Unit11 Conflict and Compromise 语篇素养提升（解析版）

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Unit11 Conflict and Compromise语篇素养提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Culture is particularly at risk in an armed conflict or disaster owing to its great symbolic value. At the same time, culture is regarded as a driver of recovery, strengthening the flexibility of a civilized society.
During recent conflicts, cultural relics have not only increasingly suffered from the damage caused by war, but have also become the target (目标) of systematic and deliberate (故意的) attacks because of its high significance in the nations to which it belongs. The destruction of the cultural relics in Palmyra (Syria) and the robbery of the National Museum of Iraq are tragic (悲剧的) examples of an intention to destroy the very cultural identity and break the bonds that bring them together as a society.
Disasters caused by natural and human-made harm including earthquakes, fires, floods and typhoons, also have caused extensive damage to many cultural and natural relics, museums, and cultural institutions. The earthquakes in Nepal and Ecuador, the floods in Myanmar, Hurricane Matthew in the Western Atlantic Ocean and the heavy rainfalls following El Niño in Peru have all resulted in a mass of damage.
Culture, however, is not only a victim (受害者) of emergency situations. Immediately after a disaster or an armed conflict, all nations often find cultural relics can work well as material and psychological support. The ability to access one's cultural attractions—like an old building, a historic city, an historical relic or a landscape—or to keep a specific cultural practice, may provide a much-needed sense of identity and dignity (尊严). Moreover after an emergency (紧急情况), culture can be an engine both to rebuild economies and societies and to promote tolerance, compromise and understanding, easing tensions (紧张) and preventing renewed conflicts. Music, dance, theatre and cinema, for example, have been used to build deeper understanding among people who flee for safety.
This is why protecting culture in emergency situations, and cultural protection from disasters is fundamental to a country's development and people's security.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文化由于其巨大的象征价值，在武装冲突或灾难中尤其受到危险。
1．Why are some damaged cultural relics mentioned in paragraphs 2 & 3?
A．To prove emergency situations caused by culture.
B．To show the intense international relationship.
C．To present the terrible situation of culture in an armed conflict or disaster.
D．To unfold the disasters and conflicts in the world.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During recent conflicts ...which it belongs.”及第三段中的“Disasters caused ...cultural institutions.”可知，文章二、三段提及一些受损文物是为了陈述在武装冲突或灾难中的糟糕的文化状况。
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Culture plays an important role in restoration.
B．Culture suffers a lot in emergency situations.
C.Lots of cultural relics are rebuilt after a disaster.
D．Culture helps people better understand each other.
A　解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Immediately after a disaster or an armed conflict...work well as material and psychological support.”及“Moreover after an emergency ...renewed conflicts.”可知，本段描述了文化在修复中起着重要的作用。
3．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Most cultural relics are destroyed by war.
B．Natural disasters seldom contribute to the damage of cultural relics.
C.Music, dance and theatre can also give people a sense of security.
D．Cultural relics can work better than psychological support.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Music, dance, theatre and cinema, for example, have been used to build deeper understanding among people who flee for safety.”可知，音乐、舞蹈和戏剧也能给人安全感。
4．What is likely to be talked about after the last paragraph?
A．The fast development of culture.
B．The analysis of the cultural emergency.
C．A specific case of ruined cultural relics.
D．Some measures taken to protect culture.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段描述了保护文化的重要性，接下来可能谈论保护文化的措施。
B


People often say that an Englishman's home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual; they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private space of the individual.
People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as yours? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.
Once I was travelling on a train to London, I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man opposite me had his briefcase on the table. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about non-verbal communication so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he suddenly became angry and his eyes nearly popped out (瞪出) of his head. I had invaded his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!
If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don't have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don't know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveller! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven't you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space?
【解题导语】　文章介绍了人们对私人空间的关注并告诉读者“空间”在交流中的重要性。
5．Why was the author angry as he was travelling on a train to London?
A．Because he had no place to sit.
B．Because someone had invaded his “space”．
C．Because too many people shared a section with him.
D．Because some other people talked about things he didn't know about.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The man opposite me...There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was angry.”可知，作者在去伦敦的火车上很生气，因为有人侵犯了他的“空间”。
6．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Public spaces.        B．Private spaces.
C．Local people.        D．Other countries.
C　解析：代词指代题。根据上文“Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don't know about.”可推知，them指代上文中提到的复数名词“Local people”。
7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．British people dislike marking their space.
B．You always feel at home in another country.
