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专题06 Unit 6 The Admirable话题阅读(人物传记+医学健康) 精品导学案(解析版)
【高考说】2021年高考英语依据高中课程标准和中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，深化对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，各套试卷围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题考查综合运用能力，试卷融入中华文化、坚定学生“四个自信”；落实五育并举、深化体美劳教育引导；传播正能量，倡导和谐人际关系和科学探究精神。
【作者说】本套《单元话题阅读卷》依据北师大2019版新教材编写，紧扣高考命题方向和教材重点以及最新时政热点材料，希望对你教学有所帮助。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（01）
Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life-his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career（职业）in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until1980-32 years into his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might he just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A. He enjoyed watching movies.
B. He was eager to earn money.
C. He wanted to be like his uncle.
D. He felt he was good at acting.
2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A. He directed some high quality movies.
B. He avoided taking on new challenges.
C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.
D. He became a successful comedy actor.
3. What does Nielsen's career story tell us?
A. Art is long, life is short.
B. He who laughs last laughs longest.
C. It's never too late to learn.
D. Where there's a will there's a way.
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting”可知，尼尔森的叔叔所受到的赞赏和尊敬激励着尼尔森。由此可知，尼尔森想成为一名演员受到叔叔的影响。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when ...”可知，尼尔森在其事业的后半段因为电影Airplane而成为一名成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。
3.D 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了尼尔森受叔叔的影响在进入演艺圈，并且32年后因一部电影让其喜剧天分发挥到极致而一举成名，从而实现了他想成为喜剧演员的梦想。由此可知，有志者事竟成。故选D。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（02）
Ieoh Ming Pei, one of the last great modernist architects, has died aged 102.Although he worked mostly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered for a European project: his redevelopment of the Louvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s.
Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed. But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over. His glass pyramid outside the Louvre, completed in 1989, is now one of Paris' most famous landmarks.
Pei was born in China in 1917 into a wealthy family. His father was a banker. His artistic mother—a calligrapher and musician—had the greater influence on him. Despite not speaking English, he moved to the US at the age of 18 to study at Pennsylvania, MIT and Harvard. He worked as a research scientist for the US government during World War Two, and went on to work as an architect, founding his own firm in 1955.He carried on working well into old age, creating one of his most famous masterpieces—the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar—in his 80s.
He has designed buildings, hotels, schools and other structures across North America, Asia and Europe. His other work includes Dallas City Hall and Japan's Miho Museum. His style was influenced by his love of Islamic architecture. His favoured building materials were glass and steel, with a combination of concrete.
He won a variety of awards and prizes for his buildings, including the AIA Gold Medal, the Praemium Imperiale for Architecture. In 1983 Pei was given the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize for giving the 20th century some of its most beautiful interior spaces and exterior forms. He used his $100,000 prize money to start a scholarship fund for Chinese students to study architecture in America. In person, Pei was always neatly dressed, good-tempered, charming and unusually modest.
1. What do we know about Pei and his work on the Louvre Museum?
A. The French approved of his designs at first.
B. Pei was the only foreign expert employed by the Louvre.
C. Pei made use of glass in his designs.
D. Pei retired after completing the work.
2. Which is the correct order of time for the following facts in the passage?
①He received the Pritzker Architecture Prize. ②He founded his own firm.
③He created the Museum of Islamic Art ④He worked as a research scientist.
