|
|
2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（北师大版2019）
考点串讲01 过去完成时用法精讲精炼 解析版
一、概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。
----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->
过去的过去 过去 现在
二、构成：
过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrivedat the hotel.
She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.
三、场合：
句型一：had meant to do sth…but…原本打算做某事但是……
用法精讲：hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时后接不定式时，表示未曾实现的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做) ”。
|
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.
我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的，但我忘了寄了。
We had meant to catch the7:00 train, but we missed it.
我们原想坐7:00的火车，可没赶上。
句型二：This was the first time that…这是某人第一次做某事
用法精讲：主语可以是It/ That /This，that从句用相应的过去完成时。
|
It was the second time he had been out with her.
这是他第二次和她一道出去。
It was the first time that the movie had been shown in our city.
这是这部电影第一次在我们城市放映。
句型三：No sooner +had+主语+过去分词+than+…刚一……就……
用法精讲：no sooner后用过去完成时且需倒装。
|
No sooner had the rain stopped than we reached home.
我们一到家雨就停了。
No sooner had she hung up the phone than she remembered something important.
她刚挂掉电话，就想起了重要的事。
句型四：Hardly +had+主语+过去分词+when+…刚一……就……
Hardly had he finished his homework when his mother asked him to clean the room.
他刚完成作业，妈妈就叫他打扫房间。
Hardly had she saved the document when the power went out.
她刚保存完文件，就停电了。
句型五：It was the +形容词最高级+名词+ that…定语从句
用法精讲：主句需用一般过去时，定语从句用过去完成时。
|
It was the most beautiful sunset that I had ever seen in my life.
这是我一生中见过的最美的日落。
It was the happiest moment that our family had experienced together.
这是我们一家人一起经历过的最幸福的时刻。
句型六：主语+had +过去分词…+ by…/by the end of…/by the time….
用法精讲：by + 过去时间点（如 by 2025, by last week）；by the end of + 过去时间段（如 by the end of June, by the end of the decade）；by the time + 一般过去时从句。
|
By the time I arrived, they had already left the party.
我到达时，他们已经离开了派对。
By the end of last year, she had written three novels.
到去年年底，她已经写了三本小说。
句型七：I wish that….had done 表示与过去事实相反
用法精讲：I wish that... 后接从句时，若表达对过去事实的相反假设，从句必须用过去完成时。
|
I wish that I had taken better care of my health in the past.
我真希望过去能更爱护自己的健康。
I wish that I had studied harder when I was young.
我真希望年轻时更努力学习。
句型八：I would rather that….had done 表示与过去事实相反
用法精讲：该句型强调 “对过去已发生的事情感到遗憾”，带有强烈的 “懊悔” 或 “假设” 色彩。
|
I would rather that I had saved money instead of buying the car.
我宁愿当时存钱而不是买那辆车。
I would rather that I had spoken more politely to my teacher.
我宁愿当时对老师说话更礼貌些。
句型九：if only…表示与过去事实相反
用法精讲：ifonly表示 “要是…… 就好了”（可惜过去未能实现）。
|
If only she had told me the truth earlier.
要是她早点告诉我真相就好了。
If only we had arrived at the station five minutes earlier.
要是我们早五分钟到车站就好了。
句型十：If虚拟条件句(表示与过去事实相反)+主句（would have done）
用法精讲：从句（与过去相反）：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词。
|
If the driver had stopped at the red light, the accident would have been avoided.
如果司机当时在红灯前停车，事故就会被避免了。
If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train.
如果我们早点出发，就会赶上火车了。
句型十一：主句为一般过去时，宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
用法精讲：宾语从句：过去完成时（had + 过去分词），强调动作在主句谓语之前发生。
|
My friend told me that she had lost her keys that morning.
朋友告诉我她那天早上把钥匙弄丢了。
She regretted that she had not taken the doctor’s advice earlier.
