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Unit 5 Humans and Nature
Unit5
| 话题
| 人与自然
| | 词汇
| comment,crowded,shock,escape, horrible, edge,rescue,trap,damage,measure,loss,suffering，survive.frightened,curious,observe,equal,attempt,death.operation,preparation,ba8e,anxious,ambition,distant.wary,scare,harmless, disappear
| | 短语
| turn one 's back(on sh.'sth.),on the edge of,run out,break down,a8 a result,all at once, in the end, pick sb up, search for, in preparation for..., be home to..., have a total area of...,be famous for.... ,be made up of.... , all of a sudden
| | 句型
| - “the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”意为“越……就越……”
- “have sb./sth. doing sth.”意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”
| | 语法
| 关系副词引导的定语从句
| | 写作
| 如何写灾难逃生的说明文
|
考点1.comment n.评论；意见vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论
【拓展】
(1)comment on/upon 对……作出评论
(2)make a comment/comments on/about...
对……作出评论
make no comment on... 对……不进行评论
no comment 无可奉告
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)Have you any comment ___________ (make) about the cause of the disaster?
(2)She made helpful ____________ (comment) on my work and I was grateful to her.
一句多译
我觉得我不能对他们的决定发表评论。
(3)I don't feel I can ______________ their decision.
(4)I don't feel I can ___________________________ their decision.
【经典例句】
①Would you care to comment on any troublesome students in your class?
你愿意谈谈对你们班上调皮学生的看法吗？
②(2019·天津卷)The committee of teachers will make comments on the materials on February 19.
2月19日，教师委员会将对材料作出评论。
考点2.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊
[教材原句](教材P29)The two students were shocked at the lecture on nature.
这两个学生听了关于大自然的讲座非常震惊。
【拓展】
(1)in shock 震惊地；休克
(2)shocked adj. 感到震惊的
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do... 因做……而震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2018·浙江卷6月)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ____________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
(2)After the ____________ news spread throughout the whole city, everyone felt _________．(shock)
(3)The girls only looked at him, ___ shock by his reaction.
(4)Tom was shocked _______________(realise) that he had left his key in the taxi.
【教考衔接】
①(北京卷)At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out，“Does anyone know CPR？”
一开始没人动。女孩们感到震惊。然后垒球教练大声喊道：“有人懂得心肺复苏吗？”
②(2020·天津卷7月)Jones was shocked when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
她说她实际上对被骗并不是很在意，这让琼斯感到很震惊。
考点3.escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；渗出；泄漏
n．逃跑；逃脱；渗出，泄漏
【拓展】
(1)escape from... 从……逃脱
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事
(2)a narrow escape 九死一生
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中escape的含义
(1)I'm sorry，but your name escapes me.______________
(2)How will we know if there's any gas escaping？______________
(3)The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives._______
一句多译
你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。
(4)You are lucky to _____________________．
(5)You are lucky to _____________________．
【经典例句】
①The fire was big，but he was able to escape from the burning house.
火势很大，但他还是从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。
②It was lucky of him to escape being killed in that accident.
他运气很好，在那次意外事故中幸免于难。
考点4.survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存
[教材原句](教材P30)to survive a storm
在暴风雨中幸存下来
【拓展】
(1)survive on... 靠……存活下来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中活过来
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存；生还
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for ____________ (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
(2)The old woman survived her husband ____ ten years.
完成句子
(3)你是如何靠这么低的工资维持生计的呢？
How do you ____________________________________ ?
(4)这位老太太的子女都先她而去世了。
The old lady _____________________________________．
【经典例句】
①(2019·浙江卷6月)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely on discarded food.
巴蒂斯特·杜班切特骑着自行车穿越欧洲，完全靠丢弃的食物生存。
②I have made a donation to help the survivors of the earthquake.
我已经向那些在此次地震中的幸存者捐款。
考点5.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
[教材原句](教材P31)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
一听到这个词，我就感到万分恐惧。
【拓展】
(1)be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
be frightened of/that... 害怕……
(2)frighten vt. 使吃惊；恐吓
frighten sb./sth.away/off 把某人/物吓走
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
(3)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)A sudden stop can be a very _____________(frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
(2)Seeing this, I was surprised. Meanwhile, my horse got ______________(frighten), jumped up, and ran around wildly.