A. ①③②④ B. ④①②③
C. ④②①③ D. ①④③②
3. What words can be used to describe Pei according to the passage?
A. Productive and humorous. B. Generous and modest.
C. Determined and outgoing. D. Attractive and responsible.
4. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Louvre Pyramid Architect Dies Aged 102 B. Prizes Awarded to Pei
C. Landmarks Created by Pei D. A Famous Architect Passed Away
1-4 CCBA
1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句His glass pyramid outside the Louvre, completed in 1989, is now one of Paris' most famous landmarks.可知贝聿铭在他的设计中使用了玻璃。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“… and went on to work as an architect, founding his own firm in 1955.可知1955年，他创办了自己的公司，之后成为一名建筑师；根据最后一段中In 1983 Pei was given the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize可知贝聿铭在63岁时被授予普利兹克建筑奖；根据第三段最后一句He ……creating one of his most famous masterpieces—the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar—in his 80s.可知贝聿铭80多岁创作了卡塔尔多哈的伊斯兰艺术博物馆。故顺序为④②①③，选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句He used his $100,000 prize money to start a scholarship fund for Chinese students to study architecture in America.可知贝聿铭是非常慷慨大方的；文章最后一句In person, Pei was always neatly dressed, good-tempered, charming and unusually modest.可知贝聿铭总是衣着整洁，脾气好，富有魅力，而且非常谦虚。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句Ieoh Ming Pei, one of the last great modernist architects, has died aged 102.（贝聿铭，最后一位伟大的现代主义建筑师之一，去世，享年102岁。）以及文章主要为介绍贝聿铭的生平事迹可知A选项符合题意。故选A。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（03）
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
1. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.
4. What can we learn from Jenifer's story?
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
1-4 CABC
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（04）
Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett”.
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued（起诉）for her freedom.
While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom — the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendant（后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet’s tombstone, still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal. ”
1. What led to Mumbet running away from the Ashleys?
A. Finding a new employer. B. Wanting to be a lawyer.
C. Being abused and angry. D. Attending to her sister.
2. What influence did the discussion of the new constitution have on Mumbet?
A. It helped Mumbet to better serve the Ashleys.
B. It reminded Mumbet to win her equality and freedom.
C. It caused Mumbet to violate the new constitution.
D. It helped Mumbet to apply for a job smoothly.
3. What do we know about Mumbet after the trial?
A. She chose to work for a lawyer.
B. She became a writer in her own field.
C. She founded the NAACP for her grandchildren.
D. She jumped at the chance to be a paid employee.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.
B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.
C. The life of a brave African American woman.
D. A trial that shocked the whole world.
1-4 CBAC
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了生来就是奴隶的伊丽莎白•弗里曼为了获得自由和平等的权力而进行勇敢的斗争，最后终于获得自由的故事。
1. 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back.”（ 一天，阿什利的妻子试图用铁锹打芒贝的妹妹。芒贝保护了她的妹妹，反而受到了打击。她怒气冲冲地离开了房子，拒绝回来。）可知芒贝逃跑的原因是自己和妹妹受到了虐待且很生气，故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。通过文章第三段“While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.”（ 在为阿什利一家服务时，芒贝听了许多关于马萨诸塞州新宪法的讨论。如果宪法规定人人自由平等，那么她认为宪法应该适用于她。）可知新宪法提醒玛贝特要赢得平等和自由。故选B项
3. 细节理解题。文章第四段第一，二句“Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.”（奇怪的是，审判结束后，阿什利一家要求玛贝特回来，作为一名有薪雇员为他们工作。她拒绝了，转而为塞奇威克工作。）说明玛贝特拒绝了成为有薪雇员，转而为律师塞奇威克工作。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.”伊丽莎白·弗里曼大约在1742年出生，父母都是奴隶。根据第三段“ Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom — the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.”最终，玛贝特赢得了她的自由——她是马萨诸塞州根据新宪法获得自由的第一个奴隶。根据第四段“ Mumbet died in 1829, ”1829年去世。所以短文主要是关于一位勇敢的非裔美国女性的一生。故选C项。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（05）
Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “Persons with a higher education tend to have better jobs, and better income, better benefits,” said David R. Williams, a professor of public health in America.
Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as having the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life,” Williams said. They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with it — such as access to a health club to exercise away the stress — than people with less education, he said.
“Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine,” said Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness. “Modem medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it harder to effectively understand your medical care.”
A report issued by Williams’ commission found that, compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be less than very good health. The report suggested that factors outside the medical system play an important role in determining people’s health. Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn’t enough to improve health. What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education — encouraging people to obtain more education.
