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2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（北师大版2019）
考题猜想01 阅读理解-说明文培优专练20篇原卷版
满分策略
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。
六、猜测词义题注意运用“代入法”从情感和逻辑角度推测最佳答案。
七、推理判断题注意题干关键词、原文定位和选项同义替换三位一体。
八、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
话题
| 人与自我
| 主题
| 短时间高强度的活动有益健康
| 字数
| 314
|
[01]（24-25高一上·江苏常州·期末）A sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle eventually does harm to health but breaking out of long inactivity can be discouraging. Now, however, there may be a simple way to ease into more activity.
A recent study suggests that short bouts (一阵) of intense (高强度的) activity every day — climbing stairs, carrying a heavy load of things, or stepping up the pace of housework — can provide great health benefits.
“It’s quite simple, but it’s not an idea that’s out there,” says University of Sydney exercise scientist Emmanuel Stamatakis who led the research. “Many people, including many health professionals, still think of physical activity as something that you do during your free time, and you need to go somewhere to do it.”
Stamatakis and his colleagues, on the other hand, wanted to understand if daily life activities done somewhat vigorously in short bouts could also provide health benefits compared to a sedentary or less active lifestyle.
To study this, his team used data from nearly 25, 000 adults who were non-exercisers. Without these data, it was almost impossible to continue the study. Over the course of seven days, they used machine learning tools to determine whether a person was either sedentary, standing, walking, or doing intense activities like running during repeated 10-second windows. The researchers also divided any movement into light, middle, or high intensity. Then, for the next seven years, they recorded which study participants died and what caused the death.
The team found that people who did at least four one-to-two-minute high intensity physical activities every day had a nearly 40 percent less risk of dying from cancer and a roughly 49 percent ower chance of dying from a cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. More bouts of such strong activity meant greater protection from death risks, Stamatakis says, “The more, the better.”
1．What did the recent study find?
A．An inactive lifestyle is harmful but hard to change.
B．More physical exercises can make you more active.
C．Doing daily housework is also a kind of exercise.
D．Daily short but intense activities do good to health.
2．What does the underlined word “vigorously” most probably mean?
A．Energetically. B．Continuously. C．Frequently. D．Creatively.
3．Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 5?
A．Research purposes. B．Research limitations.
C．Research findings. D．Research methods.
4．What would Stamatakis suggest?
A．Going to exercise at fixed time and place.
B．Avoiding movement of light intensity.
C．Doing only 8 minutes intense activity every day.
D．Carrying out more short bouts of intense activity.
话题
| 人与自然
| 主题
| 介绍了“耳虫”的原因和解决办法
| 字数
| 345
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[02]（24-25高一上·江苏南通·期末）You hear a song while you read. You hear it while you’re taking a test. You even hear it while you’re trying to go to sleep. You can’t make it stop, and it’s driving you crazy! Has this happened to you? Maybe you have suffered from an earworm, a memory of a song!
Earworm is common and there are a few theories (理论) behind it. The brain is very sensitive to music, according to neurologist Oliver Sacks, who says music affects us whether we pay attention to it or not. Sacks wonders if there are earworms today because we’re surrounded by music all the time in our everyday lives. Research on the auditory cortex supports Sacks’s ideas. The auditory cortex is the part of the brain that deals with sound. It’s a short-term storage system for small amounts of auditory (sound) information. Some of this auditory information is forgotten, and some of it goes into long-term memory. However, songs appear to stay in the auditory cortex for a long time.
James Kellaris (“Dr. Earworm,” as some people call him) is a professor of marketing at the University of Cincinnati. He thinks that only certain types of songs become earworms. These songs have certain characteristics that other songs do not. The characteristics are repetitiveness, simplicity, and incongruity. Your brain pays a lot of attention to a song which are repetitive, simple and incongruous — something unexpected such as uneven (不均匀的) beats, Kellaris says. Because of this, a song which is repeated and unusual stays longer in the auditory cortex. No wonder, advertisers often use jingles — short songs that are easy to remember to promote sales.
Is there any way to get rid of an earworm? Here are some tips Kellaris collected: Replace the earworm song with another song, try to distract yourself by doing an intense activity such as exercising, or tell someone about your earworm. What if none of these strategies work? Then perhaps you should just sit back and try to enjoy the music in your head!
1．How does the author introduce the topic?
A．By listing rules. B．By drawing conclusions.
C．By telling stories. D．By describing experiences.
2．Why is “auditory cortex” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To show what earworms are like. B．To discuss how earworms affect us.
C．To explain why we get earworms. D．To tell where earworms come from.
3．Which of the following is most likely to become an earworm?
A．A soft ring from the speaker in the classroom.
B．A slow song that makes you think in a bookshop.
C．A piece of music you hear for a short time in the cinema.
D．A unique jingle that plays over and over in a supermarket.
4．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Earworms — the typical jingles B．Earworms — the power of music
C．Earworms — the songs in your head D．Earworms — the music of everyday life
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 研究发现藻类快速生长导致非洲大象死亡
| 字数
| 303
|
[03]（24-25高一上·江苏泰州·期末）A new study has provided further explanation for the deaths of 350 African elephants in Botswana during 2023. It was the result of drinking from waterholes where deadly algae (藻) populations had exploded due to climate change. Elephant bodies were first found in the north-eastern part of the country between May and June 2023, but proof showed that illegal hunting was not the cause.
With the help of satellite data, the researchers examined the relationship between about 3,000 waterholes and the locations of dead elephants. Their research suggested waterholes near the bodies showed increasing algal level in 2023 compared to earlier years — particularly during the period associated with the mass death event.
The researchers also found that rotten (腐烂的) elephant bodies were more spread out across the landscape than the fresh, indicating that the die-off in 2023 was different from normal elephant death patterns. After drinking, elephants were thought to have walked an average of 16.5 km from the harmful waterholes and died within about 88 hours of contact.