(3)He drove at a speed which frightened Lara ____ death.
【经典例句】
①She used to take the bus, but she was now too frightened to get around the city by herself.
她过去常乘公共汽车，但现在她害怕了，不敢一个人在城里到处走。
②He frightened the old man into giving him all the money.
他恐吓那位老人把所有的钱都给了他。
考点6. curious adj.好奇的
[教材原句](教材P31)After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。
【拓展】
(1)be curious about... 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 极想做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity(＝curiously) 好奇地
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Filled with _________________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
(2)(2020·天津卷7月)I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious _________ how the experts did it.
同义替换
(3)(2018·天津卷)The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me curiously.
→The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me _______________．
【经典例句】
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity!
如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣，或者对它的未来感兴趣，你一定不要错过这个绝佳的机会！
②Just out of curiosity, why did you take this job?
我只是出于好奇，想问一下你为什么要从事这份工作？
考点7.equal adj.相等的；相同的 v．等于；比得上，敌得过
n．同等的人；相等物
[教材原句](教材P31)The second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly.
第二，两个同等面积的物体，圆形物体下落得较快。
【拓展】
(1)be equal in... 在……方面比得上
be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事
be equal to sb. in sth. 在某方面/某事情
上与某人相等
(2)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
(3)equally adv. 相等地；同样地
equality n. 平等
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India's economy may take off when the country achieves ___________ (equal) of educational opportunity.
(2)He is equal ___ Tom ___ ability, so each of them can do it well.
完成句子
(3)In fact, when it comes to the art of war, arts ________________________________(无与伦比)．
(4)I'm not sure whether he _______________________(胜任这项任务), but I still choose to believe him.
【经典例句】
①He is so strong that nobody can equal him in strength.
他是那么强壮，没有人能比得上他的力气。
②(北京卷)Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.
学会与社会打交道同样重要。
考点8.rescue n.& vt.营救；救援
[教材原句](教材P34)Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.
搜寻和救援车被带到已被破坏的地区。
【拓展】
(1)rescue sb./sth. from... 从……中营救某人/某物
go/come to one's rescue 去/来救某人
(2)rescuer n. 营救人员
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)We often hear stories of animals _____________ (rescue) people.
(2)The little girl was rescued ________ a burning building.
(3)Many parents couldn't hold back their tears when a _________ (rescue) carried a teenage girl out of the ruins.
完成句子
(4)那个23岁女孩的尖叫引来了一位过路人前去营救。
The 23yearold girl's screams alerted a passerby who _______________________．
【经典例句】
①They waited for someone to rescue them from their nightmare.
他们等待有那么一个人能够将他们从恶梦中拯救出来。
②He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.
他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。
考点9.trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．陷阱；困境
[教材原句](教材P34)Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.
救援队试图营救被困在建筑物下的人。
【拓展】
(1)set/lay a trap for... 给……布陷阱/设圈套
fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套
(2)trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
be/get trapped in 被困在……中
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
(2)(2019·天津卷)Those who dare to try often get themselves ________________(trap).
句式升级
(3)(普通表达)He was trapped in a traffic jam，so he had to be patient, waiting.
(高级表达)_________________________ ,he had to be patient, waiting.(过去分词短语作状语)
【经典例句】
①I was trapped into telling him all I knew.
我中计了，把所有知道的全部告诉了他。
②Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.
一旦你落入陷阱，就不容易摆脱它。
考点10.attempt n.& vt.努力；尝试；企图
[教材原句](教材P34)Then decide if the sentences contain a main idea(MI) about rescue attempts or a detail(D).
然后判断这些句子包含的是尝试救援的主要内容还是细节。
【拓展】
(1)attempt to do...＝in an attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……
(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing sth.尝试做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. (犯罪)未遂的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)In ___ attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books, our school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.
(2)The police say they're treating it as a case of ____________ (attempt) murder.
(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt ___________ (climb) Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
一句多译
他们试图游过河。
(4)They ________________________________________ across the river.
(5)They ________________________________________ across the river.