1．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Poor Education May Lead to Poor Health
B．Higher Education Can Bring More Income
C．Happiness Comes from Good Education
D．Medical Care Safeguards Good Health
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Resources to deal with life.
B．Ways to exercise away stress.
C．Factors concerning a higher education.
D．Benefits related to a higher education.
3．What can we learn from Angner’s words?
A．Better education means understanding the world better.
B．Modem medicine world is too difficult to understand.
C．People with a good education may be happier.
D．Reading skills help in understanding medical care.
4．What is stressed in the report issued by Williams’ commission?
A．Adults are less likely to have good health.
B．The medical system determines people’s health.
C．More education is needed to improve health.
D．More access to medical care is important.
这是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据表明，受教育程度低的成年人也可能健康状况不佳。
1．A 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. (越来越多的证据表明，受教育程度低的成年人也可能健康状况不佳)”可知，文章主要是讲受教育程度低的成年人也可能健康状况不佳，所以选项A是最好的标题。故选A。
2．D 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as having the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. (他说，这些好处不仅包括健康方面的好处，还包括其他一些因素，比如可以灵活地休一天假，或抽出一天时间去看医生)”可知，第二段是讲与高等教育相关的好处。故选D。
3．D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it harder to effectively understand your medical care. (如果你缺乏在医疗保健环境中充分发挥作用所需的基本阅读技能，你可能会发现更难以有效地理解你的医疗保健)”可知，阅读技巧有助于理解医疗护理。故选D。
4．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education — encouraging people to obtain more education. (他们建议，现在需要的是加强对学校和教育的关注——鼓励人们接受更多的教育)”可知，这份报告中强调需要更多的教育来改善健康。故选C。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（06）
Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to research published by an American research center.
“This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success," said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study. "It could also bring about health implications in the long run.”
Previous research has suggested that teens' social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal （因果的）-it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens' relationships with their peers （同龄人）, rather than on their relationships with teachers.
To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in the U.S. that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3,400 pairs of siblings（兄弟姐妹）. As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers?" As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.
Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.
The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students. "This is not something that most teachers receive much training in," Kim said, “but it should be.”
1．What does the underlined word “implications" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Recipes. B．Habits. C．Benefits. D．Risks.
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Poor health in adolescence.
B．Limitations of the previous research.
C．Teens' relationships with their peers.
D．Factors affecting health in adulthood.
3．What does Kim's research show?
A．Good adult health depends on teens' good teachers.
B．Good family background promises long-term adult health.
C．Healthy peer relationships leads to students' academic success.
D．Positive student-teacher relationship helps students' adult health.
4．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A health magazine. B．A medical report.
C．A term paper. D．A family survey.
本文是说明文。文章介绍根据美国研究中心发表的一项研究，与老师有良好的支持性关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好。
1．C 词义猜测题。根据第二段“‘This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success," said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study. "It could also bring about health implications in the long run.’”（该研究的作者、高丽大学教授Jinho Kim说:“这项研究表明，改善学生与老师的关系除了学业上的成功之外，还能产生积极而持久的影响。”“从长远来看，它还会对健康产生影响）得知，此处说的是提升与老师关系融洽对学生健康有益，由此可知画线词词义为“益处”，故选C。
2．B 主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal （因果的）-it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood.”（然而,目前尚不清楚是否青少年人际关系和终身健康之间的联系是因果的)——可能是其他因素,如不同的家庭背景,可能导致关系问题在青春期和成年健康状况不佳）得知，第三段主要在说先前研究的局限性，故选B。
3．D 细节理解题。根据第五段“Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s.”（Kim发现，那些在初中和高中与同龄人和老师关系都较好的参与者，在他们25岁左右的时候，身体和心理健康状况也较好）得知，积极的师生关系帮助学生成年时健康，故选D。
4．A 推理判断题。根据第二段“Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to research published by an American research center.”（根据美国研究中心发表的一项研究，与老师有良好的支持性关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好）得知，关于学生身心健康的研究可能来自健康杂志，故选A。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（07）
Living in a green area can make you live longer, according to research published today. The research also shows that the difference in life expectancy(预期寿命) between rich and poor becomes smaller among those who live in an environment with parks and trees.
