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专题08 Unit 5 Humans and Nature 话题阅读(自然灾害+防护救援) 精品导学案(解析版)
【高考说】2021年高考英语依据高中课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，各套试卷围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题考查综合运用能力，试卷融入中华文化、坚定学生“四个自信”；落实五育并举、深化体美劳教育引导；传播正能量，倡导和谐人际关系和科学探究精神。
【作者说】本套《单元话题阅读卷》依据北师大2019版新教材编写，紧扣高考命题方向和教材重点以及最新时政热点材料，希望对你教学有所帮助。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（01）
话题：旅游景点Devon
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms. and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
1. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.
B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
2. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smoke detectors.
B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations
3. In a fire drill, the students should_________.
A. rush quickly to a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit
C. shut the door and leave at once
D. wait for instructions in the hall
4. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
5. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.
A. contact the hall staff regularly
B. cover the things that burn easily
C. start the smoke detector in a fire
D. make certain the red light is working
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（02）
话题：澳大利亚的新南威尔士州旅游景观
From picture-perfect beaches to mountains, wildlife and iconic structures, New South Wales, Australia, offers plenty to enjoy. This beautiful state is located on Australia's breathtaking eastern coast. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales and Australia's most populated city, accommodates more than 5million people.
No trip to Sydney would be complete without a visit to Australia's most famous landmark, the Sydney Opera House. Its unique appearance was designed to resemble a ship's sails and its historic importance is recognized by people all over the world. The Opera House welcomes more than 8 million visitors each year, making it the country's most popular tourist spot. It is also one of the world's busiest performing arts centers, featuring more than 2,000 performances annually.
The Opera House is open 363 days a year, and admission is free. Tours are available throughout the day in seven different languages. For those who arrive hungry, Opera House restaurants offer everything from snacks to fine dining.
“Stunning natural beauty” describes the Blue Mountains of New South Wales. This wilderness area, also on the World Heritage list, is a large, mountainous region that covers 1.03 million hectares. It is home to a vast number of Australia's birds and other forms of wildlife. One of the most visited sites is the Three Sisters, named for its unique rock formations.
Off the coast of New South Wales lies a remote island called Lord Howe Island. Created by a volcano, the island is surrounded by beautiful reefs. Two mountains tower over a bay with sandy, white beaches. Visitors can enjoy beach walks, mountain hikes, water activities (above and below the water), exceptional bird watching and more. About 380 people live on it, and a maximum of 400visitors can visit at one time.
New South Wales offers its visitors an abundance of experiences to choose from and many memories that will last a lifetime.
1. How is the importance of Sydney Opera House expressed?
A. By offering supportive views.
B. By stating personal experiences.
C. By listing facts and numbers.
D. By describing its unique appearance.
2. What can we know about the Opera House?
A. It's highly recommended to bring your own food.
B. Language probably won't be a barrier during tours.
C. The admission fee is acceptable for most people.
D. It is open all year round on account of its popularity.
3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A. New South Wales. B. Lord Howe Island. C. Blue Mountains. D. Three Sisters.
4. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Unforgettable 'Tour in the Opera House.