她后悔没有早点听取医生的建议。
句型十二：在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，从句动作在前的，要用过去完成时。
用法精讲：主句（一般过去时） + 状语从句（had + 过去分词）
|
The sun had set when we reached the mountain top.
我们到达山顶时，太阳已经落山了。
She was upset because she had lost her wallet.
她因为丢了钱包而难过。
四、辨析：
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.时间状语不同：
过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
到昨天十点时，他们已经到达车站了。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到达车站。
2. 动作顺序的体现
一般过去时：多个过去动作按时间顺序依次发生，用and连接时动词均用过去式。过去完成时：明确两个过去动作的 先后顺序，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。
She got up at 7:00, had breakfast, and went to school.
她七点起床，吃早饭，然后去上学。
He had finished his work before he went to bed.
他睡前已经完成了工作。
五、训练（单句填空）
1．（24-25高一下•黑龙江哈尔滨•期中）In order to hide his sadness, he talked and laughed as if nothing _________ (happen).
【答案】had happened
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：为了掩饰自己的悲伤，他谈笑风生，好像什么都没发生过。由talked and laughed可知，as if引导的从句表示与过去相反的事实，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had happened。故填had happened。
2．（24-25高一下•北京•期中）By the time she retired, her decisions _________ (lead) the company to success.
【答案】had led
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到她退休的时候，她的决策已经带领公司走向了成功。本空为主句谓语，根据时间状语By the time she retired可知，主句的动作lead“带领”发生在从句动作retired之前，即“过去的过去”，主句时态要用过去完成时。故填had led。
3．（24-25高一上•江西南昌•期末）By the end of last year, they_________ (treat) over 800 patients.
【答案】had treated
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：到去年年底，他们已经治疗了800多名病人。根据上文“By the end of last year(到去年年底之前)”可知，本句时间是指“过去的过去”，所以本句时态用过去完成时。故填had treated。
4．（24-25高一下•江苏无锡•阶段练习）By the time his father died of cancer, Jack _________ (forgive) him for childhood abuse.
【答案】had forgiven
【详解】考查时态。句意：直到父亲死于癌症时，杰克已经原谅了父亲童年时的虐待。根据上文By the time his father died of cancer可知表示过去的过去，为过去完成时，故填had forgiven。
5．（24-25高一下•四川成都•期中）By the end of last month, the school _________ (equip) all the laboratories with the latest scientific instruments.
【答案】had equipped
【详解】考查动词时态。 句意：到上个月末，学校已经为所有实验室配备了最新的科学仪器。时间状语by the end of last month表示“截止到上个月末”，强调过去某个时间点之前完成的动作，需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。故填had equipped。
6．（24-25高一下•江西南昌•阶段练习）By the time I graduated from high school, I _________ (read) over 100 classic novels.
【答案】had read
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到我高中毕业的时候，我已经读了100多本经典小说。read“读”。本空在句中作谓语，根据时间状语By the time I graduated from high school可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had read。故填had read。
7．（24-25高一下•陕西汉中•阶段练习）By the time he graduated, he _________ (invent) dozens of things.
【答案】had invented
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到他毕业的时候，他已经发明了很多东西。根据上文By the time he graduated可知，此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had invented。
8．（24-25高一上•山东济宁•阶段练习）My mom _________ (finish) cooking the dinner before I got home yesterday.
【答案】had finished
【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天我到家之前，我妈妈已经做好晚饭了。本空作主句谓语，finish“完成”这一动作发生在got home之前，即此处表示“过去的过去”，时态应用过去完成时。故填had finished。
9．（24-25高一上•北京•期中）He told me that he _________ (make) several friends since he worked in the new company.
【答案】had made
【详解】考查时态。句意：他告诉我自从他在新公司工作以来，他交了几个朋友。根据后文 since he worked in the new company可知用现在完成时，此处主句told可知为一般过去时，从句应用相对应的过去时态，用过去完成时。故填had made。
10．（24-25高一下•江苏常州•阶段练习）The company _________ (mean) to launch a new product in the spring, but delays in production forced them to postpone.