Richard Mitchell, from Glasgow University and his colleagues, found that the gap between the number of deaths of people on high incomes and the number of deaths of those on low incomes in green areas was half that compared with figures relating to built-up areas.
Green spaces, classified by the researchers as “open, undeveloped land with natural vegetation”, encouraged people to walk and be more active Exercise in these settings could have greater benefits than exercise elsewhere, the researchers said.
The benefits potentially go beyond exercise. Studies have shown that being around green spaces can reduce blood pressure and stress levels, and possibly help patients recover faster.
A number of researchers have looked at the effects of greenery on our well-being. But few studies had looked at whether living in green areas reduced health inequalities, the Glasgowteam said.
Using information from a land-use database of 2001, the researchers divided the pre-retirement population of England into four groups according to income level, and five groups according to access to green space. They then looked at death rate for 2001-2005.
They found that the inequality in death rate from all causes relating to lack of money was less in those populations in the greenest areas compared with the figures for people living in more built-up places. They found an even stronger relationship when it came to deaths from certain diseases such as heart conditions and stroke(中风). There was no difference, however death cancer.
The researchers said that changing the physical environment was an easier way to fight against poor health than using media campaigns or giving out information on health. “The result of the study is clear: Environments that promote good health might be very important in the fight to reduce health inequalities.”
1．The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refers to______.
A．the gap B．the number of deaths
C．the income D．the living area
2．What was the special point of the Glasgow team’s research?
A．They offered a scientific definition of green spaces.
B．They encouraged people to exercise in green areas.
C．They studied the effects of greenery on people’s health.
D．They focused on the influence of greenery on health inequalities.
3．What advice would the researchers probably give according to the last paragraph?
A．More health information should be given to the public.
B．People should take more exercise every day.
C．More trees and grass should be planted in cities.
D．People should help to fight against health problems.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People should live in green areas.
B．Green spaces promote good health.
C．Income influences health less than environment.
D．Exercise in green areas benefits people a lot.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要是讲研究表明绿色空间促进健康。
1．A 指代猜测题。根据第二段第一句中“the gap between the number of deaths of people on high incomes and the number of deaths of those on low incomes in green areas was half that compared with figures relating to built-up areas”（绿色区域高收入人群的死亡人数与低收入人群的死亡人数之间的差距是建成区数字的一半）可知，that是指前文中提到的the gap，是指建成区的高收入人群的死亡人数与低收入人群的死亡人数之间的差距。故选A。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第五段“A number of researchers have looked at the effects of greenery on our well-being. But few studies had looked at whether living in green areas reduced health inequalities, the Glasgowteam said.”（一些研究人员研究了绿色植物对我们健康的影响。但格拉斯哥团队表示，很少有研究关注生活在绿色地区是否减少了健康不平等。）可知，格拉斯哥团队的研究的特殊之处在于他们重点关注了绿色植物对健康不平等现象的影响。故选D。
3．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The result of the study is clear: Environments that promote good health might be very important in the fight to reduce health inequalities.”（这项研究的结果很清楚：促进良好健康的环境在减少健康不平等的斗争中可能非常重要。）可知，研究者可能给出的建议是在城市中多种植树木花草。故选C。
4．B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Living in a green area can make you live longer, according to research published today. ”（今日公布的一项研究表明，生活在绿色的环境中可以让你活得更长。）可知，文章主要是讲绿色空间促进健康。故选B。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（08）
Many people have the habit of browsing the Internet on their phones before going to sleep. Even though you might have important things to plan for the next day, this habit is actually very unhealthy.
There are a number of studies and researches about the effects of the longer use of mobile phones at night. One of these is about the health and well-being of humans, which shows negative findings about this kind of subject. Mobile phones’ radiation has become popular to those who are always aware of its damaging and harmful effects that can actually harm people in the long run. This issue is extremely alarming and disturbing; especially when the radiation happens to someone, it becomes seriously dangerous. The blue lights from your mobile phones contain numerous severe health issues.
