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专题02 Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 1 A Sea Story导学案 (解析版)
1. escape
【教材语境】P30 》to escape
【例句展示】
1. He narrowly escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。
2. There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight. 他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。
3. Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping. 盖上盖子，以免热气跑了。
4. For her travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. 对她来说，旅行是为了从乏味的日常生活中暂时解脱出来。
【用法总结】
escape n逃跑；逃脱；逃避
escape vt逃离；逃避；泄露；被遗忘
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
escape sth 逃避某事
escape doing 逃避做某事
escape from…从……逃脱
【即学即练】
1. The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but in vain.
2. You are really lucky enough to escape being punished
3. It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment.
Keys: 1. 逃脱 2. 逃避 3.被忘记
2. survive
【教材语境】P30 》to survive a storm
【例句展示】
1. Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
2. I can't survive on ￡40 a week. 一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
3. The company managed to survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过了危机。
4. She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。
5. Life became a struggle for survival. 生活变成了一场争取生存的斗争。
【用法总结】
survive v 活下来；幸存；比……活得久
survivor n幸存者；生还者；挺过困难者
survival v生存；存活；幸存
survive sb by….比……多活……
survive on 靠……熬过
survive into…保存下来
survive an accident 事故中幸存
1. Some strange customs ____________(survive) from earlier times up to now.
2. Rowling has spent many years ___________(survive) on little money, spent all her time writing.
3. Exporting is necessary for our economic ______________(survive).
Keys: 1. have survived 2. surviving 3. survival
3. curious
【教材语境】P31 》 After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
【例句展示】
1. I was curious to find out what she had said. 我真想弄清楚她说了些什么。
2. They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
3. It was a curious feeling, as though we were floating on air. 那是一种奇特的感觉，我们仿佛在空中漂浮。
4. Curiously enough, a year later exactly the same thing happened again. 说来也怪，一模一样的事情在一年以后又发生了。
【用法总结】
curiousadj好奇的
curiously adv好奇地
curiosityn好奇心
be curious about…对……感到好奇
be curious to do…做……好奇
1. Why aren't you curious ____________ what happened?
2. Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over ___________(curious).
2. His answer did not satisfy my ___________(curious) at all.
Keys: 1. about 2. curiously 3. curiosity
4. pick up
【教材语境】P31 》In the end a boat picked me up.
【例句展示】
1. I'll pick you up at five. 我五点钟来接你。
2. She went over to the crying child and picked her up. 她走到啼哭的孩子身边，把她抱了起来。
3. We were able to pick up the BBC World Service. 我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。
4. She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico. 她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。
5. We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction. 我们从拍卖场买到了几件便宜货。
6. Could you pick out the red kites? 你能挑选出红色的风筝吗？
【用法总结】
pick apples/cotton/flowers 采摘苹果/棉花/花
pick out 挑选;辨别出
pick up 捡起来；接上车；偶然得知；无意识学会；便宜买到；恢复健康；增加速度；接着讲
【即学即练】
1. Let's pick up where we left off yesterday.
2. The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
3. She bent forward to pick up the newspaper.
4. She picked up Japanese when she was in Japan.
5. The train picked up speed.
6. I went round the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.
Keys: 1. 接着讲2. 接上车3. 捡起来 4. 无意识学会 5. 增加速度 6. 便宜买到
5. The +比较级…, the +比较级…
【教材语境】P31 》The larger the bodies were, the more quickly they fell.
【例句展示】
The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back. 你出发越早，你回来就越早。
The longer she waited, the more impatient she became. 她等待时间越长，她变得越不耐烦。
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them. 题目越南，他越不可能回答出来。
【用法总结】
“The+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”是比较级高频句型，表示“越……，越……”。前一分句是从句，后一分句是主句，注意都用陈述语序。
【即学即练】
16. The __________ (careful) you listen to the tape, the _______(easy) you will find it to understand.
17. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn't change, but the _________ (long) I hold it, the heavier it becomes.
