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Unit5 Humans and Nature语法知识点扫盲
关系副词引导的定语从句
语法图解
观察句子
1．(教材P30)That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.
2．(教材P31)As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
3．(教材P31)I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
我的领悟
关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在定语从句中充当句子成分。when作时间状语，如例句1；why作原因状语，如例句2；where作地点状语，如例句3。
语法知识精讲
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where、when、why等。1.关系副词where引导的定语从句
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place、room、house、spot等)，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。
◆They are playing in the park where there are some flowers.
他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。
◆The office where the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
(1)有一些先行词，如point、stage、position、case、condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，当在从句中作状语时，需要接where引导的定语从句。
◆You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished.
从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心只想完成它。
◆We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.
我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。
(2)where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
◆He's got into a situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)
他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机控制的境地。
◆When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)
读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
2．关系副词when引导的定语从句
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time、day、week、month、year等)，关系副词在从句中作时间状语。
◆There used to be a time when I hated going to school.
我有一段时间讨厌去上学。
◆I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
3．关系副词why引导的定语从句
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语。why一般不引导非限制性定语从句。
◆Do you know the reason why the woman burst into tears?
你知道这位女士突然大哭的原因吗？
二、关系副词和关系代词的选择
选择关系词可分为两步：
第1步：分析定语从句，看从句中所缺成分确定用关系副词还是关系代词。如从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选择关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。
第2步：看先行词。如果根据第1步确定用关系代词且先行词指物，则可用that、which、whose、as，若先行词指人可用that、who(m)、whose等；若根据第1步确定用关系副词，先行词指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。
◆This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.
这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit 后缺少宾语，填关系代词，先行词指物，用that或which，作宾语时可以省略)
◆This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(从句中有主语，不需要宾语、表语、定语，故填关系副词，先行词factory指地点，用where)
◆Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
◆Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？(that/which作spent的宾语)
语法知识及时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason he gave for his absence is that he was drunk.
2．That is the reason many people often feel uncomfortable in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
3．The reason for he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.
4．We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
5．Do you still remember the day we joined the Party?
6．The picture called up the days we studied together.
7．This is the old house his father was born fifty years ago.
8．I will never forget the days we spent together.
9．Da Shuhua (打树花) dates back to 300 years ago, local blacksmiths came up with a unique alternative to fireworks.
10．I think, microblogs are just like a real world, everybody should obey the laws and moral codes, and no absolute freedom should exist there.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)
1．我永远也不会忘记我去上大学的那一天。
I'll never forget the day ．
2．大家都想参观周总理工作过的那个地方。
Everyone wants to visit the place ．
3．我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。
We don't know the reason ．
4．你能设想出这个长单词被使用的场合吗？
Can you think of a situation ?
5．这位年轻的老板在努力营造一种员工喜欢工作的轻松氛围。
The young boss is creating an atmosphere ．
参考答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The reason that/which he gave for his absence is that he was drunk.
2．That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
3．The reason for which he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.
4．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
5．Do you still remember the day when we joined the Party?
6．The picture called up the days when we studied together.
7．This is the old house where his father was born fifty years ago.
8．I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.
9．Da Shuhua (打树花) dates back to 300 years ago, when local blacksmiths came up with a unique alternative to fireworks.
10．I think, microblogs are just like a real world, where everybody should obey the laws and moral codes, and no absolute freedom should exist there.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)
1．我永远也不会忘记我去上大学的那一天。
I'll never forget the day when__I__went__to__university．
2．大家都想参观周总理工作过的那个地方。
Everyone wants to visit the place where__Premier__Zhou__once__worked．
3．我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。
We don't know the reason why__they__didn't__keep__their__promise．
4．你能设想出这个长单词被使用的场合吗？
Can you think of a situation where__this__long__word__can__be__used?
5．这位年轻的老板在努力营造一种员工喜欢工作的轻松氛围。
The young boss is creating an atmosphere where__his__employees__enjoy__their__work．
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