Blue lights have been included in the light spectrum(光谱) which is commonly a group of colors in the ray of light and it only shows that there is no difference between exposing to the sun and using our mobile phones, because they both contain blue lights. In some way, being exposed to that kind of light at night is extremely harmful to the eyes.
Such light at night results in disturbing sleep and increasing the risk of cancer. Melatonin(褪黑激素) is the natural weapon of the body in fighting against cancer. However, it is being blocked by the blue lights. If this happens once, it might become a big health problem, so you have to put in mind that using mobile phones continuously at night leads to severe health issues.
It is not really that bad to use your mobile phones at night if there is an emergency or an urgent need to use it. The important thing is to just minimize your time with your mobile phone for your entire health.
1．What do researchers think may make the longer use of phones at night more harmful?
A．Exposure to the sun. B．Radiation.
C．Disturbing sleep. D．Melatonin.
2．Why is exposure to the sun similar to using mobile phones?
A．Blue lights from them do harm to our eyes.
B．Their lights are made up of the same color.
C．The light from them is called the light spectrum.
D．They both have bad effects on our health.
3．What will happen if melatonin fails to work properly?
A．We will be disturbed by depression.
B．We are bound to be infected with cancer.
C．We may be troubled by some health problems.
D．Melatonin will fight against blue lights.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．There will be more studies about using phones.
B．It is harmful to frequently browse the Internet.
C．More bad habits are connected with using phones.
D．We should limit phone use before bedtime.
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在夜晚使用手机会给人的身体健康带来危害。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Mobile phones’ radiation has become popular to those who are always aware of its damaging and harmful effects that can actually harm people in the long run.” （对于那些一直意识到其破坏性和有害影响的人来说，手机辐射已经变得很流行，从长远来看，它实际上会对人造成伤害。）和最后一句“The blue lights from your mobile phones contain numerous severe health issues. ” （手机发出的蓝光包含许多严重的健康问题。）由此可知，是手机辐射给在夜里长时间使用手机的人带来危害，故选B。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“there is no difference between exposing to the sun and using our mobile phones, because they both contain blue lights... harmful to the eyes” （这只是表明暴露在太阳下和使用手机没有区别，因为它们都包含蓝光。在某种程度上，晚上暴露在那种光线下对眼睛是极其有害的。）可知，太阳和手机都发出蓝光，这种蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。故选A。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Melatonin(褪黑激素) is the natural weapon of the body in fighting against cancer. However, it is being blocked by the blue lights. If this happens once, it might become a big health problem, so you have to put in mind that using mobile phones continuously at night leads to severe health issues.” （褪黑激素是人体对抗癌症的天然武器。然而，它却被蓝光所阻挡。如果这种情况发生一次，它可能会成为一个很大的健康问题，所以你必须记住，在晚上持续使用手机会导致严重的健康问题。）可知，如果褪黑激素被蓝光抑制了，可能会导致严重的健康问题。故选C。
4．D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段“Many people have the habit of browsing the Internet on their phones before going to sleep. Even though you might have important things to plan for the next day, this habit is actually very unhealthy.” （很多人都有睡前用手机浏览互联网的习惯。即使你第二天可能有重要的事情要计划，这个习惯实际上是非常不健康的。）提出晚上睡觉之前浏览手机不健康，尤其是手机发出的蓝光更加危害身体，最后一段“It is not really that bad to use your mobile phones at night if there is an emergency or an urgent need to use it. The important thing is to just minimize your time with your mobile phone for your entire health.” （如果有紧急情况或迫切需要使用手机，在晚上使用手机并没有那么糟糕。重要的是，为了你的整个健康，尽量减少使用手机的时间。）给出结论，睡觉前应尽量少使用手机。故选D。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（09）
Older women who walk a little over three kilometers each day might live longer than less active women of the same age, a new study suggests.
