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2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（北师大版2019）
考点串讲01 过去完成时用法精讲精炼原卷版
一、概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。
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过去的过去 过去 现在
二、构成：
过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrivedat the hotel.
She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.
三、场合：
句型一：had meant to do sth…but…原本打算做某事但是……
用法精讲：hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时后接不定式时，表示未曾实现的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做) ”。
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I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.
我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的，但我忘了寄了。
We had meant to catch the7:00 train, but we missed it.
我们原想坐7:00的火车，可没赶上。
句型二：This was the first time that…这是某人第一次做某事
用法精讲：主语可以是It/ That /This，that从句用相应的过去完成时。
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It was the second time he had been out with her.
这是他第二次和她一道出去。
It was the first time that the movie had been shown in our city.
这是这部电影第一次在我们城市放映。
句型三：No sooner +had+主语+过去分词+than+…刚一……就……
用法精讲：no sooner后用过去完成时且需倒装。
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No sooner had the rain stopped than we reached home.
我们一到家雨就停了。
No sooner had she hung up the phone than she remembered something important.
她刚挂掉电话，就想起了重要的事。
句型四：Hardly +had+主语+过去分词+when+…刚一……就……
Hardly had he finished his homework when his mother asked him to clean the room.
他刚完成作业，妈妈就叫他打扫房间。
Hardly had she saved the document when the power went out.
她刚保存完文件，就停电了。
句型五：It was the +形容词最高级+名词+ that…定语从句
用法精讲：主句需用一般过去时，定语从句用过去完成时。
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It was the most beautiful sunset that I had ever seen in my life.
这是我一生中见过的最美的日落。
It was the happiest moment that our family had experienced together.
这是我们一家人一起经历过的最幸福的时刻。
句型六：主语+had +过去分词…+ by…/by the end of…/by the time….
用法精讲：by + 过去时间点（如 by 2025, by last week）；by the end of + 过去时间段（如 by the end of June,
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by the end of the decade）；by the time + 一般过去时从句。
By the time I arrived, they had already left the party.
我到达时，他们已经离开了派对。
By the end of last year, she had written three novels.
到去年年底，她已经写了三本小说。
句型七：I wish that….had done 表示与过去事实相反
用法精讲：I wish that... 后接从句时，若表达对过去事实的相反假设，从句必须用过去完成时。
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I wish that I had taken better care of my health in the past.
我真希望过去能更爱护自己的健康。
I wish that I had studied harder when I was young.
我真希望年轻时更努力学习。
句型八：I would rather that….had done 表示与过去事实相反
用法精讲：该句型强调 “对过去已发生的事情感到遗憾”，带有强烈的 “懊悔” 或 “假设” 色彩。
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I would rather that I had saved money instead of buying the car.
我宁愿当时存钱而不是买那辆车。
I would rather that I had spoken more politely to my teacher.
我宁愿当时对老师说话更礼貌些。
句型九：if only…表示与过去事实相反
用法精讲：表示 “要是…… 就好了”（可惜过去未能实现）。
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If only she had told me the truth earlier.
要是她早点告诉我真相就好了。
If only we had arrived at the station five minutes earlier.
要是我们早五分钟到车站就好了。
句型十：If虚拟条件句(表示与过去事实相反)+主句（would have done）
用法精讲：从句（与过去相反）：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词。
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If the driver had stopped at the red light, the accident would have been avoided.
如果司机当时在红灯前停车，事故就会被避免了。
If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
如果我们早点出发，就会赶上火车了。
句型十一：主句为一般过去时，宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
用法精讲：宾语从句：过去完成时（had + 过去分词），强调动作在主句谓语之前发生。
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My friend told me that she had lost her keys that morning.
朋友告诉我她那天早上把钥匙弄丢了。
She regretted that she had not taken the doctor’s advice earlier.
她后悔没有早点听取医生的建议。
句型十二：在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，从句动作在前的，要用过去完成时。
用法精讲：主句（一般过去时） + 状语从句（had + 过去分词）
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The sun had set when we reached the mountain top.
我们到达山顶时，太阳已经落山了。
She was upset because she had lost her wallet.