B. Charming Places to Visit in Sydney.
C. Unique Geographical Features of Australia.
D. Striking Beauty of New South Wales.
1-4 CBBD
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的新南威尔士州，介绍了其澳大利亚最著名的地标悉尼歌剧院的情况以及其它新南威尔士的著名景观。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its unique appearance was designed to resemble a ship's sails and its historic importance is recognized by people all over the world. The Opera House welcomes more than 8 million visitors each year, making it the country's most popular tourist spot. It is also one of the world's busiest performing arts centers, featuring more than 2,000 performances annually.(它独特的外观被设计成船帆的样子，它的历史重要性被全世界的人们所认识。歌剧院每年接待超过800万游客，使其成为英国最受欢迎的旅游景点。它也是世界上最繁忙的表演艺术中心之一，每年有2000多场表演)”可推知，通过列举事实和数字来表达悉尼歌剧院的重要性。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tours are available throughout the day in seven different languages.(全天有七种不同的语言可供游览使用)”可知，语言可能不会是游览歌剧院的障碍。故选B。
6. 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Off the coast of New South Wales lies a remote island called Lord Howe Island. Created by a volcano, the island is surrounded by beautiful reefs. Two mountains tower over a bay with sandy, white beaches. Visitors can enjoy beach walks, mountain hikes, water activities (above and below the water), exceptional bird watching and more.(在新南威尔士州海岸外有一个偏僻的岛屿，叫做豪勋爵岛。这座岛屿由火山形成，四周环绕着美丽的珊瑚礁。两座山耸立在一个有着白色沙滩的海湾上。游客可以在海滩散步、登山、水上活动（水上和水下）、观赏独特的鸟类等等)”以及画线词上文“About 380 people live on”可知，有大约380人住在豪勋爵岛上面，故it指的是“Lord Howe Island”。故选B。
7. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“From picture-perfect beaches to mountains, wildlife and iconic structures, New South Wales, Australia, offers plenty to enjoy. This beautiful state is located on Australia's breathtaking eastern coast. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales and Australia's most populated city, accommodates more than 5million people.(从风景如画的海滩，山脉，野生动物和标志性建筑，新南威尔士州，澳大利亚，提供了很多享受。 这个美丽的州位于澳大利亚令人叹为观止的东海岸。新南威尔士州首府悉尼是澳大利亚人口最多的城市，人口超过500万)”结合文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的新南威尔士州，介绍了其澳大利亚最著名的地标悉尼歌剧院的情况以及其它新南威尔士的著名景观。可知，D选项“新南威尔士引人注目的美丽”最符合文章标题。故选D。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（03）
话题：美国目前和未来洪水风险评估
A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise.
In fact, the study, estimates of present and future flood risk in the United States, found that 41 million U. S. residents are at risk from flooding along rivers. That’s three times more than current estimates based on the flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which primarily maps the areas at risk for 1-in-100-year floods in populous (人口众多的) river basins.
Why does the big difference come into being? As always, it’s all about the data. Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all.
The size of the USA means that flood maps made in this way are incomplete. It would be too expensive and time-consuming to survey every river basin in America. The national-scale flood maps produced by FEMA leave the flood risk of many parts of the country unaccounted for.
For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology that avoids the defects of the FEMA approach, where individual catchments (流域) are studied by making use of big data. The study used a new high-resolution model, produced by the flood-mapping organization Fathom, which copies floods on all rivers across the entire continental United States.
“We were all surprised by how many people are actually exposed to freshwater flooding in the USA,” said Oliver Wing, lead researcher on the study and a PhD student at the University of Bristol. “It’s particularly worrisome considering that most of these people aren’t even aware of the risk they face. This study helps fill that critical information gap.”
1. What did the new paper intend to tell readers?
A. The mistakes made by FEMA.
B. The serious situation of the flood.
C. The populous river basins of the USA.
D. The unseen risk of the flood in the USA.
2. Why is the map produced by FEMA incomplete?
A. It’s dangerous to research all the rivers.
B. The size of the USA is too big.
C. It ignores less populous rivers.
D. The efficiency of making it is low.
3. What does the underlined word “defects” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Shortcomings. B. Potential.
C. Consumption. D. Contributions.
4. What attitude does Oliver Wing have to the study?
A. Critical. B. Supportive.
C. Cautious. D. Uncaring.
1-4 DCAB
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过了一项开创性的方法，对美国目前和未来洪水风险作出新的评估，让人们减少遭受洪水的威胁。
1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A new paper published in Environmental Research Letters has some warning news for people living in the lower 48 states: You may be at risk from river flooding and not even know it until the water starts to rise.(发表在《环境研究快报》上的一篇新论文对居住在美国本土48个州的人们提出了一些警告:你可能面临河流洪水的威胁，但直到洪水开始上涨时你才意识到。)”可推断，这份新报纸打算告诉读者在美国有许多看不见的洪水风险。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A Generally, FEMA prioritizes risk-assessment areas based on their population; reserving expensive field-work methodologies (研究方法) for the more populous river basins, but many other rivers have not yet been mapped at all. (一般来说，联邦应急管理局根据人口对风险评估领域进行优先排序;为人口较多的河流流域保留昂贵的野外研究方法，但许多其他河流还没有绘制地图。)”可推断，联邦应急管理局制作的地图不完整是因为它忽略了人口较少的河流。故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“For this research, scientists from The Nature Conservancy adopted a pioneering methodology (为了这个研究，美国自然保护协会的科学家采用了一种开创性的方法)”并结合上文可知，原来洪水地图的绘制是不科学的，所以此方法避免联邦紧急事务管理局研究方法的缺陷。可以猜测defects为“缺陷”之意。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This study helps fill that critical information gap. (这项研究有助于填补这一关键的信息空白。)”可推断，Oliver Wing对此研究的态度是支持的。故选B。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（04）
话题：Port Lympne保护区黑犀牛现状
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育）programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf（犀牛幼崽）.When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32 kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
2. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A. She loves staying with her mother.