These findings suggest a high risk and possibility of algal harmful effect in these waterholes. The researchers think that the change from a very dry 2022 — the driest year in a period of 10 years in the area — to an extremely wet 2023, may have led to the appearance of significant amounts of nutrients from the ground, promoting the high algal growth.
Southern Africa is thought to become drier and hotter under climate changes, so waterholes across this area will likely be drier for more months of the year. Our findings point to the potential negative effects on water quantity and quality, and the dangers to animals. Meanwhile, the findings also show the bad need to observe carefully overall water quality across all waterbodies, including the smallest ones.
1．What is the direct cause of the elephant deaths?
A．Illegal hunting. B．Disease outbreak.
C．Badly polluted water. D．Terrible climate change.
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2-3?
A．The satellite recorded each elephant’s behaviour.
B．The increasing water level killed many elephants.
C．Elephant bodies were mainly found beside waterholes.
D．The rapid growth of algae contributed to the elephant deaths.
3．What does the author say about the weather in paragraph 4?
A．It experienced great change. B．It has been dry for several years.
C．It was under the influence of humans. D．It remained fixed with normal rainfall.
4．What do the findings suggest in the last paragraph?
A．Water quality needs to be monitored.
B．Satellite technology requires to be studied.
C．The area will become more suitable for elephants.
D．Waterholes will suffer serious drought throughout the year.
话题
| 人与社会
| 主题
| 非营利组织合作将社区花园带到城市学校
| 字数
| 314
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[04]（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）School is still out for the summer, but at Eastern Senior High School in Washington, D．C．, students are hard at work outdoors. In a garden filled with flowers and beds bursting with vegetables and herbs, nearly a dozen teenagers are harvesting (收获) vegetables for the weekend’s farmers market.
Roshawn Little is going into her junior year at Eastern, and has been working in this garden for three years now. During the summer, Little gets paid to work Tuesday through Saturday from 9 a. m. until 2 p. m. with City Blossoms, a nonprofit that brings community gardens to schools in urban areas. She believes that working in the garden has taught her to try all sorts of new things, like eating different kinds of vegetables more often. And she’s taken those healthy behaviours home with her and her eating habits have encouraged her family to buy more fruits and vegetables.
City Blossoms is one of many groups across the country teaming up with local communities to build school gardens, like the one at Eastern. It works with schools to create learning gardens and trains teachers on how to use them to get students engaged (使参与) and improve academic performance. These gardens are really outdoor classrooms. For example, the gardens can be used for math lessons, like calculating the area of a plant bed or learning the science of how plants grow.
For the students, the experience can be a nutritional eye-opener, which has totally changed their views on where food comes from, and what it takes to produce food. Partner schools have also seen a 12 to 15 percent increase in the number of students passing standardized tests and 94 percent of teachers reported seeing increased engagement from their students, according to an independent evaluation (评价) conducted by PEER Associates.
1．What does Roshawn Little think of the summer outdoor activity?
A．It is a good way to earn pocket money. B．It has improved her family relationship.
C．It contributes to her healthy eating habit. D．It is helpful to her academic performance.
2．What is the purpose of the school gardens?
A．To invite students to care for plants. B．To advance teachers’ teaching skills.
C．To get students interested in science. D．To provide a creative way of learning.
3．What does the last paragraph focus on about the project of City Blossoms?
A．Its evaluations. B．Its effects. C．Its operations. D．Its expectations.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．City Blossoms: Team up with Local Community Teachers
B．Happy Holiday, Sweet Memory: How Kids Enjoy the Harvest
C．Outdoor Classrooms: Get out for the Weekend’s Farmers Market.
D．Healthy Eaters, Smart Minds: What School Gardens Teach Kids
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 介绍了研究人员通过对海豚的行为研究发现
| 字数
| 324
|
[05]（24-25高一上·江苏宿迁·期末）Dolphins love to play around, doing things like surfing, playing with stuff, and running after each other. However, have you ever been to a wildlife park and seen dolphins opening their mouths wide? Researchers uncovered that dolphins use the “open mouth” facial expression to show their cheerfulness, instead of attack.
Other animals use their faces to show they want to play, but it wasn’t known if sea creatures do the same thing. This led the team to carry out this study. They recorded videos of 22 dolphins that lived at two wildlife parks. The dolphins were recorded when they were playing in pairs, playing with their human trainers and playing on their own.
During the 80 hours of video footage, the scientists counted 1,288 times when the dolphins used the “smile” expression. The team said 92% of those happened when dolphins were playing with each other. They seldom used the expression when they were playing on their own or with humans. Nearly 90% of the expressions happened when a dolphin could see their playmate’s face. If other dolphins spotted their “smile”, they returned the expression around a third of the time. Elisabetta Palagi, a biologist, said that the relaxed open mouth “is a universal sign of playfulness, helping animals and us signal fun and avoid misunderstanding”.
The research focused on dolphins in parks. Those living in the wild could behave differently when playing. It’s possible that while playing in more open spaces, dolphins might prefer to communicate using sounds instead of facial expressions. “Future research should study eye-tracking to explore how dolphins see their world and take advantage of acoustic signals (声学信号) in their communication during play,” added Livio Favaro, a co-author and zoologist, in the press.
This research throws light on the unique communication skills used by these intelligent sea creatures as well as the importance of facial expressions to set the right intentions (意图).
1．What does an “open mouth” in dolphins indicate according to the researchers?
A．A sign of attack. B．A desire to bite.
C．An expression of joy. D．An intention to escape.
2．What research method did the researchers use?
A．Making a comparison. B．Analyzing cause and effect.
C．Doing experiments in labs. D．Reviewing previous studies.
