10（选必1）Unit5WorkingtheLandSectionⅢUsingLanguage（导学案1）

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Unit 5 Working the LandSection Ⅲ　Using LanguageⅠ.重点单词
1．fertiliser n．肥料
2．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
3．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解
4．poverty n．贫穷；贫困
5．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
6．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物
7．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
8．bacterium n．细菌→bacteria (pl.)
9．digest vt.& vi.消化　vt.领会；领悟→digestion n．消化；领悟
10．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
11．mineral n．矿物；矿物质
12．alternative n．可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的；非传统的
13．grocery n．食品杂货店→groceries[pl.]食品杂货
14．instance n．例子；实例；事例
15．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的
16．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
17．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；整个的；完全的
18．aspect n．方面；层面
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in use在使用
2．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
3．as for关于；至于
4．switch to转到；转换到
5．turn to求助于；求教于；改用
6．focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于
7．keeps...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
8．for instance例如；比如
9．meet that need满足那样的需求
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too_fast_to_be rich in nutrition.
至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。
2．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
Nowadays, a great deal can be done to alleviate back pain.
如今，减轻背部疼痛可以有许多方法。
A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.
采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。
alleviation n．减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物
He said he and his organization have worked for 36 years for the alleviation(alleviate) of poverty.
2 digest vt. 消化食物；领悟，融会贯通　vi. 消化　n. 摘要；文摘
I have digested most of the important points in the book.
我领悟了书中大部分要点。
Protein digests slowly.
蛋白质消化得慢。
This is a digest of the week's news.
这是这周的新闻摘要。
digestion n．消化
digestive adj.消化的；易消化的
This book is of great value.Nothing can be enjoyed if you can't digest(digest) it.
3 alternative n．可能的选择　adj.供选择的；非传统的
Either alternative is correct.
(两种选择中)不论哪一个选择都是正确的。
All the alternative routes are given to car drivers by computers.
所有可供选择的路线都由计算机显示给汽车司机。
alternative energy 可替代能源
an alternative to...……的替代品
have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事
You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.
你要么发言，要么保持沉默。
I had no alternative but to accept the offer.
我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。
alternative，choice，selection
alternative 一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。
choice 泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。
selection 指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。
The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.
家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。
We had no alternative but to_fire(fire)Mary.
The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.
油井向下延伸了数百英尺。
His ideas lack depth.
他的想法缺乏深度。
the depth of a cut/wound/crack刀口/伤口/裂口深度
the depths of the ocean 海洋深处
live in the depths of the country (＝ a long way from a town)住在偏远地区
in the depths of winter (＝ when it is coldest)在隆冬季节
in depth全面地；深入地；详细地
be out of your depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方；非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及
deep adj.深的；厚的；纵深的；有……深的
I haven't looked at the report in depth yet.
(1)n.根；根茎；根部；根源
I pulled the plant up by (＝ including) the roots.
我把这棵植物连根拔起。
Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.
有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。
(2)v.(使)生根；翻寻
Try to root this plant in the garden.
想办法使这个植物在园子里生根。
“It must be here somewhere，” she said, rooting through the suitcase.
“它一定就在这里的什么地方，”她一边说一边翻着衣箱。
deep spreading roots扎得很深的根
root crops/vegetables根茎作物/蔬菜
pigs rooting for food拱土觅食的猪
①Flamenco has its roots(root) in Arabic music.
②Who's been rooting(root)around in my desk?
考点集训一1．Cooking vegetables reduces their nutritional(nutrition)value.
2．Image retouching is a technique widespreadly (widespread) used in image tampering.
3．There are three essentially(essential) different ways of tackling the problem.
4．Warm milk is the ideal breeding ground for bacteria(bacterium)．
5．I am convinced digestion(digest) is the great secret of life.
6．You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives(alternative)．
7．Their price depended almost entirely(entire) on their scarcity.
8．Many dolphins can dive to depths(depth)of 200 metres.
9．They were deeply(deep)disturbed by the accident.
10．We should see both aspects(aspect)of the problem.
By better understanding your dreams, in turn you will be able to better understand yourself.
通过更好地理解你的梦境，相应地你也可以更好地了解你自己。
These rules proclaim our respect for others and in turn give us the gift of self­respect and heightened self­esteem.
这些规范既体现了我们对他人的尊重，也转而赋予我们自重的能力以及更强的自尊心。
There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.
当这些女人们逐一发言时，她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声。
by turns 轮流；交替
take one's turn轮流做
It's one's turn to do轮到某人做某事
They answered the teacher's questions in turn.
She has nobody she can turn to.
她求助无门。
When they meet with new words，they'll turn to the dictionary.