【经典例句】
①(2020·江苏卷)When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
两个月后，威尔逊从医院回到家中，他的父母试图找到一种方法来处理发生在他们生活中的灾难。
②It was lucky that I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
幸运的是我第一次尝试就通过了驾驶考试。
考点11.interrupt vt.打断讲话
[教材原句](教材P35)Excuse me, Mr Wang, but can I interrupt you there?
对不起，王老师，我可以打断您一下吗？
【拓展】
(1)interrupt...with... 因……打断……
be interrupted by... 被……打断
(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；障碍物
without interruption 连续地；不断地
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I am not accustomed to ____________________ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and don't do it again.
(2)It is not polite to interrupt a speaker ______ frequent questions.
完成句子
(3)我希望她能让我静一静，这样我就可以不间断地好好想一想这个问题。
I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem _______________________．
【经典例句】
①They were interrupted by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.
他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。
②I managed to work for two hours without interruption.
我总算连续工作了两小时。
考点12.run out of 用完；耗尽
[教材原句](教材P35)Well, I'd love to know more, but, unfortunately, we've run out of time.
好的，我还想了解更多，但是，遗憾的是，我们的时间到了。
【拓展】
(1)run out 用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
give out 用完；筋疲力尽；发出
use up 用完；耗尽
(2)run after 追捕；跟踪；追求
run away 跑开；逃走
run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
【练练不忘】
用run的相关短语填空
(1)One day she happened to ____________ Xiao Liu.
(2)If you ______________ two hares, you will catch neither.
完成句子
(3)我们的钱快花光了。我们应该削减开支。
Our money ___________________. We should cut down expenses.
(4)我的糖用完了。你能帮我在那家商店买一些吗？
I has _________________________ sugar. Could you help me to buy some in that shop?
(5)汽油用完时汽车停了下来。
The car stopped when the petrol __________________________________________．
【教考衔接】
①(2019·北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.
如果他们用完了某些日常必需品，威尔逊就会开车去最近的商店购买所需物品。
②(全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.
这些年来，我遇到过一些以前的学生，他们会提供老同学的最新情况。
[温馨提示]
run out是动副型短语动词，作不及物动词短语，表示“被用完了(become used up)”的被动含义，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词。
run out of作及物动词短语用，后接宾语，表示“用完(use up)”的主动含义，主语只能是人。
考点13.base n.基地；基础 vt.以……为基地
[教材原句](教材P36)During the polar summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journey the next year.
在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备点。
【拓展】
(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……；
以……为根据
be based on/upon... 以……为根据(基础)
(2)basis n. 原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
on the basis of... 在……的基础上
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2019·北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ________ (base) on trust and existing relationships.
(2)(2018·江苏卷)________ (base) on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.
同义替换
(3)Don't evaluate a person by appearance.
→Don't evaluate a person _________________________________________________．
【经典例句】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
重新阅读之美在于我们与书之间的纽带是建立在我们当下的精神状态基础之上的。
②Decisions were often made on the basis of incorrect information.
决定常常是根据错误的信息做出的。
考点14.preparation n.预备，准备
[教材原句](教材P36)During the polar summer of 1910－1911，both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备点。
【拓展】
(1)in preparation (for...) 在准备(……)中
make preparations for... 为……做准备
(2)prepare v. 准备；使……准备好；
配制(食物、药品)
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
(3)prepared adj. 做好准备的
get/be prepared for/to do sth. 为某事做好准备；
准备做某事
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I prepare ________________(graduate) from Sanford H. Calhoun High School in Merrick.
(2)(全国卷Ⅲ)What makes me concerned is my final exam which will be held two weeks later, so I have to make preparations ______ it at that time.
(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)In order to win the match, we should get fully ___________(prepare) and practise hard.
【经典例句】
①(2019·北京卷)It's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience.
为一次健康而有意义的大学经历做必要的准备永远不会太早。
②Remember to always hope for the best but prepare for the worst.
要记住，永远抱最好的希望，但要做好最坏的准备。
考点15.anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
[教材原句] (教材P36)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待着春天的到来。
【拓展】
(1)be anxious for/about... 担心……
be anxious to do... 渴望做……
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety(＝anxiously) 焦急地
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)He was anxious _________________ his family, who were travelling abroad.
(2)(2018·天津卷)_________________(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
同义替换
(3)We waited anxiously for our examination results.