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A．Dolphins in different areas behave similarly.
B．Future research would include wild dolphins.
C．Eye-tracking was widely used in this research.
D．Dolphins prefer to use sounds to communicate.
4．What is the most suitable title of this passage?
A．Dolphins in Parks “Smile” More.
B．Dolphins “Smile” While Playing.
C．Dolphins Copy Each Other to Smile.
D．Dolphins Behave Better When Alone.
话题
| 人与社会
| 主题
| 介绍人工智能对教育的重要作用
| 字数
| 302
|
[06]（24-25高一上·江苏泰州·期末）The rapid development of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) has been influencing education at all levels, from primary and secondary to higher education.
Countries around the world are trying to find ways to use AI more flexibly in education, so as to provide education for students in faraway areas and teach people the skills needed to get successful jobs in the 21st century. China has become a leader in the application of AI in education and training by developing smart learning systems and stepping up research on AI.
An important area of research is the possible use of AI to promote language learning. AI can help teachers to tailor resources for learners, producing their specific resources according to individual learners’ needs and improve students’ performance. Researchers from Beijing Normal University explored how an automatic resource generation system can help in teaching Chinese as a second language in schools.
The researchers developed a model to use AI to ensure the resources meet learners’ needs, with studies showing the use of the teaching-learning model improved students’ performance. Students who were taught lessons using the model more actively participated in the course.
In addition to teaching languages, AI can also be used to help students of all ages to learn about different cultures. Researchers from Beijing Foreign Studies University, and some other foreign universities have been exploring ways to use AI to help students from different countries learn from each other and know about each other’s cultures while sitting in the comfort of their homes.
With the development of machine learning, AI has the potential to change education if designed and applied properly. AI applications should be designed in a way that they benefit learners and educators. For that purpose, rules for learners, teachers and other staff in educational organizations should be in place.
1．Why are countries exploring the use of AI in education?
A．To become a leader in the world.
B．To prepare people for future jobs.
C．To develop smart learning system.
D．To advance the use of AI in research.
2．What does the underlined word “tailor” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Apply widely. B．Buy cheaply.
C．Process carefully. D．Design specially.
3．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?
A．Making proper rules. B．Inventing smart systems.
C．Conducting more researches. D．Learning different cultures.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．The rapid development of AI.
B．AI application in language teaching.
C．Possible uses of AI in education.
D．The development of machine learning.
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 讲述了肯尼亚的野生动物保护及Kasaine的追踪狮子工作
| 字数
| 286
|
[07]（24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末）On a cool gray morning, Wilson Kasaine heads out along a dirt path in southern Kenya. His calmness makes it easy to forget that he’s tracking one of the most dangerous animals in the world: lions. Born into a traditional Maasai family, he quickly grew to understand the beauty and danger of wildlife. Living with big wild animals forces him to develop a good sense of where they have been and where they may be going. During his 12-kilometer walks to and from school, he learned how to tell the paw prints of a lion from those of other animals.
Growing up, Kasaine knew that improving his tracking abilities would help him avoid surprise meetings with dangerous animals. For many Maasai, tracking is mainly a matter of self-protection. But Kasaine is tracking lions to meet them and to protect them. He leads a small group of wide-eyed tourists over the red sandy path, searching for the lion that has left upon it his prints.
Each year, thousands of tourists crowd Kenya’s national parks to try to catch a glimpse of the the “big five”: elephants, rhinoceros, leopards, buffaloes and lions. The international draw of these animals matters a lot because the nation’s economy is tied to the protection of its wildlife. If Kenya’s wildlife disappears, so does its second-largest source of income.
Wildlife protection efforts in Kenya meant marking off land only for animals. But it also meant that the people who had originally lived in the area were forced to leave their land and into smaller surrounding areas, and they are also finding it increasingly hard to keep a traditional Maasai lifestyle. But people are glad that it really makes a difference to wildlife protection.
1．How did Kasaine track lions?
A．By working together with tourists. B．By running after them all the time.
C．By going to school every day. D．By studying their paw prints.
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Maasai people are born animal lovers.
B．Tourism is a big threat to Kenya’s wildlife.
C．Kenya benefits a lot from its wildlife protection.
D．Small animals are not included in their protection policy.
3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Kenya’s economic development. B．People’s leaving their original homes.
C．Kenya’s second-largest income source. D．Kenyan people’s traditional Maasai lifestyle.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Wildlife protection in Kenya. B．Meeting a dangerous animal.
C．Wilson Kasaine’s wise choice. D．Learning to live with lion.
话题
| 人与社会
| 主题
| 冲动还是理性这种决策模式如何影响我们的生活
| 字数
| 314
|
[08]（24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Every day, we face a range of decisions, from picking a shirt for work to choosing a job. Some of these decisions have far-reaching consequences that may impact the rest of our lives. These choices can be difficult, and we aren’t often aware of the reasons behind why we make certain choices. A new study explores how we make decisions when it comes to short and long-term rewards. It found that we were more impulsive (冲动) with decisions that may bring about an immediate reward than those that have longer-term consequences.
The study was conducted by Professor Pleger from Ruhr University Bochum. The team wanted to know how we make decisions about what to eat and where. They asked participants to choose between smaller immediate rewards and larger rewards that they had to wait for. The longer they waited, the bigger the reward. Brain activity was observed using functional MRI, which shows which parts of the brain are active during decision-making.
The brain observation revealed interesting differences when it came to each type of reward. When people made decisions about money, brain areas responsible for thinking about the future and self-control were more active. When deciding about food, the areas that are linked to immediate satisfaction were more involved. This means that our decision-making pattern depends on the type of reward that we are given.