B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition.
D. She is sensitive to heat.
3. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January.
B. They enjoyed exploring new places.
C. They lived with their grandmothers.
D. They were brought to the reserve young.
4. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
1-4 DCAD
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
1. D。推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。
2. C。细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选
3. A。细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。
4. D。推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（05）
话题：拯救火灾受害者——澳大利亚的考拉
The victims were carried in one by one, their paws burned and fur burnt, suffering from dehydration (脱水) and fear. Their caretakers bandaged (用绷带包扎) their wounds and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar — the leaves of a eucalyptus (桉树) tree. As fires have burned more than two million acres in Australia, dozens of koalas have been rescued from burned trees and pale ground. The animals are being treated in rescue centers, and at least one private home, along the country’s east coast.
The difficult situation of the koala — a national symbol of Australia — has raised questions among environmentalists and scientists about what it will take to protect biodiversity (生物多样性) in a country with intense fire, extreme heat and lack of water. Australia has already been among the highest rates of species extinction in the world.
The bad situation goes beyond koalas. Recently, tens of thousands of bats fell from the sky in temperatures over 107 degrees Fahrenheit in northern Australia. Kangaroos destroyed the grapes in Canberra because of drought.
“Climate change and other human impacts have so changed the situation that the government needs to rethink its way to protect at once,” Dr. Bowman said, suggesting interventions (干预) like irrigating, feeding and moving animals to new places.
Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not escape from fires. Therefore, though the fires are still burning, a rescue team began to search the area carefully. Walking in a human chain, they looked up to the tree top, searching for survivors.
1. What do the victims in the first paragraph refer to?
A. Animals injured in fires.
B. Kangaroos driven by drought.
C. Bats that fell from the sky.
D. Koalas rescued from the fire.
2. Which of the following may cause the extinction of wildlife?
A. Wildfires that seldom happened.
B. Extreme hot weather in Australia.
C. The never-changing climate in Australia.
D. Not having enough money to take measures in Australia.
3. What can we draw from Dr. Bowman?
A. Human activities have little influence on animals.
B. The government should take immediate action.
C. The government does not care about the wild animals.
D. Scientists are concerned about the bad situation of wildlife.
4. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Saving the Fire Victims Who Cannot Escape: Australia’s Koalas
B. Saving the Endangered Wild Animals in Australia
C. Actions Needed to Protect Habitat for Koalas
D. National Symbol of Australia Needs Rescue
1-4 DBBA
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍森林火灾肆虐，澳大利亚考拉面临死亡威胁。人们积极努力，拯救那些无法逃离的火灾受害者——澳大利亚的考拉。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar — the leaves of a eucalyptus (桉树) tree.(放在篮子里面有一样它们熟悉的东西——桉树叶。)”第二段“The difficult situation of the koala (考拉的困境)”可知，第一段中的受害者是指从火中救出的考拉。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The difficult situation of the koala — a national symbol of Australia — has raised questions among environmentalists and scientists about what it will take to protect biodiversity (生物多样性) in a country with intense fire, extreme heat and lack of water.”可知，澳大利亚极端高温天气和水资源匮乏，容易遭受大火，所以可能导致野生动物灭绝。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Climate change and other human impacts have so changed the situation that the government needs to rethink its way to protect at once, (气候变化和其他人类影响已经极大地改变了状况，政府需要迫切地重新思考保护方式，)”可知，鲍曼博士认为政府应该立即采取行动。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍森林火灾肆虐，澳大利亚考拉面临死亡威胁。人们积极努力，拯救那些无法逃离的火灾受害者——澳大利亚的考拉。故选A。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（06）
话题：科学家们对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示担忧
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed.
B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.
D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
1-4 AADB
本文是说明文。介绍美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示担忧。
1. A。推理判断题。根据第二段得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。
2. A。推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡。
3. D。词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和crashed倒闭的意思最相近。
4. B。推理判断题。根据第二段得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（07）
话题：气候剧变威胁历史文化遗址
Venice is suffering the worst flooding the city has experienced in 50 years. The city is “on its knees” and Venetian Mayor Luigi Brugnaro tweeted as water submerged (淹没) much of the famous historical city.
