|
|
专题06 Unit 6 The Admirable话题阅读(人物传记+医学健康) 精品导学案(原卷版)
【高考说】2021年高考英语依据高中课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，各套试卷围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题考查综合运用能力，试卷融入中华文化、坚定学生“四个自信”；落实五育并举、深化体美劳教育引导；传播正能量，倡导和谐人际关系和科学探究精神。
【作者说】本套《单元话题阅读卷》依据北师大2019版新教材编写，紧扣高考命题方向和教材重点以及最新时政热点材料，希望对你教学有所帮助。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（01）
Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life-his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career（职业）in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until1980-32 years into his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might he just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A. He enjoyed watching movies.
B. He was eager to earn money.
C. He wanted to be like his uncle.
D. He felt he was good at acting.
2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A. He directed some high quality movies.
B. He avoided taking on new challenges.
C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.
D. He became a successful comedy actor.
3. What does Nielsen's career story tell us?
A. Art is long, life is short.
B. He who laughs last laughs longest.
C. It's never too late to learn.
D. Where there's a will there's a way.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（02）
Ieoh Ming Pei, one of the last great modernist architects, has died aged 102.Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s.
Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed. But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over. His glass pyramid outside the Louvre, completed in 1989, is now one of Paris' most famous landmarks.
Pei was born in China in 1917 into a wealthy family. His father was a banker. His artistic mother—a calligrapher and musician—had the greater influence on him. Despite not speaking English, he moved to the US at the age of 18 to study at Pennsylvania, MIT and Harvard. He worked as a research scientist for the US government during World War Two, and went on to work as an architect, founding his own firm in 1955.He carried on working well into old age, creating one of his most famous masterpieces—the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar—in his 80s.
He has designed buildings, hotels, schools and other structures across North America, Asia and Europe. His other work includes Dallas City Hall and Japan's Miho Museum. His style was influenced by his love of Islamic architecture. His favoured building materials were glass and steel, with a combination of concrete.
He won a variety of awards and prizes for his buildings, including the AIA Gold Medal, the Praemium Imperiale for Architecture. In 1983 Pei was given the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize for giving the 20th century some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms. He used his $100,000 prize money to start a scholarship fund for Chinese students to study architecture in America. In person, Pei was always neatly dressed, good-tempered, charming and unusually modest.
1. What do we know about Pei and his work on the Louvre Museum?
A. The French approved of his designs at first.
B. Pei was the only foreign expert employed by the Louvre.
C. Pei made use of glass in his designs.
D. Pei retired after completing the work.
2. Which is the correct order of time for the following facts in the passage?
①He received the Pritzker Architecture Prize. ②He founded his own firm.
③He created the Museum of Islamic Art ④He worked as a research scientist.
A. ①③②④ B. ④①②③
C. ④②①③ D. ①④③②
3. What words can be used to describe Pei according to the passage?
A. Productive and humorous. B. Generous and modest.
C. Determined and outgoing. D. Attractive and responsible.
4. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Louvre Pyramid Architect Dies Aged 102 B. Prizes Awarded to Pei
C. Landmarks Created by Pei D. A Famous Architect Passed Away
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（03）
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
1. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.
4. What can we learn from Jenifer's story?
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（04）
Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett”.
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued（起诉）for her freedom.
While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom — the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendant（后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet’s tombstone, still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal. ”
1. What led to Mumbet running away from the Ashleys?
A. Finding a new employer. B. Wanting to be a lawyer.
C. Being abused and angry. D. Attending to her sister.
2. What influence did the discussion of the new constitution have on Mumbet?
A. It helped Mumbet to better serve the Ashleys.
B. It reminded Mumbet to win her equality and freedom.
C. It caused Mumbet to violate the new constitution.
D. It helped Mumbet to apply for a job smoothly.
3. What do we know about Mumbet after the trial?
A. She chose to work for a lawyer.
B. She became a writer in her own field.
C. She founded the NAACP for her grandchildren.
D. She jumped at the chance to be a paid employee.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.
B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.
C. The life of a brave African American woman.
D. A trial that shocked the whole world.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（05）
Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “Persons with a higher education tend to have better jobs, and better income, better benefits,” said David R. Williams, a professor of public health in America.
Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as having the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life,” Williams said. They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with it — such as access to a health club to exercise away the stress — than people with less education, he said.
“Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine,” said Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness. “Modem medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it harder to effectively understand your medical care.”
A report issued by Williams’ commission found that, compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be less than very good health. The report suggested that factors outside the medical system play an important role in determining people’s health. Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn’t enough to improve health. What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education — encouraging people to obtain more education.
1．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Poor Education May Lead to Poor Health
B．Higher Education Can Bring More Income
C．Happiness Comes from Good Education
D．Medical Care Safeguards Good Health
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Resources to deal with life.
B．Ways to exercise away stress.
C．Factors concerning a higher education.
D．Benefits related to a higher education.
3．What can we learn from Angner’s words?
A．Better education means understanding the world better.
B．Modem medicine world is too difficult to understand.
C．People with a good education may be happier.