她因为丢了钱包而难过。
四、辨析：
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.时间状语不同：
过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
到昨天十点时，他们已经到达车站了。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到达车站。
2. 动作顺序的体现
一般过去时：多个过去动作按时间顺序依次发生，用and连接时动词均用过去式。过去完成时：明确两个过去动作的 先后顺序，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。
She got up at 7:00, had breakfast, and went to school.
她七点起床，吃早饭，然后去上学。
He had finished his work before he went to bed.
他睡前已经完成了工作。
五、训练（单句填空）
1．（24-25高一下•黑龙江哈尔滨•期中）In order to hide his sadness, he talked and laughed as if nothing _________ (happen).
2．（24-25高一下•北京•期中）By the time she retired, her decisions _________ (lead) the company to success.
3．（24-25高一上•江西南昌•期末）By the end of last year, they_________ (treat) over 800 patients.
4．（24-25高一下•江苏无锡•阶段练习）By the time his father died of cancer, Jack _________ (forgive) him for childhood abuse.
5．（24-25高一下•四川成都•期中）By the end of last month, the school _________ (equip) all the laboratories with the latest scientific instruments.
6．（24-25高一下•江西南昌•阶段练习）By the time I graduated from high school, I _________ (read) over 100 classic novels.
7．（24-25高一下•陕西汉中•阶段练习）By the time he graduated, he _________ (invent) dozens of things.
8．（24-25高一上•山东济宁•阶段练习）My mom _________ (finish) cooking the dinner before I got home yesterday.
9．（24-25高一上•北京•期中）He told me that he _________ (make) several friends since he worked in the new company.
10．（24-25高一下•江苏常州•阶段练习）The company _________ (mean) to launch a new product in the spring, but delays in production forced them to postpone.
11．（2025高一•全国•专题练习）I _________ (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
12．（24-25高一下•全国•课后作业）Hardly _________ the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.
13．（24-25高一上•北京•期末）By the time we arrived at the party, the other guests _________ (leave).
14．（24-25高一上•江苏无锡•阶段练习）By the end of 1999, about 1000 newspapers in China _________ (found) their own online news platform.
15．（24-25高一•全国•假期作业）By the time he was twelve, Edison _________ (build) his own chemistry lab.
16．（24-25高一上•江苏无锡•期中）It was the second time that Jim _________ (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness.
17．（24-25高一上•黑龙江双鸭山•阶段练习）He _________ (rush) out of the spot before I could catch him in time.
18．（24-25高一上•全国•课后作业）It was the first time that Jane _________ (visit) the Great Wall, so she felt very excited.
19．（24-25高一上•全国•课后作业）I _________ (remind) my sister twice to buy a bag of salt, but she still forgot.
20．（24-25高一上•江苏盐城•期中）It was the third time that month that my grandma _________ (forget) something important.
六、训练（语篇填空）
（2020·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1 , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born, more food 4 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5 (change) lives.
By about 6000 BC，people 6 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 7 (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 9 rise of science, changes began. New methods 10 (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
（24-25高一下·广东·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I graduated from the Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine in 1994, and 11 (work) in orthopedics (骨科) for 26 years by the time I took part in 12 Chinese Medical Volunteers tour in Yushu, Qinghai province in August 2020.
Then, I used TCM approaches, such as acupuncture and 13 (herb) patches (贴片) on acupuncture points to treat a variety of health problems, including knee injuries, aching muscles and sharp pains. These conditions are 14 (primary) caused by the local people’s herding practices and the tough environment 15 they live, and are also associated with some of their unhealthy living habits.
TCM methods can only relieve the pain for a short time, and sometimes they are unable to address the fundamental causes. So, I suggested that Chinese Medical Volunteers perform surgeries locally 16 bring the patients to better developed regions for treatment. The plan came to fruition, and we successfully completed surgeries on 21 patients. One surgery had to 17 (cancel) because the patient had severe heart failure.
As the head of the surgical team, I was 18 a lot of pressure because we were responsible for ensuring the safety of every patient, 19 (rid) them of their pain and improving their quality of life. The goal of our action was not just to conduct surgeries, but also 20 (provide) local medical workers with hands - on training, so local villagers would still be able to access quality treatment conveniently after we left.
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