By understanding how our brains respond to different types of rewards, we may develop better tools that control how we make those decisions that may have serious consequences in our lives. Professor Pleger believes that understanding these differences can lead to new treatments for impulsive behaviors and addictions. For example, Neurofeedback (神经反馈) can observe real-time brain activity to help individuals manage their brain functions, which can help them make particularly difficult decisions, specifically when it comes to unhealthy or addictive choices.
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The process of Pleger’s study. B．The causes of brain activity.
C．The theory of people’s choices. D．The methods of decision making.
2．According to the study, what influences the decision-making pattern?
A．The desire for long-term rewards. B．The kind of reward provided.
C．The ability to control one’s desire. D．The focus on immediate satisfaction.
3．Why does the author mention the example in the last paragraph?
A．To prove the theory of the study. B．To show the application of the study.
C．To compare different types of rewards. D．To praise the usefulness of the Neurofeedback.
4．What can be a best title for the text?
A．How to Make Reasonable Decisions? B．Can You Wait Longer Before Decisions?
C．How Is Decision-Making Pattern Benefit Us? D．Are Your Decisions Based on Impulse or Reason?
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 介绍人类对不同动物的观点会影响动物保护工作
| 字数
| 354
|
[09]（24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Save the gorilla (大猩猩)! Protect tigers! Help the giant kangaroo rats! You’ve probably heard the first two slogans but maybe not the last one. We’re often interested in supporting the protection of animals like gorillas and tigers but less concerned for creatures like rats. Are our stereotypes (刻板印象) affecting which animals we choose to protect?
Researchers have studied how people view animals based on two qualities: “warmth” (how friendly we think they are) and “competence” (how capable they seem). Animals we see as companions, such as dogs and monkeys, score high in both warmth and competence. This makes us eager to protect them. Predators (捕食者) like tigers and bears are seen as competent but not very warm. While some people admire these animals, others may fear or hunt them. Animals viewed as prey (猎物), like cows and rabbits, often receive less attention, but people are prepared to actively harm those considered pests, such as rats and mice.
However, this might not be the full story. National Geographic Magazine asked their readers which animals were the most important to save. Four of the top five fit the companion or predator types-elephants, tigers, whales and polar bears. But the most popular animal to save was the bee. It seems that apart from concerns around warmth and competence, people are aware how species can affect the wider ecosystem and value bees as pollinators (传粉者).
At present, 27,000 species are becoming extinct every year. How do zoos and protection projects decide which animals to support? One factor is the importance of an animal to the wider ecosystem, but this can lead to some difficult choices. It’s reported that in Australia, koalas are much less important to the ecosystem than some lesser-known animals such as woylies. However, they also suggest a solution to this issue. To conserve cute animals, such as koalas, it’s important to protect their entire habitat-and this can save a wide variety of species. It could be that many animals can be sheltered by koalas’ cuteness.
1．What’s the focus of the research?
A．How human views affect animal protection efforts.
B．What qualities different types of animal species have.
C．How human activities influence wildlife populations.
D．What characteristics affect public interest in species.
2．What do we know from paragraph 2?
A．Companions are more capable than others. B．Predators are always feared and hunted.
C．Animals seen as friendly are more protected. D．Pests are generally well-liked by people.
3．Why are bees an important species to save?
A．They are popular pets among humans.
B．They rank high in warmth and competence.
C．They are the largest pollinators in ecosystems.
D．They support species variety through pollination.
4．What’s the purpose of mentioning koalas in the last paragraph?
A．To highlight the popularity of certain cute animals.
B．To offer suggestions on effective koalas protection.
C．To stress the difficulty of making conservation decisions.
D．To inform readers of the importance of habitat protection.
话题
| 人与社会
| 主题
| 讲述“Cleanup Kids”这个由青少年主导的环保组织
| 字数
| 309
|
[10]（24-25高一上·浙江杭州·期末）When nine-year-old Ella and Cash met at Ocean Heroes Bootcamp in July 2019, they immediately connected. Introduced by their moms at the University of British Columbia, they soon became an environmental-activism powerhouse duo (强强组合). “We knew we could make a difference together”, says Cash from Tennessee. Ella, now living in Florida, adds, “We became best friends immediately.”
Their meeting quickly turned into action, leading to the creation of Cleanup Kids — a youth-led non-profit focused on environmental protection. Ella’s strong love for the environment began with a love for sharks, encouraged by bedtime stories about them, along with her experiences cleaning up trash along Vero Beach. Cash’s journey started at seven when he found a single plastic straw on the beach, highlighting the broader issue of plastic pollution threatening countless wildlife, including turtles and seabirds.
Now both 14, they sometimes meet for sea-turtle freeing, scuba diving, or meeting, but mostly stay “closely connected online” while co-leading Cleanup Kids, which has grown to over 200 members worldwide and continues to grow.
“My hope for Cleanup Kids is that it grows from hundreds to thousands of kids, causing a chain of effect that encourages others”, says Ella. Members are tasked with conducting at least one cleanup per month, documenting the rubbish they collect, and aiming for a goal of one million pieces by year’s end, while also sorting and recycling items.
In 2022, they were among 25 projects selected for the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes, which honors exceptional young leaders in North America.
How do you even begin to make that effect? Cash’s best advice is to start small. “I started with a couple of cleanups with my family. Don’t overdo it”, he says. “Kids may be a small part of the population, but we’re 100 percent of the future, and every little action counts.”
1．What do Ella and Cash have in common?
A．They both live in beachside communities.
B．They both worry about rubbish on the beach.
C．They both have environmental activist parents.
D．They both started environmental protection at seven.
2．What effect do Ella and Cash hope to make through Cleanup Kids?
A．Local community connection. B．Creation of a worldwide recycling program.
C．Children’s awareness of pollution. D．Development of new environmental policies.
3．Which of the following can best describe Ella and Cash?
