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Unit6 The Admirable 语法知识点扫盲
定语从句(3)——“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
语法图解
观察句子
1．(教材P53)A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that...
2．(教材P53)Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
3．(教材P53)The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
4．(教材P53)They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.
5．(教材P55)In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team whose goal was to find a cure for malaria...
我的领悟
1．例句1和5为关系代词引导的定语从句。
2．例句3为关系副词引导的定语从句。
3．例句2和4为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
语法知识点精讲
一、关系代词的确定
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which，关系代词指人时只能用whom；如果关系代词作定语，也可用whose。
◆The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
我脚下站着的梯子开始滑动。
◆We'll go to see the famous singer about whom we have talked.
我们将去看望我们谈到的那位著名的歌手。
◆This is the boy with whose pen I wrote a letter just now.
这就是那个男孩，刚才我用他的钢笔写了一封信。
二、介词的选取
“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用根据上下文要表达的具体意思、先行词的习惯搭配或定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：
1．根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
◆This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.(＝My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(＝My son was saved by the pilot.)
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
2．根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
◆Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？ (on the day)
3．根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是在定语从句中作谓语的动词短语中的一个固定介词。
◆Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
这就是你花高价买的那辆汽车吗？ (pay for)
◆This is the computer on which I spent 3，000 yuan.
这就是我花3 000元买的电脑。(spend money on sth.)
◆The two things about/of which he was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
他不确定的两项是语法和一些成语。 (be sure about/of)
三、 “介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few、the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。
◆The event was organized by two people, neither of whom is a professional.
这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。
◆The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.
这支足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。
2．在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
◆The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
◆The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
正在被护士照顾的婴儿们很健康。
3．在 “the＋名词＋of＋关系代词” 或 “of＋关系代词＋the＋名词” 中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。
◆I live in the room, the windows of which face south.
＝I live in the room, of which the windows face south.
＝I live in the room, whose windows face south.
4．引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。
◆It was a special day when I saw the admirable person in my heart.
＝It was a special day on which I saw the admirable person in my heart.
那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。
◆It was the room where he had lived for ten years.
＝It was the room in which he had lived for ten years.
这就是他住了十年的屋子。
5．the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择
the way (方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语， 则用in which/that, 关系词也可省略； 若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that, 且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。
◆The way(in which/that) he treats children is very good.
他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
◆The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn't work.
你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
语法知识及时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, which the sailing time was 226 days.
2．American women usually identify their best friends as someone with they can talk frequently.
3．He climbed up to the top of the temple, he could see nothing but trees.
4．The old man has two sons, both of are lawyers.
5． which she said goodbye to me.
6．The club is made up of 20 members, 5 of are women.
7．He referred me to some literature books with I was not very familiar.
8．The book was written in 1946, when the education system has witnessed great changes.
9．The children, all of had played the whole day long，were worn out.
10．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)
1．结果，我别无选择只好完全投入到我的学习中去，我为此感到非常遗憾。
As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study, ．
2．我爸爸曾经学习过的学校只有十个老师。
The school had only ten teachers.
3．信不信由你，我不喜欢他和我讲话的方式。
Believe it or not, I don't like the way ．
4．那天他借了一本书，书的作者是一名工人。
He borrowed a book the other day, ．
5．感谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
Thank you for your help， the work on time.
参考答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.
2．American women usually identify their best friends as someone with whom they can talk frequently.
3．He climbed up to the top of the temple, where he could see nothing but trees.
4．The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
5．I'llneverforgetthedayon which she said goodbye to me.
6．The club is made up of 20 members, 5 of whom are women.
7．He referred me to some literature books with which I was not very familiar.
8．The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes.
9．The children, all of whom had played the whole day long，were worn out.
10．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)
1．结果，我别无选择只好完全投入到我的学习中去，我为此感到非常遗憾。
As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study, forwhichIwasverysorry．
2．我爸爸曾经学习过的学校只有十个老师。
The school inwhichmyfatheroncestudied had only ten teachers.
3．信不信由你，我不喜欢他和我讲话的方式。
Believe it or not, I don't like the way (that/inwhich)hespoketome．
4．那天他借了一本书，书的作者是一名工人。
He borrowed a book the other day, theauthorofwhichisaworker．
5．感谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
Thank you for your help，withoutwhichwecouldnothavefinished the work on time.
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