环保努力初见成效
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 —low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（09）
话题：拯救野生动物白顶鹤
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species（物种）that are 36 every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their 38 . Emma, a female crane, has been in their 39 since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was 40 by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected 41 , though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She 43 to live with male cranes, and even had a 44 for killing some of them, which made it 45 for her to become a mother.
46, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction（灭绝）of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding（人工繁殖）and natural reproduction. This 48 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be 49 , more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 , and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 51 , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we 52 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the 53 : human beings took it for granted that their 54 held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better 55 .
36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove
38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration
40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized
41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice
42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully
43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated
44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation
45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible
46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system
48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled
49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant
50. A. it B. rise C. agenda D. decline
51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary
52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify
53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward
54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects
55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（10）
话题：传承非物质文化遗产--篆刻艺术展
假如你是李华，上周日，为了传承非物质文化遗产（intangible cultural heritage），你校举办了篆刻艺术展。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动时间、地点及参加人员；
2 .活动内容；
3 .活动反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Seal Cutting Art Exhibition
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