A．Curious and adventurous. B．Warm-hearted and generous.
C．Supportive and outgoing. D．Responsible and determined.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Cleanup Kids: Small but Powerful B．Friends for Nature: Ella and Cash
C．Green Organization: A Non-Profit Project D．Youth in Action: A Path to Change
话题
| 人与社会
| 主题
| 介绍强调父母可帮助青少年形成健康的饮食习惯
| 字数
| 337
|
[21]（24-25高一上·安徽铜陵·期末）“I have a couple of spots for anyone who wants to lose 20 pounds by the holidays! No diets or exercise!” said Katie Hurley, a psychologist who specializes in work with tweens, teens and young adults, “The fact that diet culture all over social media targets grown women is bad enough, but such messaging also reaches tweens and teens. There’s been a noticeable increase in eating disorder, particularly among adolescent girls.”
“My mom is addicted to seeing her Facebook friends losing tons of weight without dieting. Is this real?” The question came from a teen girl who later said she was considering hiring a health coach to help her eat “healthier”. Sadly, the coaching is part of a marketing brand that promotes quick weight loss through calorie restriction (热量限制) and buying costly meal replacements (替代品).
“As we approach the holidays, diet culture is in the air, and it’s certainly on social media,” said Dr. Hina, “It’s so powerful that even if it’s not targeted at teens, they are absorbing it by receiving it continuously or hearing parents talk about it.”
Social media isn’t the only place young people come across harmful messaging about body image and weight loss. Teens are flooded with so-called “healthy eating” content on TV and in popular culture, at school and while engaged in after-school or social activities, at home and in public spaces like malls or grocery stores— and even in restaurants.
Today’s teens are getting the message that “clean eating” results in a better body and increased happiness. Diets cutting out all carbohydrates, dairy products, gluten (谷蛋白), and meat-based proteins are popular among teens. Yet this mindset can cause food anxiety, addictive checking of food labels and dangerous calorie restriction.
The good news is that parents can take an active role in helping teens form healthier eating habits. “It’s important to remember this: parents are influencers, too,” said Hanson, “What we say and do matters to our teens.”
1．Why did the author mention Katie Hurley’ words in Paragragh 1?
A．To explain results. B．To list examples.
C．To raise a theory. D．To introduce a topic.
2．What do we know about today’s young people according to the text?
A．They get power from other teens. B．They may suffer from food anxiety.
C．They employ coaches to go on a diet. D．They are addicted to meal replacements.
3．What may help teens form the healthier eating habits according to Hanson?
A．TV programs. B．Parents’ influence.
C．Restaurants’ service. D．Social activities.
4．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Body Image and Teenagers B．Why Healthy Eating Is Important
C．How Diet Culture Affects Teenagers D．The Role of Social Media in Teen Health
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 介绍利用人工智能工具分析企鹅照片优势、应用以及存在的争议
| 字数
| 314
|
[12]（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期末）With an AI tool, researchers study penguin photos taken by tourists and scientists to track Adélie penguins in Antarctica. “Right now, everyone has a camera in their pocket, and the number of photos we could collect for studying will be out of our expectation,” says Thomas Brown, a scientist from an international research team.
With guidance from an expert, the AI tool is able to get a handle on and draw out the penguin groups in photos. Compared with human, the AI finds and marks Adélie penguins in these photos more quickly, taking only 5 to 10 seconds per image.
The team created a 3D map of the Antarctica to know exactly where the photos were taken. By identifying the details in the tourist pictures, the researchers could place the photographer and the habitats of the Adélie penguin groups within the 3D map to get a bird’s eye view. This allows researchers to track how Adélie penguin groups change in location and population size over time. Such tracking is important because it can tell the climate changes. That is what researchers want to know. Similarly, the AI tool can also use historical photos to track natural signs such as glacier (冰川) changes that develop very slowly and may only be obvious by looking across many years.
Opinions about AI tools are different among researchers. Some worry that using tourist photos for research may encourage more people to visit Antarctica, which might lead to more tourist activities and could destroy the ecosystem in the end. However, for Thomas, he believes studying tourist photos with the AI tool could be useful, especially as many penguin groups have not been noticed by the research community. “Since Antarctica is hard to study twenty-four-seven,” says Thomas, “this method is helpful for keeping an eye on penguin groups that might only get studied once in a while.”
1．Why do the research team use an AI tool in their study?
A．To collect the photos from tourists. B．To follow moving paths of penguins.
C．To study the photos taken by tourists. D．To identify the 3D map of Antarctica.
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “get a handle on” in Paragraph 2?
A．Identify. B．Ignore.
C．Explore. D．Revise.
3．What do researchers want to know by tracking Adélie penguins?
A．Glacier sizes. B．Location marks.
C．Climate changes. D．Penguin numbers.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．3D map helps locate penguin groups. B．Adélie penguins help develop AI tools.
C．Penguins show signs of climate change. D．Researchers use AI to track penguin groups.
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 介绍鸟的睡眠周期短还阐述其站着睡的平衡机制
| 字数
| 347
|
[13]（24-25高一上·广东·期末）Some of life’s simplest mysteries can prove the hardest to solve. One such mystery is how a bird sleeps, especially while it’s on a branch.
The sleep cycle during our deepest sleep lasts for several minutes, but in birds, it lasts hardly 10 seconds; they will keep one part of their brain awake, which you might notice when a bird has one eye open. This will allow birds to run away from a hunt at a moment’s notice, even when they’re in the middle of a sleep.