→We waited _________________ for our examination results.
【经典例句】
①(2020·浙江卷7月)We are really concerned and anxious to learn about your updates.
我们真的很关心您并急于了解您的最新情况。
②We waited for news with a growing sense of anxiety.
我们等待着消息，越来越焦急。
考点16.break down 停止运转，出故障；(谈判等)失败；把……分成若干部分；打破，消除；情不自禁地哭起来
[教材原句](教材P36)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始因大雪和严寒天气出现严重问题。
【拓展】
break up 打碎；解散，打散；结束；
(关系等)破裂
break away (from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离(某人/某物)
break into 破门而入；闯入
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中break down的含义
(1)On my way to the station, my car broke down.__________
(2)Talks between the two sides have broken down.__________
(3)Each lesson is broken down into several units.________________
(4)Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.______
(5)He broke down as he thought of his failure._______________________
【教考衔接】
①(2020·天津卷7月)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
“快乐聊天”长椅帮助人们打破阻碍人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。
②(浙江卷)Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
当战争爆发的时候，她的朋友来帮助她。
考点17.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
[教材原句](教材P37)Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.
好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们雄伟的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦路途——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想告别。
【拓展】
(1)the ambition to do/of doing sth. 做某事的雄心/理想
(2)ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的
be ambitious for sth./sb. 渴望得到某物/希望某人成功
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2020·天津卷7月)Galileo was not merely ______________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
(2)It had been his lifelong ambition _____________ (coach) a leading team.
句式升级
(3)(普通表达)As he was ambitious for success, he came to this big city.
(高级表达)__________________________ ,he came to this big city.(形容词短语作状语)
【经典例句】
①He has the ambition to create his own new world.
他梦想创建自己的新世界。
②Her parents were ambitious for her and her brother.
她的父母对她和她的哥哥有着很高的期望。
考点18.distant adj.久远的；遥远的
[教材原句](教材P37)Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 后来，这些石块证实，在遥远的过去，南极大陆曾经被植被覆盖。
【拓展】
distance n. 距离；间距；(空间的)遥远
at a distance (of) 隔一段距离；从远处
in the distance 在远处
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2020·浙江卷7月)Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe ___________(distant).
(2)We spotted them waving to us ____ a distance of two hundred yards.
完成句子
(3)(2018·浙江卷6月)让我们高兴的是，远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们带到了河边。
Much to our delight, _____________________________ caught our attention and led us to the river bank.
(4)使我失望的是我的朋友变得对我冷淡了。
What makes me disappointed is that _______________________________________________．
【经典例句】
①(2018·天津卷)I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark.
我遇到许多徒步旅行者，他们的时间正好够在天黑前到达一个遥远的露营地。
②In the distance, the dot of a boat appeared on the horizon.
远处小黑点般的一条小船出现在地平线上。
[温馨提示]
表示“在远处”既可用at a distance，也可用in the distance，两个短语中的介词和冠词不可互换。in the distance的意思虽为“在远处”，但是指望得见或听得见的地方。
考点19.shelter n.避难所 vt.保护；使掩蔽
[教材原句](教材P41)If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body.
如果可能的话，在附近找一个坚固的庇护所，把你的整个身体都遮起来。
【拓展】
(1)take/seek shelter (from...) 躲避(……)
under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下
(2)shelter...from... 保护……免于……
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)________ the shelter of a tent, a crowd was gathered for a brunch.
(2)We planted many trees to shelter the houses _______ the wind.
完成句子
(3)昨晚我在公交候车亭躲雨。
I _____________ under a bus shelter from the rain last night.
【经典例句】
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
当然，解决这个问题的方式就是种树，这样动物们在白天就可以找到庇护处。
②They huddled in the shop doorway to shelter from the rain.
他们挤在商店门口躲雨。
考点20.observe vt.观察；看到，注意到；遵守；庆祝(节日等)
[教材原句](教材P41)Observe carefully before you move away.