Keys: 1. more carefully; easier 2. longer
Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 1能力提升A卷
一、词形转换
1. 活下来；幸存；比……活得久v________________→幸存者n ________________→幸存，活下来n ________________
2. 诗，诗歌n________________→诗人n ________________ →诗歌；作诗的艺术n ________________
3. 神秘事物；难以理解的事物n________________→神秘的 adj ________________
4. 使害怕；使恐惧n ________________→令人害怕的地adj________________→感到害怕的adj ________________
5. 恐惧；害怕n______________→可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 adj_____________
6. 好奇的 adj _____________→好奇地adv ____________→好奇心 n _____________
7. 观察，观测 vt_____________→观察；观测结果n _____________
8. 相等；等于 vt_____________→相等的；相同的adj ____________→平等地；同样地 adv _____________→平等 n _____________→不平等n _____________
一、词形转换答案
1. survive, survivor, survival 2. poem, poet, poetry 3. mystery, mysterious 4. frighten, frightening, frightened 5. horror, horrible 6. curious, curiously, curiosity 7. observe, observation 8. equal, equal, equally, equality, inequality
二、识词知义
1. whirl n
2. wave n
3. escape n. vt
4. float vt
5. file n
6. descent n
7.tidal adj
8. soul n
9. edge n
10.barrel n
11.extent n
12. tube n
二、识词知义答案
1. 旋涡
2. 海浪；波涛
3. 逃离；逃避解脱；逃避
4. 漂浮
5. 档案；卷宗
6. 下降；下落
7. 潮汐的，潮水的
8. 灵魂
9. 边缘
10. 桶
11. 面积；长度；范围；程度
12. 圆管；管子；（伦敦）地铁
三、高频短语
1. escape doing sth
2. escape from
3. have a narrow escape
4. survive a storm
5. be adapted from
6. be known as/for/to
7. something terrible
8. It takes sb time to do sth
9. risk doing
10. all at once
11. be covered with
12. in less than a minute
13. cry out
14. in the direction of
15. feel as if
16. on the edge of
17. at great speed
18. of equal extent
19. tie...to…
20. The reason why…is that…
21. pick up
22. be unable to do
23. overcome one’s fear
24. be curious about sth
25. be curious to do
26. to an extent
三、高频短语答案
1. 逃避做某事
2. 从……逃脱
3. 死里逃生
4. 逃过暴雨
5. 改编自
6. 作为……出名/因为……出名/被……知晓
7. 一些科普事情
8. 某人花费时间做某事
9. 冒险做某事
10. 突然
11. 被……覆盖
12. 在不到一分钟内
13. 大声呼喊
14. 朝……方向
15. 感觉好像
16. 在……边缘；某事快要发生
17. 快速地
18. 同样面积
19. 把……拴在……上
20. 之所以……是因为……
21. 捡起来；接上车；便宜买到；无意识学会
22. 不能做某事
23. 克服恐惧感
24. 对……好奇
25. 做……好奇
26. 在某种程度上
四、品句填词
1. Huge ___________(波浪) were breaking on the shore.
2. Every ___________(档案) on the same disk must have a different name.
3. It's a complete ___________(难以理解的事物) to me why they chose him.
4. She committed herself body and ___________(灵魂) to fighting for the cause.
5. Never in all my life have I seen such a ___________(可怕的) thing.
6. She was lucky to ___________(逃避) punishment.
7. There is an ___________(相同的) number of boys and girls in the class.
8. I was amazed at the ___________(程度) of his knowledge.
9. He is fed by a ___________(管子) that enters his nose.
10. He is such a ___________(好奇的) boy, always asking questions.
四、品句填词答案
1. waves 2. file 3. mystery 4. soul 5. horrible 6. escape 7. equal 8. extent 9. tube 10. curious