Many Americans hoping to stay healthy set a daily goal of 10, 000 steps, or about eight kilometers. They often have this goal because they are wearing electronic devices which set that target, note researchers in the United States. Their findings appeared recently in the publication JAMA Internal Medicine.
But it is not clear how much intensity(强度)or speed matter when counting the health benefits of every step, the researchers write. They add that 10,000 steps per day might not be the right goal for everyone.
For the study, researchers observed 17,000 women, all in their early 70s. They asked the women to wear accelerometers for at least four days. Accelerometers are small devices that measure the number of steps and the intensity of movement. The researchers followed up with the women much later, around 4. 3 years later, on average. Since the beginning of the study, 504 women had died. Compared to women who took no more than 2, 718 steps daily, the women who took at least 4,363 steps per day were 41 percent less likely to die.
“Even a modest amount of steps is associated with lower death rates, "said I-Min Lee, the lead writer of a report on the study. "The rate of stepping did not matter in these older women: it was the number of steps that mattered.
The study had a few limitations. For example, the researchers only measured women’s movements once, at the start of the study period. It is possible that the women’s behaviors changed over time. Still, the results are "good news for older adults who may have difficulty walking at faster paces, "said Keith Diaz, a researcher at Columbia University. He was not involved in the study.
“Any walking is better than nothing, " Diaz said by email. "With even small amounts of walking, your risk of death will be sharply reduced "For those who have difficulty walking, other research shows that any form of aerobic activity provides health benefits," he added. "Swimming, bicycling or any form of activity that is continuous in nature will provide health benefits.
1. What conclusion can we come to from the text?
A. People who walk about 10,000 steps can live longer.
B. 10,000 steps per day might be the right goal for people.
C. The more steps one walks per day, the longer life he may live.
D. The number of steps is important for a long life among older women.
2. How is paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A. By giving examples. B. By comparison.
C. By listing statistics. D. By explaining reasons.
3. What can be leaned from what Diaz said?
A. People who walk fast will get more health benefits.
B. If people have a habit of walking, the risk of death will be reduced.
C. People with walking difficulty can not benefit from activities
D. Activities such as swimming and bicycling are not as beneficial as walking.
4. Where is the text most likely from?
A. A medical journal. B. A news report.
C. A magazine about fashion. D. A traveler brochure.
1-4 DCBA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一个研究向大家说明了，对于老人，走了多少步很重要，每天走4363步的人比每天走不多于2718步的人死亡概率降低41%。虽然研究也存在一些缺陷，但是可以说明只要走路就是对身体有益的。
1.主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其第5段的内容“Any walking is better than nothing”可知，每天走的步数对身体健康很重要。并且第而段明确指出1000步这个目标不是适用于每个人的。所以选项AB都不正确。选项C（走的越多越长寿）描述太偏激，也不正确。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段内容看出，该段主要通过列举一系列数字来说明一项研究结果。A. By giving examples 举例；B. By comparison 对比；C. By listing statistics列数据；D. By explaining reasons 解释原因。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后两段，尤其最后一段Keith Diaz所说的话“Any walking is better than nothing”与“With even small amounts of walking, your risk of death will be sharply reduced”能看出，即使每天走的数量不多，也会极大地减少死亡风险，故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章是关于健康的一项研究报道，应出现在医学杂志上。A. medical journal医学杂志；B. A news report.新闻报道；C. A magazine about fashion.时尚杂志；D. A traveler brochure.旅行手册。故选A。
文章来源的推断题在高中英语中常见。主要有根据文体和题材特点推断文章来源或根据文章内容和结构推断文章来源。例如如果文中出现日期、地点或通讯社名称，我们可以推知文章来自于报纸，如果文中出现网络用词（click 点击；online在线；web网络等）可以推知文章来自于网站，例如本篇文章中的第四题就属于推断文章来源题目，由文章涉及的话题（live longer，health，death）以及文章中科学研究的举例，可以推知这篇文章出自于医学杂志。这类题目同学们多积累这些词汇，特别是还要积累选项中的词汇（避免下次选项不认识），解题准确度会提升很多。
人物传记+医学健康类话题阅读（10）
Ask any group of teenagers in the UK what they most like to eat, and foods like pizzas, curries, pasta, burgers and chips are bound to get mentioned and many young people would probably also list hanging out at the local fast food restaurant as one of their favorite pastimes (消遣).