C．Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.
D．You can't mark your private space in a foreign country.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes.”可知，大多数英国人喜欢住房子而不是公寓。
8．What's the main purpose of the passage?
A．To tell readers to own private spaces by living in houses.
B．To tell readers to have one corner of their own in public places.
C．To tell readers to realize the importance of “space” in communication.
D．To tell readers to create their private spaces by talking with local people.
C　解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“But if you understand it then it helps you.Haven't you enjoyed being part of a group and ‘owning’ a bit of space？”可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是让读者意识到“空间”在交流中的重要性。
Ⅱ.七选五
If you post a video online about your perfect home decoration, and your video spreads quickly, you can expect to get comments from people who'll find something to talk about. But they may argue that your home is so perfect that you must have no time to spend with your children, which may get you down. 1.________ That is to say, you'll want to know when you'll address negative comments and how you'll address them when you choose to do so.
If someone leaves a negative comment on your social media account and you choose to ignore or delete this can make it look as though you have something to hide. If you have nothing to hide, it's fine to choose this action. However, if there's hint of (一点点) truth in the comment, it may be seemed that you choose to avoid a problem. 2.________ Moreover, if someone has said something unfair about you, it's reasonable to make responses.
3．________ It's best to respond in a positive and polite manner. Don't get defensive, don't be angry, and stay calm. Otherwise, you'll come across as having lost your cool and appear less reliable.
What's more, you can ask the commenter to contact you privately. 4.________ Instead, leave a comment for them asking them to contact you to discuss in private. This shows everyone that you're willing to address the issue, without needing to make it a public discussion for everyone to see. Finally, you may use humour in your reply if you think the situation calls for it. It can show you aren't taking the situation too seriously. 5.________
A．However, don't simply send them direct messages.
B．So at this time, it might be best to engage in a reply.
C．Then how should we respond to negative comments?
D．So when should you actually ignore negative comments?
E．And being funny has the same effect as being polite or positive.
F．That being said, you probably want to know how to deal with them.
G．Each comment needs to be considered on a comment-by-comment basis.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应该如何处理网上的负面评论，并提出了一些建议。
1．F　解析：根据空前一句可知，空处应该承接的是处理前面所提到的负面评论以及没有时间陪孩子在一起的问题，同时根据空后一句可知，空处应该是如何处理问题。
2．B　解析：根据空后“it's reasonable to make responses”可知，空处应该是对于别人的话要做出回复。
3．C　解析：根据空后“It's best to respond...Don't get defensive”可知，空处应该是问如何对消极的评论做出回答。
4．A　解析：根据空后“Instead, leave a comment...in private.”可知，空处应该是不要直接联系，并与Instead构成转折关系。
5．E　解析：根据空前“Finally, you may use humour in your reply if you think the situation calls for it.”可知，对一些负面情绪，可以选择一些幽默的方式进行回复，幽默同礼貌或积极同样有效。
Ⅲ.语法填空
As is known to all, a positive parent-child relationship is 1.____________(benefit) to the physical and mental 2.____________(grow) of children, but keeping a healthy parent-child bond 3.____________(need) the efforts of both parties.
Parents should take the responsibility 4.____________(improve) their relationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, 5.____________ tight their schedule is. For instance, they can eat 6.____________(meal) together, go to sporting events together or watch their children's favourite TV shows together, 7.____________ can contribute greatly to making their children feel safe and 8.____________(love). Children, on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 9.____________(do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 10.____________ a regular basis.
No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict. But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何维持健康的亲子关系。
1．beneficial　解析：考查形容词。be beneficial to为固定短语，意为“对……有益”。
2．growth　解析：考查名词。根据空前的the physical and mental和空后的of可知，空处应该用名词形式，作to的宾语。
3．needs　解析：考查主谓一致。 keeping a healthy parent-child bond是v.-ing短语作主语，谓语动词need在此作实义动词，应用单数。
4．to improve　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作状语，修饰名词responsibility。
5．however　解析：考查副词。根据句意“不管他们的时间安排得有多紧，重要的是和孩子们共度美好时光”可知，此处是however引导的让步状语从句。
6．meals　解析：考查名词复数。meal是可数名词，此处应用复数。
7．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。
8．loved　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的feel safe和连词and可知，此处应用过去分词作表语。
9．have done　解析：考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，对现在造成的影响。
10．on　解析：考查介词。on a regular basis为固定短语，意为“经常、例行的、有规律的”。