【答案】had meant
【详解】考查时态。句意：该公司原本打算在春季推出一款新产品，但生产的延误迫使他们推迟了计划。根据语境可知表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had meant。
11．（2025高一•全国•专题练习）I _________ (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
【答案】had intended
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我昨天原本打算去外出的，但是有一个不速之客来访。根据“yesterday”和“but”可知，此处表示过去没有实现的愿望，需用虚拟语气，应用过去完成时had intended to do。故填had intended。
12．（24-25高一下•全国•课后作业）Hardly _________ the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.
【答案】had
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：警察一接到报警电话就赶到了现场。这里用了hardly… when…句型，表示“一……就……”，“警察接到报警电话”发生在“赶到现场”之前，主句时态应用过去完成时，且hardly置于句首，句子部分倒装，had放在主语the police之前。故填had。
13．（24-25高一上•北京•期末）By the time we arrived at the party, the other guests _________ (leave).
【答案】had left
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我们到达聚会时，其他客人已经离开了。根据“By the time we arrived at the party”可知，表达的是“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。故填had left。
14．（24-25高一上•江苏无锡•阶段练习）By the end of 1999, about 1000 newspapers in China _________ (found) their own online news platform.
【答案】had founded
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到1999年底，中国约有1000家报纸建立了自己的网络新闻平台。根据时间状语“By the end of 1999”可知，此处使用过去完成时，表示到过去某一时间点为止就已经完成了的动作，故填had founded。
15．（24-25高一•全国•假期作业）By the time he was twelve, Edison _________ (build) his own chemistry lab.
【答案】had built
【详解】考查时态。句意：到爱迪生12岁的时候，他已经建好了他自己的化学实验室。by the time引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，故填had built。
16．（24-25高一上•江苏无锡•期中）It was the second time that Jim _________ (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness.
【答案】had annoyed
【详解】考查时态。句意：这是吉姆第二次因为粗鲁而惹他母亲生气。It was the + 序数词 + time + that 从句，从句要用过去完成时，结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had annoyed。
17．（24-25高一上•黑龙江双鸭山•阶段练习）He _________ (rush) out of the spot before I could catch him in time.
【答案】had rushed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我还没来得及抓住他，他就冲出了现场。根据后文的before I could catch可知，句子表述动作发生在过去之前，故使用过去完成时。故填had rushed。
18．（24-25高一上•全国•课后作业）It was the first time that Jane _________ (visit) the Great Wall, so she felt very excited.
【答案】had visited
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是Jane第一次参观长城，所以她感到非常兴奋。此处为句型It was the first time that+过去完成时，意为“这是第一次……”。故填had visited。
19．（24-25高一上•全国•课后作业）I _________ (remind) my sister twice to buy a bag of salt, but she still forgot.
【答案】had reminded
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我曾两次提醒妹妹买一袋盐，但她还是忘了。空处作谓语，发生在forgot之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had reminded。
20．（24-25高一上•江苏盐城•期中）It was the third time that month that my grandma _________ (forget) something important.
【答案】had forgotten
【详解】考查时态。句意：这是那个月我奶奶第三次忘记重要的事情了。“It was the+序数词+time that sb. had done sth.”是固定句型，意为“这是某人第几次做某事了”，因此空格处用过去完成时had forgotten，故填had forgotten。
六、训练（语篇填空）
（2020·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1 , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born, more food 4 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5 (change) lives.
By about 6000 BC，people 6 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 7 (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 9 rise of science, changes began. New methods 10 (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】
1．in 2．what 3．than 4．was needed 5．to change 6．had discovered 7．seasons 8．making 9．the 10．meant.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
1．考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2．考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
3．考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
4．考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
6．考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
7．考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
9．考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
10．考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
（24-25高一下·广东·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I graduated from the Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine in 1994, and 11 (work) in orthopedics (骨科) for 26 years by the time I took part in 12 Chinese Medical Volunteers tour in Yushu, Qinghai province in August 2020.