在你移开之前仔细观察一下。
【拓展】
(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察/注意到某人做了某事(强调看到动作的全过程)
observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事(强调看到动作正在进行)
It is observed that... 观察到……；注意到……
(2)observation n. 观察
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中observe的含义
(1)Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe traditional customs.______
(2)As often happens, people with good eyesight fail to see what is right in front of them, for they have too much to observe._______
(3)Could you tell me how you usually observe Thanksgiving Day in your country？______
(4)The police observed a man enter the bank._____________
句型转换
(5)She observed a young man enter the house when she was standing there.
→______________________________________________ when she was standing there.(被动语态)
【经典例句】
①It was observed that successful people spent a lot more time reading than they did watching TV.
据观察，成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多得多。
②It is a study based on observation of a group of 20 patients.
这是一项基于对20名患者的观察的研究。
[温馨提示]
observe sb.do sth.改为被动语态时，省去的不定式符号to要还原上，即sb.be observed to do sth.。
考点21.the moment引导时间状语从句
[教材原句](教材P31)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
一听到这个词，我就感到万分恐惧。
【拓展】
引导时间状语从句的词语还有：
(1)each/every time每次……的时候；next time下次……时；any time任何时候；last time上次……时；by the time到……为止
(2)the minute..., the second..., the instant..., hardly...when..., no sooner...than...一……就……
(3)immediately..., instantly..., directly...一……就……
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)He came to visit us ____ moment he arrived in Beijing.
(2)The thief ran away quickly ____________________ (immediate) he saw the policeman.
一句多译
他一讲完，学生们就开始欢呼起来。
(3)He ____________________________ his speech _____________ the students started cheering.
_______________________________ he finished his speech, the students started cheering.
_______________________________ he finished his speech, the students started cheering.
【经典例句】
①The moment we arrived, we were given a warm welcome by the local people.
我们一到达就受到了当地人的热烈欢迎。
②Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
每当我处于困境时，他都会来帮助我摆脱困境。
考点22. “the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”意为“越……就越……”
[教材原句](教材P31)The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell.
第一，物体越大，下落速度就越快。
【拓展】
(1)“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句则用一般将来时。
(3)本结构常用省略结构。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The harder you study, the ____________________ (confident) you will become.
(2)The more you speak English, the better your English _____________________ (become).
句式升级
(3)(普通表达)If you study harder，you will make greater progress in your study.
(高级表达)______________ you study, _____________________ you will make in your study.
【经典例句】
①(2019·浙江卷6月)Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
这个观点越奇怪，它就越受到关注。
②The more, the better.
越多越好。
考点23. “have sb./sth. doing sth.”意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”
[教材原句](教材P36)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让几队狗拉着雪橇，所有队员都在滑雪板上行进。
【拓展】
(1)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态”；用于否定句时，have表示“容忍，容许”之意。
(2)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，表示经常性的动作或某次具体的动作，不定式必须省略to。宾语是动作的执行者。
(3)have sth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时表示“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。
(4)have sth.to do意为“有事要做”，have表示“有”，to do在句中作后置定语。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and have my false teeth _______(fix).
(2)Don't worry. I'll have it _______ (type) and get someone to send it to you tomorrow.
(3)She reminds me that I have a meeting ______________ (attend) that evening.
完成句子
(4)他们将通过铁路把药从安克雷奇运到尼纳纳。
They would ____________________________________ by rail from Anchorage to Nenana.
(5)我们不能容许他们把自己的观点强加于其他所有人。
We can't _____________________________________ on everyone else.
【经典例句】
①The mother had her son playing the piano the whole afternoon.
这位妈妈让她的儿子整个下午都在弹钢琴。
②You'd better go to the doctor and have your temperature taken.
你最好去看医生量体温。
考点24. until引导时间状语从句
[教材原句](教材P41)Hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops.
一直待在庇护所里，直到地震停止。
【拓展】
(1)until引导时间状语从句时，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式。若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
(2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用部分倒装语序。
(3)not...until...句型的强调句式为It is/was not until...that...。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)Not until I entered high school ____ I realize how right my parents are.
(2)It was not until I finish my homework _____ I was allowed to play computer games.
句型转换
(3)He didn't consider having a holiday abroad until he retired from teaching three years ago.
→___________________________________________________________ having a holiday abroad.(倒装句)
____________________________________________________________ having a holiday abroad.(强调句)
【经典例句】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I waited patiently until the oil was hot.