五、单句填空
1. She managed ____________(escape) from the burning car.
2. He narrowly escaped ____________(kill) in the earthquake.
3. Beautiful music came ____________(float) out of the window.
4. His only chance of ____________(survive) was a heart transplant.
5. The woman in the shop had looked at them ____________(curious).
6. The suspect is being kept under ____________(observe).
7. I'm ____________(frighten) of walking home alone in the dark.
8. The money was divided ____________(equal) among her four children.
9. Two ____________(survive) were cut free after being trapped for twenty minutes.
10. I asked where Steve was and she nodded ____________ the direction of the kitchen.
五、单句填空答案
1. to escape 2. being killed 3. floating 4. survival 5. curiously 6. observation 7. frightened 8. equally 9. survivors 10. in
Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 1能力提升B卷
一、阅读理解
A
Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake related fatalities have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic sea waves), and other observable events resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves.
The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses. The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they may, however, happen anywhere at any time.
This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake forecast may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, patterns of movements in the earth’s shell, variations in the earth’s force of attraction, and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen)the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.
It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Earthquake destruction is declining.
B. Earthquake forecast is improving.
C. Man is no longer fearful of earthquakes.
D. Man is capable of conquering earthquakes.
2. The phrase “This element of the unknown” (Paragraph 3) refers to ______.
A. The two great earthquake zones
B. The fact that earthquakes can happen at any time or place
C. The percentage of earthquakes
D. The exact cause of earthquakes
3. We can infer from the passage that quakes.
A. may happen anywhere at any time
B. mostly strike in oceans and mountains
C. are unobservable in masses of land
D. are hardly the direct cause of fatalities
4. The author wrote this passage ________.
A. to amuse and entertain B. to question and criticize
C. to explain and inform D. to correct a wrong idea
5. What is the author’s attitude toward the possibility of earthquake prediction?
A. It will never be possible to predict earthquakes.
B. Earthquakes can already be predicted with great accuracy.
C. There is really no need to try to predict earthquake occurrences.
D. Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.
1-5 BBDC D
B)
PITTSBURGH-For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.
The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.
Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass. -based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.
The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick （操纵杆）. They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.
Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.
Sam Stover, a search team manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currenthy available, such as cameras attached to extendable poles.
“It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before.” Stover said. “We needed them yesterday.”
He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged buildings.
Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath （后果） of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped reseuers search flooded houses in that disaster.
Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.
1. Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?
A. Robotics Trends.
B. Pittsburgh City Council.
C. Carnegie Mellon University.
D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
2. Choset believes that his invention ______.
A. can be attached to an electronic arm
B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes
C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog
D. can sense its way no better than its operators
3. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots ______.
A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
B. would have been put to use in past rescue work
C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday
D. were in greater need yesterday than today
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. Snake-like robots used in industries.
B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.
C. The development of snake-like robots.
D. The working principles of snake-like robots.
1-4 CDBB
二、完形填空
In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened(痍平) America, killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes. A father rushed to the school where his son was 36 to be, only to discover that the building was as 37 as a pancake.
He remembered the 38 he had made to his son: "No matter what, I'll always be there for you!" And tears began to 39 his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins, it looked 40 .
He began to direct his attention towards where he 41 his son to class at school each morning. He started digging through the ruins.
As he was digging, other helpless 42 arrived, saying: "My son!" "My daughter!" Other well-meaning parents 43 to pull him off what was left of the school, saying: "It's too 44 ! They're all dead!"
To each parent he responded with one 45 : "Are you going to help me now?" And then he 46 to dig for his son, stone by stone. The fire chief 47 and tried to pull him 48 the school's ruins saying, "Fires are breaking out. You're in 49 . We'll take care of it. "
Bravely he went on alone 50 he needed to know for himself: "Is my boy alive or is he dead?" He dug for eight hours...12 hours...24 hours...36 hours...then, in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son's voice. He 51 his son's name, "ARMAND!"
He heard 52 , "Dad!?! It's me, Dad! I told the other kids not to 53 . I told them that if you were alive, you'd save me. You promised, No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you! 54 did it, Dad! We're scared, hungry, thirsty and thankful you're here. When the building collapsed, it made a triangle, and it 55 us."