But what teenagers like to eat is not necessarily what they should be eating. According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories. Meanwhile their intake of starchy carbohydrates (含大淀粉的碳水水化合物),fibre, iron, vitamins and calcium is too low.
For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium, such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is particularly important as calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones. Similarly, foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies, so red meat. bread, green vegetables, dried fruit and tonified （使增强体质的）breakfast cereals are also recommended.
It is during our teenage years that habits of lifestyle can become entrenched (根深蒂固的），so it is crucial (全关重要的）that young people are educated about what foods arc good for them. In 2005, in an attempt 10 change eating habits and open teenagers’ minds to new flavours and new tastes. celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a "Feed Me Better” campaign. As part of a television series Jamle School drivers. he worked with teachers and cooks in a number of schools across the UK to provide more healthy. nutritious school meal options. Although there was initial resistance from sonic teenagers and parents. the campaign was generally hailed （把...... 誉为）as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals.
No one expects to end the teenage love affair with fast and junk food but. hopefully, if projects "Feed Me Better" and the government's own "Change for Life" campaign continue to give out the right messages, more young people will understand the importance of balancing occasional treats with healthier food options.
1. From the first two paragraphs we can know that.
A. British teenagers eat too much junk food
B. British teenagers need to take in more calcium
C. what British teenagers like to eat is probably what their bodies need
D British teenagers should reduce their intake of starchy carbohydrates
2. To build healthy strong bodies, young people need .
A.a lot of fibre B. calcium and iron
C. carbohydrates D. vitamins
3. According to the article, Jamie Oliver launched a campaign at schools to .
A. show off his excellent cooking skills
B. teach students how to cook nutritious meals
C. introduce governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals
D. draw the public's attention to the importance of nutritious school meals
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?
A. Teenagers shouldn't eat any junk food at all.
B. It is difficult to make children understand the importance of a healthy diet.
C. It is OK to eat a little bit junk food. as long as you eat healthily most of the time.
D. Our eating habits are developed in our teenage years and then influence our lifestyle
1-4 ABDA
【解析】本文是一篇健康类短文阅读。良好的饮食习惯使人健康。调查发现，英国的青少年最喜欢像比萨、咖喱、意大利面、汉堡包、薯条等热量高的食品。他们在少年时期已养成的饮食习惯，影响着他们将来的生活习惯。专家提示：要少摄入合脂肪、糖和盐等较多的食品，要多摄入合碳水化合物、纤维、铁、维生素和钙等较多的有益于健康成长的食品。
1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories.从英国青少年所喜欢的食物和脂肪、糖和盐摄入过多可知，英国青少年吃太多垃圾食品。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium, such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is particularly important as calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones.以及foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies, so red meat. bread, green vegetables, dried fruit and tonified （使增强体质的）breakfast cereals are also recommended.可知，因为钙对于骨骼健康强壮的发育是必不可少的，并且富含铁的食物对年轻、快速发育的身体有好处。所以，为了建立健康强壮的身体，年轻人需要多吃含钙和铁多的食物。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段In 2005, in an attempt 10 change eating habits and open teenagers’ minds to new flavours and new tastes. celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a "Feed Me Better” campaign.及the campaign was generally hailed （把...... 誉为）as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals. 名厨杰米·奥利弗发起了一项名为“让我吃得更好”的活动，提供更健康的饮食，来影响政府政策对学校膳食营养标准。可推知，杰米·奥利弗在学校发起此项活动，以引起公众对学校营养膳食重要性的关注。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段No one expects to end the teenage love affair with fast and junk food没有人希望青少年不再喜欢快餐和垃圾食品，可知，A项说法也太绝对。故选A。
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