While floods are a normal part of life in Venice, they have never happened with such frequency before. Experts say that climate change is likely to blame. 1 The Venetian council voted against a measure to fight climate change just a few moments before their chamber (会议厅) flooded.
Flooding is just one of the many impacts from climate change that is being experienced with more frequency and globally threatens many vulnerable (脆弱的) areas and regions. There is a threat that is not often considered. 2 Natural and man-made heritage sites throughout the world are in danger of being damaged or destroyed by climate change.
3 Some will be hit by flooding, like Venice, others by extreme weather events or rising temperatures. For instance, George Town, the capital of the Malaysian state Penang faces rising sea levels, landslides and more severe typhoons, while Yellowstone ecosystem in the western United States faces melting snows, more frequent wildfires and a changing ecosystem.
Changes in the ocean will have a profound impact on many of these sites. 4 And rising sea levels threaten to wash away many of the world’s great archaeological sites.
Experts say that the solutions to saving these sites will be varied, but many will be very expensive. 5
A. Different ways can be used to save these sites.
B. Climate change will impact these sites in different ways.
C. It is the damage from climate change to the world’s heritage.
D. But putting in place protective measures has proven difficult.
E. Warming water threatens to kill much of the coral in the Great Barrier Reef.
F. Many heritage sites on land are facing the great threat posed by global warming.
G. Therefore, they suggest that countries should work together to protect heritage sites.
1-5 DCBEG
【解析】这是一篇说明文。气候剧变威胁着全球各地的历史文化遗址。拯救刻不容缓。
1. 根据前文“Experts say that climate change is likely to blame.”(专家说气候变化可能是罪魁祸首。)可知，此处是指应采取措施应对气候变化，根据后文“The Venetian council voted against a measure to fight climate change just a few moments before their chamber (会议厅) flooded.”(就在他们的会议厅被淹没的前几分钟，威尼斯议会投票反对一项应对气候变化的措施。)可知，实施应对气候变化的措施很困难，前后形成转折对应选项D中的转折词but。所以选项D“但事实证明，落实保护措施是困难的。”切合文意。故选D。
2. 根据前文“There is a threat that is not often considered.”(存在一种不常被考虑的威胁。)可知，选项C中的it是指一种不常被考虑的威胁，根据后文“Natural and man-made heritage sites throughout the world are in danger of being damaged or destroyed by climate change.”(全世界的自然和人造遗产都面临着被气候变化破坏的危险。)可知，这就是气候变化对世界遗产的破坏，所以选项C“这是气候变化对世界遗产的破坏。”切合文意。故选C。
3. 根据后文“Some will be hit by flooding, like Venice, others by extreme weather events or rising temperatures.”(一些会受到洪水的袭击，比如威尼斯，另一些则会受到极端天气或气温上升的影响。)可知，此处是讲气候变化影响世界遗产的方式有很多，所以选项B“气候变化将以不同的方式影响这些地点。”切合文意。故选B。
4. 根据前文“Changes in the ocean will have a profound impact on many of these sites.”(海洋的变化将对其中许多地点产生深远的影响。)可知，此处是讲海洋变化对世界遗产的影响，根据后文“And rising sea levels threaten to wash away many of the world’s great archaeological sites.”(海平面上升让世界上许多伟大的考古遗址面临被冲走的威胁。)可知，此处是举例说明，所以选项E“变暖的海水威胁着大堡礁的大部分珊瑚。”切合文意。故选E。
5. 根据前文“Experts say that the solutions to saving these sites will be varied, but many will be very expensive.”(专家们说，拯救这些地方的方法多种多样，但其中很多都非常昂贵。)可知，此处是指专家们认为拯救这些地方的方法费用昂贵，所以各个国家应该团结起来保护世界遗产，所以选项G“因此，他们建议各国应共同努力保护遗产地。”切合文意。故选G。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（08）
话题：非洲乞力马扎罗山环保努力初见成效
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 —low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
41--45 DCCBA46-50 CDCAB51-55 DABDA56-60 CBDAB
本文是一篇主题为人与自然的文章。每年有大约4万人去攀登乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了大量垃圾，破坏了环境，甚至导致冰川消失。作者抱着怀疑的态度去攀登此山，却发现与报道的大不一样。
41. 考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来； 根据句意：人们尝试登山，带来了大量的垃圾。故答案为D。
42. 考查名词辨析。A.stories故事；B. buildings 建筑；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。此处指前文提到的about 40,000 people，担心他们会破坏这里的美景，故答案为C。
43. 考查名词辨析。A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face 脸；外观；D. name名字。因为冰川在消失，所以会改变乞力马扎罗山的外观，故答案为C。
44. 考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的；听到这些故事，作者感到不信。因为在下文中作者的所见与报道的完全不一样。故答案为B。
45. 考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论； C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡；下文中much has changed是作者在沿途所看见的，故答案为A。
46. 考查名词辨析。A. equipment设备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stones石头。上文中提到登山者带来的大量垃圾，在垃圾堆中的当然是登山者的营房，故答案为C。
47. 考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. all所有的；D. clean干净的。此处与前文的change呼应，根据下文的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知这里的环境是“干净的”，故答案为D。