我耐心地等着，一直等到油热。
②It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。
考点25. with复合结构
[教材原句](教材P45)That leaves the wolves with nothing to eat so they start attacking the farmers' animals.
那样做让狼没有可吃的东西了，所以它们开始袭击农民们饲养的动物。
【拓展】
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语；亦可作后置定语。在此结构中可用形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The room was very clean, with a dining table ______ (lay) for a meal.
(2)With so much homework ________ (do), I won't go to see my grandpa tonight.
(3)With tears ___________ (fill) his eyes, he told me the whole story.
句式升级
(4)(普通表达)As time went by，the woman gradually forgot that accident.
(高级表达)____________________________________ ,the woman gradually forgot that accident.(with复合结构)
【经典例句】
①With an important class meeting to attend, I can't accompany you to the bookstore.
有一个重要的班会要参加，我不能陪你去书店了。
②With the floor very wet, I had to stay outside.
由于地板很湿，我只得待在室外。
一．语法精讲——关系副词引导的定语从句
思维导图
观察句子
1．(教材P30)That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.
2．(教材P31)As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
3．(教材P31)I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
我的领悟
关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在定语从句中充当句子成分。when作时间状语，如例句1；why作原因状语，如例句2；where作地点状语，如例句3。
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where、when、why等。
1.关系副词where引导的定语从句
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place、room、house、spot等)，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。
◆They are playing in the park where there are some flowers.
他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。
◆The office where the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[温馨提示]
(1)有一些先行词，如point、stage、position、case、condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，当在从句中作状语时，需要接where引导的定语从句。
◆You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished.
从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心只想完成它。
◆We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.
我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。
(2)where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
◆He's got into a situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)
他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机控制的境地。
◆When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)
读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
2．关系副词when引导的定语从句
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time、day、week、month、year等)，关系副词在从句中作时间状语。
◆There used to be a time when I hated going to school.
我有一段时间讨厌去上学。
◆I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
3．关系副词why引导的定语从句
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语。why一般不引导非限制性定语从句。
◆Do you know the reason why the woman burst into tears?
你知道这位女士突然大哭的原因吗？
[对点练习1]——单句语法填空
(1)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
(2)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)One afternoon ________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
(3)The reason ______ I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
(4)Will you please give us a case __________ the word can be used?
二、关系副词和关系代词的选择
选择关系词可分为两步：
第1步：分析定语从句，看从句中所缺成分确定用关系副词还是关系代词。如从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选择关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。
第2步：看先行词。如果根据第1步确定用关系代词且先行词指物，则可用that、which、whose、as，若先行词指人可用that、who(m)、whose等；若根据第1步确定用关系副词，先行词指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。
◆This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.
这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit 后缺少宾语，填关系代词，先行词指物，用that或which，作宾语时可以省略)
◆This is the factory where he used to work.
这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(从句中有主语，不需要宾语、表语、定语，故填关系副词，先行词factory指地点，用where)
◆Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
◆Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？(that/which作spent的宾语)
[对点练习2]——单句语法填空
(1)I don't know the reason _______ he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
(2)I won't listen to the reason _______________ you have given us.
(3)Is this the museum _____________ you visited a few days ago?
(4)Is this the museum __________ the exhibition was held?
(5)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, ________ really made me happy.
(6)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions，I eat all the food ______ is provided by Mom with appreciation.
二．写作精讲——如何写灾难逃生的说明文
文体感知
1．关于灾难逃生的书面表达一般是提纲式作文。考生要根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识和生活常识， 采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。
2．写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁。由于这类文章所陈述的内容都是生活常识，因此，文章的时态应以一般现在时为主。
3．根据灾难发生后采取措施的步骤，按顺序安排好材料。也可按照所处不同位置或场景，按情况给出不同建议。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。写作时可按照Things to do before...Things to do during.../Things not to do during...进行叙述，也可按照firstly, secondly...的方式进行叙述。
基本框架
1．面对灾难如何做；
2．具体逃生措施；
3．其他建议。
增分佳句
1．Cover your head and neck with your hands, arms or hard objects.
2．Don't try to run out of the building during an earthquake.
3．As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves.
4．When an earthquake happens, first we should calm down, which is the most important.
5．Follow the teachers' guidance and keep our actions in order.