D．Reading skills help in understanding medical care.
4．What is stressed in the report issued by Williams’ commission?
A．Adults are less likely to have good health.
B．The medical system determines people’s health.
C．More education is needed to improve health.
D．More access to medical care is important.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（06）
Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to research published by an American research center.
“This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success," said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study. "It could also bring about health implications in the long run.”
Previous research has suggested that teens' social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal （因果的）-it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens' relationships with their peers （同龄人）, rather than on their relationships with teachers.
To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in the U.S. that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3,400 pairs of siblings（兄弟姐妹）. As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers?" As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.
Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.
The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students. "This is not something that most teachers receive much training in," Kim said, “but it should be.”
1．What does the underlined word “implications" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Recipes. B．Habits. C．Benefits. D．Risks.
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Poor health in adolescence.
B．Limitations of the previous research.
C．Teens' relationships with their peers.
D．Factors affecting health in adulthood.
3．What does Kim's research show?
A．Good adult health depends on teens' good teachers.
B．Good family background promises long-term adult health.
C．Healthy peer relationships leads to students' academic success.
D．Positive student-teacher relationship helps students' adult health.
4．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A health magazine. B．A medical report.
C．A term paper. D．A family survey.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（07）
Living in a green area can make you live longer, according to research published today. The research also shows that the difference in life expectancy(预期寿命) between rich and poor becomes smaller among those who live in an environment with parks and trees.
Richard Mitchell, from Glasgow University and his colleagues, found that the gap between the number of deaths of people on high incomes and the number of deaths of those on low incomes in green areas was half that compared with figures relating to built-up areas.
Green spaces, classified by the researchers as “open, undeveloped land with natural vegetation”, encouraged people to walk and be more active Exercise in these settings could have greater benefits than exercise elsewhere, the researchers said.
The benefits potentially go beyond exercise. Studies have shown that being around green spaces can reduce blood pressure and stress levels, and possibly help patients recover faster.
A number of researchers have looked at the effects of greenery on our well-being. But few studies had looked at whether living in green areas reduced health inequalities, the Glasgowteam said.
Using information from a land-use database of 2001, the researchers divided the pre-retirement population of England into four groups according to income level, and five groups according to access to green space. They then looked at death rate for 2001-2005.
They found that the inequality in death rate from all causes relating to lack of money was less in those populations in the greenest areas compared with the figures for people living in more built-up places. They found an even stronger relationship when it came to deaths from certain diseases such as heart conditions and stroke(中风). There was no difference, however death cancer.
The researchers said that changing the physical environment was an easier way to fight against poor health than using media campaigns or giving out information on health. “The result of the study is clear: Environments that promote good health might be very important in the fight to reduce health inequalities.”
1．The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refers to______.
A．the gap B．the number of deaths
C．the income D．the living area
2．What was the special point of the Glasgow team’s research?
A．They offered a scientific definition of green spaces.
B．They encouraged people to exercise in green areas.
C．They studied the effects of greenery on people’s health.
D．They focused on the influence of greenery on health inequalities.
3．What advice would the researchers probably give according to the last paragraph?
A．More health information should be given to the public.
B．People should take more exercise every day.
C．More trees and grass should be planted in cities.
D．People should help to fight against health problems.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People should live in green areas.
B．Green spaces promote good health.
C．Income influences health less than environment.
D．Exercise in green areas benefits people a lot.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（08）
Many people have the habit of browsing the Internet on their phones before going to sleep. Even though you might have important things to plan for the next day, this habit is actually very unhealthy.
There are a number of studies and researches about the effects of the longer use of mobile phones at night. One of these is about the health and well-being of humans, which shows negative findings about this kind of subject. Mobile phones’ radiation has become popular to those who are always aware of its damaging and harmful effects that can actually harm people in the long run. This issue is extremely alarming and disturbing; especially when the radiation happens to someone, it becomes seriously dangerous. The blue lights from your mobile phones contain numerous severe health issues.
Blue lights have been included in the light spectrum(光谱) which is commonly a group of colors in the ray of light and it only shows that there is no difference between exposing to the sun and using our mobile phones, because they both contain blue lights. In some way, being exposed to that kind of light at night is extremely harmful to the eyes.
Such light at night results in disturbing sleep and increasing the risk of cancer. Melatonin(褪黑激素) is the natural weapon of the body in fighting against cancer. However, it is being blocked by the blue lights. If this happens once, it might become a big health problem, so you have to put in mind that using mobile phones continuously at night leads to severe health issues.
It is not really that bad to use your mobile phones at night if there is an emergency or an urgent need to use it. The important thing is to just minimize your time with your mobile phone for your entire health.
1．What do researchers think may make the longer use of phones at night more harmful?
A．Exposure to the sun. B．Radiation.
C．Disturbing sleep. D．Melatonin.
2．Why is exposure to the sun similar to using mobile phones?
A．Blue lights from them do harm to our eyes.
B．Their lights are made up of the same color.
C．The light from them is called the light spectrum.
D．They both have bad effects on our health.
3．What will happen if melatonin fails to work properly?