当遇到生词时，他们就查阅字典。
turn against反对
turn away回绝
turn up调大；出现
turn off关掉
turn back往回走
turn down关小；调低
turn in上交
turn on接通；打开
He turned to his father for advice.
3 keep...free of/from使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
We should keep this village free of pollution.
我们要避免这个村庄受到污染。
Keep the children free from harm.
别让孩子们受到伤害。
keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
keep sth.from sb.不将某事告诉某人
keep sb.doing sth.使某人不停地做某事
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep sb./sth.out of sth.不让某人/某物入内
keep an eye on sth.注意；看守
keep on doing sth.继续做某事
He wants to keep his son free from worry.
There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
在许多地方有了改进，例如，鼠标的左右键都可以使用了。
常见的表示列举的短语：
(1)such as意为“例如，诸如……之类的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的人或事物之前。
A lot of things can be recycled, such as waste paper, waste plastic bags, and old batteries.
很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。
(2)that is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。
I have three friends, namely, Tom, Jack and Mike.
我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。
(3)for example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。
Most boys in the class like physics.Tom, for example, shows a special interest in it.
班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。
There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; for instance, training lions.
考点集训二1．There's not a single free vehicle. All the vehicles are in use.
2．They did the work by turns.
3．As for Laura and me, the colour of our skin has never mattered.
4．Then her thoughts would switch to the present.
5．We can turn to him for help.
6．The talks will focus on economic development of the region.
7．You cannot rely on her, for instance, she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.
8．She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn't know whom to turn to.
9．This meeting focused the world's attention on the poverty of some African countries.
10．—Kitty，take your umbrella.It can keep your skin free from/of being burnt.
—Thank you，mom.
1 As for chemical fertilisers， crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.
至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。
too fast to be...是too...to...结构，该结构意为“太……以致不……，太……而不能……”。其中too是副词，用来修饰形容词/副词，to是动词不定式符号。
The boy is too young to understand the story.
这个男孩太小，理解不了这个故事。
使用too...to...结构时应注意：
(1)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是及物动词时，不定式中的动词后不能跟宾语。
Tom spoke too quickly for us to understand.
汤姆说话太快了，我们听不懂。
(2)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是不及物动词时，要在动词后加上适当的介词。
The house is too small for the family to live in.
房子太小，那家人住不下。
(3)too...to...结构并非总是表示否定意义，在以下几种情况中，too...to...结构表示肯定意义：
①not置于动词不定式前，构成too...not to...结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定，转而表示肯定意义，该结构意为“太……不会不……”或“非常……必定能……”。
He is too careful not to have noticed that.
他非常小心，肯定注意到了那一点。
②too...to...结构前有not，never，no longer，but，only等词时，这一结构也表示肯定意义。
It is never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
③too...to...结构中，too后为anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，excited，ready，satisfied，kind，willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等的形容词时，too相当于very much(极其，十分，非常)，此时该结构表示肯定意义。
He is too ready to help others.
他十分乐意帮助别人。
He is too pleased to receive the pretty gift.
收到这份漂亮的礼物，他非常高兴。
He was too angry to_say(say) a word.
2 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
这是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是主语从句；that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是同位语从句。其中keep...from doing so是keep...from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”结构。同义表达还有：stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事
这三个结构的主动语态中只有keep...from...中from不能省略；在被动语态中，三个from均不可省略。
The rain kept us from going out.
考点集训三1．Before an earthquake，the pigs and chickens are usually too nervous to_eat(eat)．
2．They are too young to_understand(understand)what is going on.
3．The heavy rain kept the soldiers from crossing(cross) the river.
4．They were kept from entering the building.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The drug will alleviate (减轻)her suffering.
2．There are alternative sources of nutrition(营养) to animal meat.
3．Many elderly people live in poverty(贫穷)．
4．Organic(有机的)food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.
5．They found a bacterium(细菌) visible to the human eye.
6．Humans cannot digest(消化) plants such as grass.
7．Get some more fertiliser(化肥) for this flower.
8．The plan received widespread(广泛的)support throughout the country.
9．Money is not essential(完全必要的) to happiness.
10．He stooped to pick up the carrier bag of groceries(食品杂货)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．You could, alternatively(alternative), hang onto it in the hope that it will be worth millions in 10 years.
2．The report highlights a number of instances(instance) of injustice.
3．What's the depth(deep) of the water here?
4．The audience was almost entirely(entire)female.
5．All this played an important role in improving the ecological environment and speeding up poverty alleviation(alleviate)in poor areas.
6．It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious(nutrition) foods.
7．It is essential to_keep(keep)the two groups separate.
8．The computer has been in use for many years, far beyond its guaranteed life span.
9．I'm thinking about making a switch to a smaller company.
10．No one can prevent this plan being_carried(carry)out.