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Unit5 Humans and Nature 写作技巧点拨
如何写灾难逃生的说明文
1．关于灾难逃生的书面表达一般是提纲式作文。考生要根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识和生活常识， 采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。
2．写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁。由于这类文章所陈述的内容都是生活常识，因此，文章的时态应以一般现在时为主。
3．根据灾难发生后采取措施的步骤，按顺序安排好材料。也可按照所处不同位置或场景，按情况给出不同建议。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。写作时可按照Things to do before...Things to do during.../Things not to do during...进行叙述，也可按照firstly, secondly...的方式进行叙述。
1．面对灾难如何做；
2．具体逃生措施；
3．其他建议。
1．Cover your head and neck with your hands, arms or hard objects.
2．Don't try to run out of the building during an earthquake.
3．As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves.
4．When an earthquake happens, first we should calm down, which is the most important.
5．Follow the teachers' guidance and keep our actions in order.
6．When a fire breaks out, call 119 at once and tell the firefighters the detailed address so that they can get there in time.
7．Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape.
8．If possible, try to cover our mouths with wet towels to prevent us taking in too much thick smoke and wait for rescue.
9．It is important to know what to do when you are in dangerous situations such as in a fire.
10．As we all know, one's life is full of unexpected events.
满分作文特训
假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示写一篇洪水逃生指南。内容包括：
1．听到洪水来临的消息立刻逃跑；
2．保持冷静，在等待政府救助时进行自救；
3．到高的地方去，切断电源；
4．在水里行走时带一根棍子；
5．如果房子被水包围了，要待在房子外面；
6．不要在流水中行走；洪水来临时不要待在车里；如果身上是湿的，不要触碰与电有关的东西。
注意：1.词数 80 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
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第一步：审题构思很关键
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．hesitate__to__do__sth. 犹豫做某事
2．break__out 爆发
3．save__oneself 自救
4．cut__off 切断
5．run__away 逃走
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．如果你听到洪水要来了，立马逃走。
______________________________________________,__don't hesitate to run away.
2．等待政府救援时要进行自救。
Try to save yourself while ________________________________________________．
3．如果你的房子被洪水包围了，一定要待在房子外面。(强调谓语)
If your house is surrounded by water, ．
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用同位语从句改写第三步中的句1
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2．用省略结构改写第三步中的句2
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第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
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参考答案：
由词扩句雏形现
1．如果你听到洪水要来了，立马逃走。
If__you__hear__that__the__flood__is__coming,__don't hesitate to run away.
2．等待政府救援时要进行自救。
Try to save yourself while you__are__waiting__for__the__government's__rescue．
3．如果你的房子被洪水包围了，一定要待在房子外面。(强调谓语)
If your house is surrounded by water, do__stay__outside__the__house．
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用同位语从句改写第三步中的句1
If__you__hear__the__news__that__the__flood__is__coming，don't__hesitate__to__run__away.
2．用省略结构改写第三步中的句2
Try__to__save__yourself__while__waiting__for__the__government's__rescue.
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
One possible version：
Do's：
If you hear the news that the flood is coming，don't hesitate to run away.
Do stay calm when the flood breaks out.
Try to save yourself while waiting for the government's rescue.
Try to move at once to higher ground and cut off all pieces of electrical equipment.
If you have to walk in the water, carry a stick.
If your house is surrounded by water，do stay outside the house.
Don'ts：
Do not walk through moving water.15cm of moving water can make you fall.
If you are in the car when the flood arrives, give up the car and move to higher ground.
Do not touch any electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
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