36. A. suggested B. supposed C. allowed D. hoped
37. A. strong B. high C. large D. flat
38. A. promise B. decision C. plan D. comment
39. A. blocked B. hold C. fill D. cross
40. A. tough B. familiar C. hopeless D. hopeful
41. A. carried B. walked C. called D. lifted
42. A. reporters B. teachers C. students D. parents
43. A. tried B. offered C. refused D. managed
44. A. serious B. heavy C. late D. early
45. A. lesson B. doubt C. line D. problem
46. A. stopped B. continued C. remembered D. failed
47. A. gave up B. looked up C. picked up D. showed up
48. A. against B. away C. off D. aside
49. A. danger B. trouble C. dark D. surprise
50. A. but B. because C. if D. until
51. A. tried B. recalled C. repeated D. screamed
52. A. over B. away C. back D. inside
53. A. cry B. worry C. sleep D. shout
54. A. You B. We C. They D. He
55. A. trapped B. prevented C. saved D. blessed
36-40 BDACC 41-45 BDACC 46-50 BDCAB 51-55 DCBAC
三、语法填空
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°C, there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1. that 2. poorly 3. of/for 4. to perform 5. have reported 6. belief 7. noting 8. higher 9. the 10. are
由于对北熊活动范的研究甚少，很难计算出全球北极熊的数量;然而，生物学家计算出全世界大约有2万到2，5万头北极熊。
1.that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为:虽然它们很少出现在北纬88度(的地区)，但有证据表明，它们的活动范围遍及北极地区，甚至南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。根据句意及设空前的 evidence可知，此处应填的是同位语从句的引导词。再分析设空后的句子成分可知，从句不缺成分，且句意完整，因此应用hat引导该同位语从句。故填that。
2. poorly【解析】考查词性转换。句意为:由于对北极熊活动范围的研究基少，很难计算出全球北极熊的数量……设空处修饰动词 studied，应用副词。故填poorly。
3.of/for【解析】考查介词。句意为:追踪北极熊数量的现代方法从20世纪80年代中期オ被运用，而且在大面积范内持续进行的成本很高。 method o/for( doing)为固定搭配，意为＂(做)…的方法”。故填of/for。
4. to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。根据“主语+be+a.+todo”结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，其中动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。故填 to perform。
5. have reported【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为:近年来，努纳武特的一些因特人报告说，在人类居住地附近看到熊的次数有所增加，这让人们以为熊的数量正在增加。根据时间状语n recent years可知，本句应用现在完成时。故填have reported。
6. belief【解析】考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词的宾语，且其前有不定冠词a限定，其后有同位语从句修饰，应用名词形式。故填 belief，意为“观点;信念”。
7. noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:科学家们已作出回应，称饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致了熊的数量比实际数量要多的错觉。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填 noting。
8. higher【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及设空后的比较级的提示词than可知，设空处应填形容词的比较级，故填 higher。
9.the【解析】考查冠词。句意为:在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少，6个保持稳定，1个正在増加，还有9个缺乏足够的数据。根据句意及设空处后的 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations可知，此处特指“已知的19个北极熊亚种群”应用定冠词限定，故填the。
10.are【解析】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，本句由多个分句并列组成。其中设空处所在分句的主语为six，为复数概念，谓语应用复数，且下文中的lack也是提示;本句叙述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填are。
四、书面表达
假如你是校报英语栏目的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
One possible version:
This afternoon all the teachers and students in our school attended a lecture concerning how to survive an earthquake. The lecture was given by professor Wang from a famous university in the school hall.
In the lecture, Professor Wang told us the signs of a coming earthquake and dos and don’ts during and after an earthquake. We all listened and took notes carefully. It was after the lecture that a video about earthquake was shown.
We all realize how important it is to stay safe during an earthquake, because even a little knowledge can increase our chances of surviving an earthquake or any other type of disasters.
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