48. 考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特别的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。环境挑战是“重大的”，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园的管理者做出的努力也是有了回报。故答案为C。
49. 考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off得到回报；B. spreading out传播出去；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消失。坦桑尼亚国家公园的管理者做出的努力好像有了回报，故答案为A。
50. 考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere气氛；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight风景；本句的isn't reaching the top指的是“体验；经历”，故答案为B。
51. 考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded看作。在很多文化中，山被看作是神圣的地方。be regarded as被看作，故答案为D。
52. 考查名词辨析。A. view风景；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的；在乞力马扎罗山上，这种风景特别明显，因为一个人可以在几公里的空间经历五种生态系统。故答案为A。
53. 考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals本地人；D. officials官员。在山上经历多种生态系统的当然是“登山者”，故答案为B。
54. 考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to坚持；B. going back to回到；C. living up to不辜负；D. giving way to为…让路。此处描述由雨林到低矮的灌木的变化，故答案为D。
55. 考查动词辨析。A. changes变化；B. clears清除；C. improves提高；改善；D. permits允许。此处描述天气的变化，故答案为A。
56. 考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add加。本句中的twelve shades of green是“数”出来的，故答案为C。
57. 考查名词辨析。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠；C. road公路；D. lake湖。冒号后的gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks是“沙漠”的地表特征，故答案为B。
58. 考查形容词辨析。A. Obviously明显的；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后。arctic-like zone是五种生态系统中的最后一种，故答案为D。
59. 考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的；根据常识，山顶上的now and the glaciers是一直存在的。故答案为A。
60. 考查动词辨析。句意：乞力马扎罗山上游人如织，破坏了它的宁静的氛围是名不虚传吗？我看恰恰相反。A. enjoy喜欢；B. deserve值得；C. save救；D. acquire获得。deserve one's reputation名不虚传。故答案为B。
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（09）
话题：拯救野生动物白顶鹤
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species（物种）that are 36 every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their 38 . Emma, a female crane, has been in their 39 since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was 40 by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected 41 , though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She 43 to live with male cranes, and even had a 44 for killing some of them, which made it 45 for her to become a mother.
46, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction（灭绝）of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding（人工繁殖）and natural reproduction. This 48 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be 49 , more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 , and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 51 , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we 52 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the 53 : human beings took it for granted that their 54 held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better 55 .
36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove
38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration
40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized
41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice
42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully
43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated
44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation
45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible
46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system
48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled
49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant
50. A. it B. rise C. agenda D. decline
51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary
52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify
53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward
54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects
55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion
36-40 DBCAC 41-45 BABDD 46-50 CADCD 51-55 BBCAA
36. D 【解析】动词题. 根据下文：going out of existence可知，有的物种每天都在渐渐走向消失（disappear）. 故选D.
37. B. 【解析】动词题. 根据下文：going out of existence可知，科学家正在尽力拯救这些物种，使它们免于（save）灭绝. 故选B.
38. C. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文：helping endangered cranes with 可知，Chris和Tim在一家动物园工作，他们帮助濒危鹤类繁殖. abortion"人工流产"；recreation"娱乐"；reproduction"繁殖"；administration"管理". 故选C.