To fall asleep, a bird’s body goes through a series of changes, one of which is that the muscles lose their hardness, which happens as a main result of reduced brain control of muscle movement. To stand perfectly balanced on a branch while the muscles become weak isn’t easy. Anyone who has tried to sleep while standing on a train would know this. So when a bird lowers itself, its talons (爪子) automatically and involuntarily bend and hold on tightly to the branch, and until the leg is straightened, the talons will not relax. The key behind this mechanism (机制) is the bird’s flexor tendons (屈肌腱) that connect muscles to bones. The flexor tendon stretches, thus bending the bird’s toes.
But a recent paper found that sleeping European starlings (a common bird found in North America and Europe) don’t use the mechanism. The researchers observed that the birds bent their knees only slightly, not enough for the mechanism to kick into action. The toes, as a result, were largely unbent, and the birds balanced on the central part of their feet while they slept.
“Birds are varied and unique, exhibiting different bodies, physiologies, and behaviors depending on which species, genus, or family one studies. Sleep cycles differ just as widely. While we may not know the whole story yet, there is no denying that it is remarkable that birds manage this balancing act daily!” said Salama, who has a degree in life sciences and biochemistry from St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai.
1．What does the underlined word “This” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Birds’ light sleep style.
B．The variation in sleep cycles.
C．Birds’ special brain structure.
D．The continuation of deep sleep.
2．What is the role of flexor tendons in helping birds balance on branches?
A．Enabling the power of birds’ legs.
B．Stretching to make talons bend and lock.
C．Controlling muscles’ hardness and movement.
D．Connecting muscles to strengthen their functions.
3．What can we infer from Salama’s words?
A．Learning birds’ habits needs cooperation.
B．Denying birds’ importance is unwise.
C．Studying birds’ sleep has challenges.
D．Knowing birds’ balancing acts is useful.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Why Do Birds Require Less Sleep?
B．Why Do European Starlings Sleep Differently?
C．Why Do Sleeping Birds Have One Eye Open?
D．Why Don’t Sleeping Birds Fall Off Branches?
话题
| 人与自我
| 主题
| 介绍人工智能可以准确从大脑活动中解码语音
| 字数
| 335
|
[14]（24-25高一上·广东深圳·期末）An artificial intelligence can decode (解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising accuracy. Using only a few seconds of brain activity data, the AI guesses what a person has heard. It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities, researchers found in a primary study.
Developed by the parent company of Facebook, Meta, the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world who are unable to communicate through speech, typing or gestures.
Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to put in electrodes (电极). This new approach “could provide a possible path to help patients with communication problems, avoiding the use of surgeries,” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King, a Meta AI researcher. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool, also known as a language model, to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages. The team applied an AI with this language model to databases from four institutions that included brain activity from 169 volunteers. In these databases, participants listened to various stories and sentences, while the people’s brains were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) (脑磁图).
Then with the help of a computational method that helps account for physical differences among actual brains, the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person. The team instructed the AI to match up the speech sounds from the story recordings with patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing. It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time, given more than 1,000 possibilities. Using MEG, the correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses, the researchers found.
“The new study is the decoding of speech recognition, not production,” King agrees. “Though speech production is the final goal, for now, we're quite a long way away.”
1．Whom might the AI benefit?
A．People unable to read. B．People who are unconscious.
C．People who can't move around. D．People unable to communicate normally.
2．What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A．The purpose of the AI. B．The significance of the AI.
C．The advantage of the AI. D．The working principle of the AI.
3．What does the AI require to make its prediction?
A．Speech production. B．Top ten guesses.
C．Patterns of brain activity. D．Disabled volunteers.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．A New Way to Decode Speech B．The Employment of MEG Technology
C．An Advance in Artificial Intelligence D．A Solution to Communication Problems
话题
| 人与自我
| 主题
| 讲述倾听的好处以及如何在倾听时避免感到疲惫
| 字数
| 329
|
[15]（24-25高一上·广东广州·期末）Conversations are like two-way streets: we take turns speaking and listening. While we often focus on what we say, there’s something effective in the act of listening. It can build trust, strengthen social relationships, and deepen our understanding of the world around us. So, it’s no surprise that when we think of listening, positive words like trust, respect, understanding and growth come to mind.
But here’s where it gets difficult — being a good listener isn’t easy. It can cause emotional tiredness, especially in tough conversations. Think about the last time someone expressed their disappointment or shared their pain with you. How did you feel?
My co-workers and I recently explored the downsides of listening in a study with school teachers. We found the more effort teachers put into listening, the more they reported feeling burned out.
Why does this happen? For teachers, listening isn't just about hearing words — it also means taking in their students’ emotional challenges, disappointments and struggles, especially when teachers feel responsible for solving problems they may have no way or time to deal with. Over time, this emotional pressure increases, leading to burnout finally.
And this isn’t just a problem for teachers, it affects all of us. Whether we're parents, partners, friends, or co-workers, we all find ourselves in situations where we have to listen to others’ worries and stresses since we' re continuously connected and expected to be there for others.
So, how can we listen without burning out?
First, focus on listening without planning your response. This keeps you there and allows the speaker to feel truly heard. Second, understand that sometimes just listening is beneficial — don’t feel responsible to fix the problem unless you’re asked for advice. Finally, don't always feel like you have to respond or paraphrase. While paraphrasing can be helpful in many situations, when someone is sharing a really bad experience, like the loss of a loved one, mirroring those emotions back to them may only deepen their pain.
1．What can listening bring us according to paragraph 1?
A．Physical growth. B．Good relationship.
C．Economic support. D．Professional knowledge.
2．What does the underlined word “downsides” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Methods. B．Results. C．Challenges. D．Disadvantages.
3．In the study, why did teachers feel burnout?
A．They failed to understand students’ struggles.
B．They were forced to solve students’ challenges.
C．They heard too many students’ emotional problems.
D．They suffered growing stress for not helping students out.
4．What is suggested for listening?
A．Listen without doing anything else. B．Repeat someone’s problem to themselves.