Then, I used TCM approaches, such as acupuncture and 13 (herb) patches (贴片) on acupuncture points to treat a variety of health problems, including knee injuries, aching muscles and sharp pains. These conditions are 14 (primary) caused by the local people’s herding practices and the tough environment 15 they live, and are also associated with some of their unhealthy living habits.
TCM methods can only relieve the pain for a short time, and sometimes they are unable to address the fundamental causes. So, I suggested that Chinese Medical Volunteers perform surgeries locally 16 bring the patients to better developed regions for treatment. The plan came to fruition, and we successfully completed surgeries on 21 patients. One surgery had to 17 (cancel) because the patient had severe heart failure.
As the head of the surgical team, I was 18 a lot of pressure because we were responsible for ensuring the safety of every patient, 19 (rid) them of their pain and improving their quality of life. The goal of our action was not just to conduct surgeries, but also 20 (provide) local medical workers with hands - on training, so local villagers would still be able to access quality treatment conveniently after we left.
【答案】
11．had worked 12．the 13．herbal 14．primarily 15．where 16．or 17．be cancelled 18．under 19．ridding 20．to provide
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为山西中医药大学的毕业生，在骨科工作26年后，参与青海玉树中国医疗志愿者巡诊的经历，包括使用中医方法治疗当地居民、提出手术建议以及作为手术团队负责人的压力与目标等。
11．考查动词时态。句意：我于1994年毕业于山西中医药大学，到2020年8月参加青海玉树中国医疗志愿者巡诊时，已经在骨科工作了26年。根据时间状语“by the time I took part in”可知，此处描述的是过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，应使用过去完成时。故填had worked。
12．考查冠词。句意：同上。此处特指“中国医疗志愿者巡诊”这一活动，因此用定冠词“the”。故填the。
13．考查形容词。句意：然后，我使用中医方法，如针灸和穴位上的草药贴片来治疗各种健康问题，包括膝盖受伤、肌肉酸痛和剧痛。“patches”是名词，需要用形容词作定语来修饰，“herb”的形容词形式是“herbal”，意为“草药的”。故填herbal。
14．考查副词。句意：这些情况主要是由当地居民的放牧习惯和他们生活的艰苦环境造成的，也与他们的一些不健康生活习惯有关。“caused”是动词，需要用副词来修饰，“primary”的副词形式是“primarily”，意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
15．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为定语从句，先行词是“the tough environment”，在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词“where”引导。故填where。
16．考查连词。句意：因此，我建议中国医疗志愿者在当地进行手术，或者将病人带到更发达的地区进行治疗。根据句意可知，此处表示两种选择的关系，因此用连词“or”连接。故填or。
17．考查被动语态。句意：有一台手术不得不取消，因为病人患有严重的心力衰竭。“cancel”与“One surgery”之间是被动关系，即“手术被取消”，且句子描述的是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，且had to后应接动词原形。故填be cancelled。
18．考查介词。句意：作为手术团队的负责人，我承受着很大的压力，因为我们要负责确保每位患者的安全，消除他们的痛苦，提高他们的生活质量。“under pressure”是固定短语，意为“在压力下”。故填under。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处与“ensuring the safety of every patient”和“improving their quality of life”并列，作介词“for”的宾语，因此用rid的动名词形式。故填ridding。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们行动的目标不仅仅是进行手术，还包括为当地的医务人员提供实践培训，这样在我们离开后，当地村民仍然能够方便地获得高质量的治疗。“not just...but also...”连接两个并列的成分，此处与“to conduct surgeries”并列，因此用不定式“to provide”作表语。故填to provide。
|
|
川公网安备51152402000101号 )|网站地图
发表于