39. A. 【解析】名词题. 根据上文：helping endangered cranes with一只雌鹤Emma自从2004年来到这里后就一直受他们照顾（care）. 故选A.
40. C. 【解析】动词题. 根据下文：by human caretakers可知，Emma出生在国际鹤类基金会，是被人类护理员养大的（raise）. 故选C.
41. B. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文：and become deeply attached to humans可知，虽然它在那里过得很快乐，但这导致了一个出人意料的后果. bonus"奖励"；consequence"后果"；victory"胜利"；sacrifice"牺牲". 故选B.
42. A. 【解析】副词题. 根据下文：and become deeply attached to humans可知，它从未把自己当作一只鹤，和人类建立了很深的感情. never"从未". 故选A.
43. B. 【解析】动词题. 根据下文：它拒绝（refused）和雄鹤一起生活，甚至因为会杀掉它们而出名，这让Emma无法成为母亲. 故选B.
44. D. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文：它拒绝和雄鹤一起生活，甚至因为会杀掉它们而出名，这让Emma无法成为母亲. gift"天赋"；skill"技巧"；concern"担心"；reputation"名声". 故选D.
45. D. 【解析】形容词题. 根据下文：killing some of them可知，它拒绝和雄鹤一起生活，甚至因为会杀掉它们而名，这让Emma无法成为母亲. illegal"非法的"；inspiring"鼓励人心的"；important"重要的"；impossible"不可能的". 故选D.
46. C. 【解析】副词题. 根据下文：the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction 可知，但是这两位动物管理员不想看见这个珍贵的物种灭绝. Therefore"因此"；Moreover"此外"；However"但是"；Instead"反而". 故选C.
47. A. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文： artificial breeding（人工繁殖） and natural reproduction在耐心和努力下，他们成功地结合了人工繁殖和天然生育. combination"结合"；collection"收集"；strategy"策略"；system"系统". 故选A.
48. D. 【解析】动词题. 根据下文：to give birth to five baby cranes可知，这让Emma能够生出5只婴儿鹤. forced"强迫"；forbade"禁止"；taught"教育"；enabled"让……能". 故选D.
49. C. 【解析】形容词题. 根据下文：because the population of the crane in the wild ，但是在放心之前，他们必须做出更多努力，因为野外的鹤类数量依然在下降，而且许多其他物种似乎也在走向灭绝. defeated"失败的"；grateful"感激的"；assured"放心的"；tolerant"宽容的". 故选C.
50. D. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文：appear headed toward extinction可知，但是在放心之前，他们必须做出更多努力，因为野外的鹤类数量依然在下降（decline），而且许多其他物种似乎也在走向灭绝. agenda"日程". 故选D.
51. B. 【解析】短语题. 根据下文：not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，可知，毕竟不是所有人都能意识到野生动物也有思想、感情，以及最重要的，同等的生存权利. In contrast"相反"；Afterall"毕竟"；By the way"顺便一提"；On the contrary"相反地". 故选B.
52. B. 【解析】动词题. 根据下文：ever﹣widening gap that separates us from other animals可知，我们该如何消除与其他动物之间不断拉大的距离呢. leave"离开"；bridge"消除"；open"打开"；identify"认出". 故选B.
53. C. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文：human beings took it for granted 可知，Chris和Tim给了我们答案. course"课程"；excuse"借口"；answer"答案"；reward"奖励". 故选C.
54. A. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文： all the solutions， but maybe人类认为自己的大脑内储藏着所有的解决方法，但或许跟随内心才能更好地指导前路. brains"大脑"；behaviors"行动"；services"服务"；projects"项目". 故选A.
55. A. 【解析】名词题. 根据下文：their hearts can be a better可知，人类认为自己的大脑内储藏着所有的解决方法，但或许跟随内心才能更好地指导前路. guide"指导"；treat"款待"；example"例子"；companion"伴侣". 故选A.
自然灾害+防护救援类话题阅读（10）
话题：传承非物质文化遗产--篆刻艺术展
假如你是李华，上周日，为了传承非物质文化遗产（intangible cultural heritage），你校举办了篆刻艺术展。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动时间、地点及参加人员；
2 .活动内容；
3 .活动反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Seal Cutting Art Exhibition
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One possible version:
In order to inherit intangible cultural heritage, our school held a seal cutting art exhibition in the library last Sunday. All the students participated in it.
During the exhibition, various kinds of Chinese characters carved into small squares of stone and stamped onto the paper with ink were on show. What's more, opportunities were provided for students to learn the basics of seal cutting.
Thanks to this rewarding activity, we students were aware of the responsibilities we shouldered to inherit intangible cultural heritage.
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