C．Solve the speaker’s problem immediately. D．Think about your answer while listening.
话题
| 人与自然
| 主题
| 介绍斯瓦尔巴全球种子库的建立及其对全球粮食安全的重要性
| 字数
| 339
|
[16]（24-25高一上·广东茂名·期末）About 20 years ago, Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wanted to stop hunger and protect the world’s food supply.
Fowler and Hawtin’s goal was to keep a supply of seeds (种子) safe if existing seed banks were put at risk by war, climate change, or other dangers. They decided to build their storage building into the side of a mountain north of the Arctic Circle.
Their idea became the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard. The vault opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples from nearly every country in the world. The structure was built into the side of a mountain. It protects the seeds of over 6,000 kinds of agriculturally (农业上) important plants. Fowler and Hawtin were named the 2024 World Food Prize winners for their work.
For many years, countries have created seed banks to store seeds for future use. But Fowler said he was concerned that climate change would cause disorder in agriculture. This would make the seed supply even more important.
Hawtin said there were a lot of threats to crops in the past, such as insects, disease, and political unrest. He said that climate change has made these problems worse. So, he and Fowler saw a need for additional safe seed storage. Hawtin explained that climate change is changing insects and diseases. He added, “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been important ones.”
Fowler and Hawtin said they hope to win the World Food Prize. It will help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Managing them is not too exorbitant. However, the financial (财政的) support needs to continue forever.
Norman Borlaug set up the World Food Prize. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in what is called the “Green Revolution”. That was a big effort to make crops more productive so the world’s growing population would not go hungry.
1．What is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault?
A．A farm. B．A garden.
C．A storehouse. D．A seed bank.
2．What can we know about Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin?
A．They both come from Norway.
B．They are concerned about future climate change.
C．They will be recommended for the Nobel Peace Prize.
D．They may fail to win the World Food Prize.
3．What does the underlined “exorbitant” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Costly. B．Worried. C．Satisfying. D．Simple.
4．Why does the author mention Norman Borlaug in the last paragraph?
A．To stress the importance of agriculture. B．To introduce a Nobel Prize winner.
C．To provide more background. D．To discuss the population problem.
话题
| 人与动物
| 主题
| 研究发现小山雀之间使用翅膀动作进行非言语沟通的新现象
| 字数
| 328
|
[17]（24-25高一上·河南漯河·期末）A team of researchers has uncovered an unusual thing of communication between birds. The study says that small tits (山雀) use wing gestures to communicate a polite “after you” to their mates.
The findings are very important in our understanding of non-verbal communication in the animal kingdom, particularly among birds.
Human communication heavily relies on gestures, such as giving a thumbs-up, waving goodbye, or pointing to pass on messages without the use of words. This way of communication was once thought to be only used by humans until observations of chimpanzees (黑猩猩) showed their ability to use body movement to express themselves non-verbally.
However, the idea of symbolic gesturing, such as a human showing an open hand to signal “after you” has not been observed in non-human species until now.
“In our latest discovery, we’ve found that the tits use some gestures to communicate with their mates,” said Toshitaka Suzuki, one of the researchers. These birds, which form mating pairs and build their nests in the tree, show a unique form of gestural communication. When arriving at the nest with food, a pair of birds would often stay nearby, and one would flutter its wings towards the other, signaling for its mate to enter the nest first. This wing-fluttering gesture, mainly shown by females, determines the order of nest entry, mirroring the human “after you” gesture.
“We were surprised to find that the results were much clearer than we had expected. We observed that a tit fluttered its wings only in the presence of its mate, and upon seeing this behavior, the mate almost always entered the nest first,” said Suzuki.
The scientists’ work not only shows the rich animal languages but offers key insights into the origins and evolution (进化) of language itself. “Language may evolve from gestural communication.” Suzuki said, “So these studies can help us understand the evolution of complex communication, including our own language.”
1．What does the underlined word “non-verbal” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Spoken. B．Written. C．Noisy. D．Silent.
2．According to Suzuki, what does the wing-flutter mean for tits?
A．A threat to other species. B．An attraction for their mates.
C．A signal for first nest entry. D．A casual action with no purpose.
3．What is the significance of studying animal gestures?
A．Showing animals can copy human speech. B．Proving all species communicate similarly.
C．Highlighting humans’ uniqueness in language. D．Aiding in understanding language evolution.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．The Evolution of Animal Communication. B．The Wing-fluttering Gestures of Small Tits.
C．The Discovery of Symbolic Gestures in Birds. D．The Role of Gestures in Animal Communication.
话题
| 人与社会
| 主题
| 利用技术帮助老年人在家独立生活并减轻他们家庭的照顾负担
| 字数
| 328
|
[18]（24-25高一上·河南驻马店·期末）As people age, they often share common desires: to remain in their own homes, to maintain their independence for as long as possible, and to rely on family and friends for support when necessary. This concept (概念) of staying in their home as they age is known as “aging in place”. However, many older adults and their families have concerns about safety and daily activities.
When Weakley lived 400 miles from her 82-year-old grandmother, Janet Dibkey, who was living alone and showing early signs of memory loss, the long distance and lack of care brought Weakley constant worry. Janet Dibkey is among more than 90% of older adults who want to spend their later years in their own homes. Weakley is one of more than 53 million Americans as a caregiver. She is also a researcher helping older Americans maintain independence through communication tools and technology.
Created in partnership with caregivers and other experts, Weakley designed the Interactive Care Platform, or I-Care, to connect older adults experiencing mental disability to their family members who live apart for support in completing these important daily activities, such as managing medicine, paying bills on time and remembering to attend appointments.
I-Care has a homepage that lists weather conditions, upcoming events and recent caregiver messages, and a calendar that can be changed by both the care receiver and caregiver. Besides, there is a messaging center where care partners can send messages and make video calls and a goals section where individuals can track brain health behaviors such as exercise and cognitive (认知) engagement.