6．When a fire breaks out, call 119 at once and tell the firefighters the detailed address so that they can get there in time.
7．Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape.
8．If possible, try to cover our mouths with wet towels to prevent us taking in too much thick smoke and wait for rescue.
9．It is important to know what to do when you are in dangerous situations such as in a fire.
10．As we all know, one's life is full of unexpected events.
满分作文特训
写作要求
假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示写一篇洪水逃生指南。内容包括：
1．听到洪水来临的消息立刻逃跑；
2．保持冷静，在等待政府救助时进行自救；
3．到高的地方去，切断电源；
4．在水里行走时带一根棍子；
5．如果房子被水包围了，要待在房子外面；
6．不要在流水中行走；洪水来临时不要待在车里；如果身上是湿的，不要触碰与电有关的东西。
注意：1.词数 80 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步：审题构思很关键
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．____________________ 犹豫做某事
2．____________ 爆发
3．____________ 自救
4．____________ 切断
5．____________ 逃走
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．如果你听到洪水要来了，立马逃走。
_________________________________ ,don't hesitate to run away.
2．等待政府救援时要进行自救。
Try to save yourself while ____________________________________________________．
3．如果你的房子被洪水包围了，一定要待在房子外面。(强调谓语)
If your house is surrounded by water, ____________________________________________．
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用同位语从句改写第三步中的句1
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．用省略结构改写第三步中的句2
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
comment n.评论；意见
| 【搭配】comment on/upon 对……作出评论
make a comment/comments on/about... 对……作出评论
| shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊
| 【联想】shocked adj.感到震惊的
【搭配】be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊
| escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；渗出；泄漏(shock n．) n．逃跑；逃脱；渗出，泄漏
| 【搭配】escape from... 从……逃脱
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事
a narrow escape 九死一生
| survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存
| 【联想】survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存；生还
【搭配】survive sth. 幸免于；从……中活过来
| frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
| 【搭配】be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
【联想】frighten vt. 使吃惊；恐吓
| curious adj.好奇的
| 【联想】curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
【搭配】be curious about...对……感到好奇
| equal adj.相等的；相同的 v．等于；比得上，敌得过
n．同等的人；相等物
| 【联想】equally adv.相等地；同样地
equality n.平等
【搭配】be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任(做)某事
| rescue n.& vt.营救；救援
| 【搭配】rescue sb./sth. from... 从……中营救某人/某物
【联想】rescuer n. 营救人员
| trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．陷阱；困境
| 【搭配】be/get trapped in 被困在……中
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
| attempt n.& vt.努力；尝试；企图
| 【搭配】attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……
make an attempt to do/(at) doing sth.尝试做某事
| interrupt vt.打断讲话
| 【搭配】be interrupted by... 被……打断
【联想】interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；障碍物
| run out of 用完；耗尽
| 【搭配】run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
give out用完；筋疲力尽；发出
run after追捕；跟踪；追求
run away跑开；逃走
| base n.基地；基础 vt.以……为基地
| 【搭配】be based on/upon... 以……为根据(基础)
【联想】basis n. 原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
| preparation n.预备，准备
| 【搭配】make preparations for...为……做准备
【联想】prepared adj.做好准备的
| anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
| 【搭配】be anxious for/about... 担心……
【联想】anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
| break down 停止运转，出故障；(谈判等)失败；把……分成若干部分；打破，消除；情不自禁地哭起来
| 【搭配】break up 打碎；解散，打散；结束；(关系等)破裂
break away (from sb./sth.) 突然离开；脱离(某人/某物)
break into 破门而入；闯入
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
|
- Only to obey nature in order to overcome nature.
要征服自然只能遵从自然。
2. Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.
自然与智慧永不相悖。
3.Nature never deceives us; it is always us who deceive ourselves.
大自然永远不会欺骗我们，欺骗我们的往往是我们自己。
4.It is the responsibility of each one of us to protect the nature.
保护大自然是我们每个人的责任。
5.Life is a span. 人生如朝露。
6.Storms make trees take deeper roots. 风暴使树木深深扎根。
7. Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石。
- One who has seen the ocean thinks nothing of mere rivers. 曾经沧海难为水。
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发表于 2025-9-17 10:12:06