A．We will be disturbed by depression.
B．We are bound to be infected with cancer.
C．We may be troubled by some health problems.
D．Melatonin will fight against blue lights.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．There will be more studies about using phones.
B．It is harmful to frequently browse the Internet.
C．More bad habits are connected with using phones.
D．We should limit phone use before bedtime.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（09）
Older women who walk a little over three kilometers each day might live longer than less active women of the same age, a new study suggests.
Many Americans hoping to stay healthy set a daily goal of 10, 000 steps, or about eight kilometers. They often have this goal because they are wearing electronic devices which set that target, note researchers in the United States. Their findings appeared recently in the publication JAMA Internal Medicine.
But it is not clear how much intensity(强度)or speed matter when counting the health benefits of every step, the researchers write. They add that 10,000 steps per day might not be the right goal for everyone.
For the study, researchers observed 17,000 women, all in their early 70s. They asked the women to wear accelerometers for at least four days. Accelerometers are small devices that measure the number of steps and the intensity of movement. The researchers followed up with the women much later, around 4. 3 years later, on average. Since the beginning of the study, 504 women had died. Compared to women who took no more than 2, 718 steps daily, the women who took at least 4,363 steps per day were 41 percent less likely to die.
“Even a modest amount of steps is associated with lower death rates, "said I-Min Lee, the lead writer of a report on the study. "The rate of stepping did not matter in these older women: it was the number of steps that mattered.
The study had a few limitations. For example, the researchers only measured women’s movements once, at the start of the study period. It is possible that the women’s behaviors changed over time. Still, the results are "good news for older adults who may have difficulty walking at faster paces, "said Keith Diaz, a researcher at Columbia University. He was not involved in the study.
“Any walking is better than nothing, " Diaz said by email. "With even small amounts of walking, your risk of death will be sharply reduced "For those who have difficulty walking, other research shows that any form of aerobic activity provides health benefits," he added. "Swimming, bicycling or any form of activity that is continuous in nature will provide health benefits.
1. What conclusion can we come to from the text?
A. People who walk about 10,000 steps can live longer.
B. 10,000 steps per day might be the right goal for people.
C. The more steps one walks per day, the longer life he may live.
D. The number of steps is important for a long life among older women.
2. How is paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A. By giving examples. B. By comparison.
C. By listing statistics. D. By explaining reasons.
3. What can be leaned from what Diaz said?
A. People who walk fast will get more health benefits.
B. If people have a habit of walking, the risk of death will be reduced.
C. People with walking difficulty can not benefit from activities
D. Activities such as swimming and bicycling are not as beneficial as walking.
4. Where is the text most likely from?
A. A medical journal. B. A news report.
C. A magazine about fashion. D. A traveler brochure.
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（10）
Ask any group of teenagers in the UK what they most like to eat, and foods like pizzas, curries, pasta, burgers and chips are bound to get mentioned and many young people would probably also list hanging out at the local fast food restaurant as one of their favorite pastimes (消遣).
But what teenagers like to eat is not necessarily what they should be eating. According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories. Meanwhile their intake of starchy carbohydrates (含大淀粉的碳水水化合物),fibre, iron, vitamins and calcium is too low.
For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium, such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is particularly important as calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones. Similarly, foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies, so red meat. bread, green vegetables, dried fruit and tonified （使增强体质的）breakfast cereals are also recommended.
It is during our teenage years that habits of lifestyle can become entrenched (根深蒂固的），so it is crucial (全关重要的）that young people are educated about what foods arc good for them. In 2005, in an attempt 10 change eating habits and open teenagers’ minds to new flavours and new tastes. celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a "Feed Me Better” campaign. As part of a television series Jamle School drivers. he worked with teachers and cooks in a number of schools across the UK to provide more healthy. nutritious school meal options. Although there was initial resistance from sonic teenagers and parents. the campaign was generally hailed （把...... 誉为）as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals.
No one expects to end the teenage love affair with fast and junk food but. hopefully, if projects "Feed Me Better" and the government's own "Change for Life" campaign continue to give out the right messages, more young people will understand the importance of balancing occasional treats with healthier food options.
1. From the first two paragraphs we can know that.
A. British teenagers eat too much junk food
B. British teenagers need to take in more calcium
C. what British teenagers like to eat is probably what their bodies need
D British teenagers should reduce their intake of starchy carbohydrates
2. To build healthy strong bodies, young people need .
A.a lot of fibre B. calcium and iron
C. carbohydrates D. vitamins
3. According to the article, Jamie Oliver launched a campaign at schools to .
A. show off his excellent cooking skills
B. teach students how to cook nutritious meals
C. introduce governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals
D. draw the public's attention to the importance of nutritious school meals
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?
A. Teenagers shouldn't eat any junk food at all.
B. It is difficult to make children understand the importance of a healthy diet.
C. It is OK to eat a little bit junk food. as long as you eat healthily most of the time.
D. Our eating habits are developed in our teenage years and then influence our lifestyle
|
|
川公网安备51152402000101号 )|网站地图
发表于