“Dr. Weakley’s creative work is very exciting because she is using technology to support families in ways that are both practical and meaningful. It addresses social isolation and loneliness in the care receiver and stress and worry in the caregiver, which is important for well-being in daily life for both people with memory loss and their families,” a reporter from USA Today said.
1．What do we learn about older people according to paragraph 1?
A．They aren’t concerned about safety. B．They only depend on family for care.
C．They prefer to stay in their homes. D．They don’t have enough daily activities.
1．Why was Weakley worried about her grandmother?
A．Her grandmother wanted to live on her own.
B．Her grandmother suffered from a serious disease.
C．She couldn’t live up to her grandmother’s expectations.
D．She couldn’t look after her grandmother for living far.
2．Which of the following best describes I-Care?
A．It ensures the safety of older people. B．It provides effective medical treatment.
C．It prevents memory loss of older members. D．It benefits both older people and their families.
3．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．I-Care Helping Older Adults Age in Place.
B．New Tech Changing the Life of Older People.
C．I-Care Reducing the Stress of the Elderly People.
D．New Tech Treating Older Adults for Memory Loss.
话题
| 人与自我
| 主题
| 介绍了《你当像鸟飞往你的山》这本书以及作者的阅读感受
| 字数
| 336
|
[19]（24-25高一上·河南驻马店·期末）Educated is a memoir (回忆录) by Tara Westover, a woman who grows up as the youngest of seven in a rural Idaho Mormon community. She and her brothers were all born at home and are homeschooled, and her parents are deeply doubtful about the government. Her father fears that public education standards are just brainwashing.
The story is told in three parts. Part One details her childhood. Westover describes her father’s radicalization (激进). In Part Two, Westover goes to college at BYU. She describes the culture shock of being confused about what the Holocaust (大屠杀) was. Then she has to learn about history and struggles through her first romantic relationship. Finally in Part Three, Westover goes to Cambridge for her PhD, attempts to face her family issues and brings us up to date with her life now.
Educated is an attractive book on various levels. As a personal journey for Westover, it’s successful. Westover goes from receiving little education to eventually getting her PhD at Cambridge. As a story, it’s unique. Westover’s experiences make for a different viewpoint. And as a reader, it’s interesting to consider how her views are shaped.
To be honest, in the beginning Educated was not on my reading list until it became a real hit. It’s highly personal and not a topic I am particularly interested in. I feel that perhaps Westover wrote this book too soon. It seems like the story we’re reading is the one she’s built on purpose to make sense of everything that happened to her. I imagine she still has a longer journey to really process it all and what it means. And, when the book concludes, things are largely unsolved with her family. However, Westover’s story of struggle has inspired a lot of readers, including me. Besides, from this book I have a better understanding that education is really an important process of self-discovery — of developing a sense of self and what you think.
1．Why are Tara and her brothers homeschooled?
A．They can’t afford to go to school. B．There aren’t schools in the community.
C．Their parents don’t trust the government. D．Their parents are well educated to teach them.
2．What can we know about Tara Westover from Educated?
A．She has a happy childhood. B．She’s awarded her PHD at BYU.
C．She once suffered culture shock. D．She has trouble getting on with others.
3．What may first cause the author to choose the book?
A．It is quite enjoyed by readers. B．Its topic attracts the author.
C．The story is very interesting. D．Its content is new to the author.
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards this book?
A．Uncertain. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Subjective.
话题
| 科普知识
| 主题
| 介绍作者讲述前往奥地利因斯布鲁克旅行的经历
| 字数
| 300
|
[20]（24-25高一上·河南洛阳·期末）With the recent relaxation in travel, I found myself visiting Innsbruck, the capital city of the state of Tyrol in Western Austria.
This amazing destination is surrounded within snow capped mountains and is perfect for a short break. You can even enjoy a breathtaking sight at Innsbruck airport as the plane gently moves between the mountains on its journey to the runway.
The city is a combination of modern and historic buildings, serving both as a thriving (繁荣的) university town and a popular tourist centre. Walking through cobbled(铺砌的)streets and specially designed buildings, I could not help but be impressed by this awe-inspiring city. I learned from my guide-book that Innsbruck was the imperial capital 500 years ago when the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I settled here, and it still lives up to its royal (王室的)connections today with its lavish (奢侈的) and amazing buildings. I walked round this city which was easy to explore on foot, amazed at the dramatic backdrop of the Nordkette mountain range which offers skiing, hiking via the Nordkettenbahnen cable railway which is just a 20-minute ride from the centre of Innsbruck. The Goldenes Dachl (“Golden Roof”), an important landmark in Innsbruck shining in the sunlight, can be viewed from the street, and took my breath away.
Of course, no visit to Innsbruck is complete without sampling traditional Austrian food including my personal favourite—apple strudel with vanilla cream. Roadside cafes are plentiful in the city and there is nothing more relaxing than sitting in the sunshine, drinking coffee and watching the world go by. Innsbruck stole my heart with its amazing buildings, great mountains and friendly people. I cannot wait to return to sample more of this delightful European city.
1．How is the text developed?
A．By telling some fact files. B．By providing the latest news.
C．By comparing now and past. D．By following the order of time.
2．What did the author do in the city?
A．He went skiing. B．He viewed Golden Roof.
C．He climbed the mountain. D．He took a 20-minute ride.
3．What does the underlined word “sampling” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Making. B．Tasting. C．Buying. D．Serving.
4．What’s a suitable title for the text?
A．Innsbruck-My Great Hometown
B．Guidelines on Traveling in Innsbruck
C．A Combination of Present and History
D．My Great Escape-Inspiring Innsbruck
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