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UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
Honor the “Father of Hybrid Rice” Yuan Longping
As the old Chinese saying goes, “Humanity's most fundamental relationship is with what we eat.”Although food has played an important part in Chinese culture for years, hunger had been a huge problem in the country until the 1970s.However, the Chinese scientist Yuan Longping helped to fix this problem.
On Sept 8,2018 Yuan, together with two other scientists, won China's 2018 Future Science Prize, for his continuous research on rice.Even on his 88th birthday on Sept 7, he took part in the International Development Forum of Rice Production in Hunan province.Although he was recovering from an illness at the time, he was happy to talk to reporters about his latest work with seawater rice.
Yuan has been conducting research on rice since he was at college.In 1964, he discovered a natural hybrid rice plant.Since then, he has focused on developing highyield, hybrid rice varieties.These varieties now account for about two thirds of China's rice crop, according to China News.So, it's no wonder that he's known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
And thanks to China's Belt and Road Initiative, Yuan's hybrid rice is helping to solve food problems around the world.Indeed, according to Xinhua News Agency, hybrid rice plants in Kenya produce four to five times more rice than the country's regular rice plants.
With a rising reputation around the world, Yuan delivered a speech in English at the 9th Shandong HighLevel Talents Forum in Qingdao in 2017.
The humble Yuan was simply being modest during his speech.According to a 1999 article by CNN, the scientist speaks both English and Russian fluently.“I never need an interpreter when I go overseas，” he told the US news network.
But in spite of his great knowledge, Yuan understands that even the wisest people should still be open to learning new things.“The farmers of our country possess rich experience in planting rice，” he told Xinhua.“We should learn from them.”
开启快乐学习之旅
致敬“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平
中国古语有云：“民以食为天。”尽管美食向来都是中国文化的重要组成部分，但在20世纪70年代以前，饥荒曾一直是我国的一大问题。而中国科学家袁隆平则致力于解决这一问题。
2018年9月8日，袁隆平与另外两名科学家获得我国2018未来科学奖，以表彰其对水稻从未止步的研究。而在9月7日袁隆平88岁的生日当天，他还参加了在湖南省举行的国际稻作发展论坛。尽管当时他大病初愈，但他很乐于与记者们谈论自己关于“海水稻”的最新成果。
袁隆平在大学时代便展开了水稻研究。1964年，他找到了一株“天然杂交水稻”。从那时起，他便专注于培育高产的杂交水稻品种。据中国新闻网报道，这些品种如今占我国水稻作物的2/3。所以，袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父”也就不足为奇了。
得益于我国“一带一路”倡议，袁隆平的杂交水稻能帮助全球解决粮食问题。的确，据新华社报道，在肯尼亚种植的杂交水稻优良品种，平均产量是当地常规品种的4至5倍。
2017年，国际名望不断提高的袁隆平在青岛举行的第九届山东高层次人才论坛上做了一次英文演讲。
袁隆平为人谦逊，在演讲中表现得很谦虚。据CNN1999年的一篇文章报道，这位科学家能说一口流利的英语和俄语。“我出国时从来不需要翻译，”他在接受这家美国新闻媒体网站采访时表示。
尽管袁隆平学识渊博，但他深知，就算是最聪明的人也应该对学习新事物抱有一种开放的心态。“我国农民的种稻经验相当丰富，”他在接受新华社采访时表示。“我们应当向他们学习。”
模块核心素养导航
Section Ⅰ Reading and ThinkingⅠ.重点单词
1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．献身，奉献；忠诚；信仰，祈祷；热爱→devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的
3．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的
4．tackle vt.解決(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
5．crisis n．危机；危急关头→crises(pl.)
6．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励
7．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步
8．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的
9．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的→character vt.使具有特征 n．性格；特点；字母；角色
10．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
11．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的
12．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉→pollination n．授粉；传粉
13．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assume v．假定；设定
14．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
15．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
16．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) →expansion n．扩展；发展；扩大
17．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出
18．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
19．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的
20．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费→consumer n．消费者
21．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
22．generate vt.产生；引起
23．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
24．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
25．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
26．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流
27．envision vt.展望；想象→vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像
28．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒
29．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实→real adj.真的；真实的→really adv.真正地
30．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐
31．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
32．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
33．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道
34．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.延伸；扩大；推广 vi.延伸；扩大；伸展
35．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品
36．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
37．flavour n．味道；特点；特色
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．fulfill/realize one's dreams实现某人的梦想
2．care for 照顾；关心；喜欢
3．be known as作为……而出名
4．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
5．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
6．both...and...两者都
7．far from远非；绝不
8．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
9．at heart内心里； 本质上；十分关心(某人的利益或福祉)
10．at home and abroad国内外
11．open up将(瓶、盒等)开封；拆开(包裹、信封等)；开放(被封的道路、边界等)；(使)(地方、经济、兴趣领域等)开放；敞开心扉
12．take on承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)；呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)
13．turn into变成
14．up to多达；胜任
15．make use of利用
16．meet one's demands满足某人的需要
17．adapt to适应
18．now that既然
19．make up one's mind下定决心
20．complain about抱怨
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Yet, he considers_himself_a_farmer because he continually works the land in his research.
然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。
2.Today, it_is_estimated_that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...
据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻……
3．Yuan's innovation has helped feed not_just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
袁隆平的创新不仅帮助了中国，也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家。
4．Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到袁的杂交水稻让他变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
He devoted himself to writing.
他专心写作。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他把一生都致力于造福人类。
(1)devote time/effort/money...to... 为……付出时间/努力/金钱
devote oneself to...献身于……；专心致力于……
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
devotion n．挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献
(2)表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on, fix one's attention on
He is devoted to his career and his devotion to protecting environment has won our respect.
他对事业很忠诚并且他对保护环境的献身赢得了我们的尊敬。
Devoted(devote) to caring for his father, he didn't go for a picnic with us.
There is no shortage of (＝There are plenty of) things to do in the town.
城里不愁找不到活儿干。
food/housing/water shortages 食物 / 住房 / 用水短缺
a shortage of funds 资金不足
short adj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的
fall short of sth.未达到；不符合
be short of缺乏，短缺
in short总之；简言之
A shortage (short)of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief.
(1)vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)
The research has yielded useful information.
这项研究提供了有用的资料。
(2)vi.屈服；让步
After a long siege, the town was forced to yield.
经过长时间的包围，这座孤城被迫投降。
(3)vi.放弃；缴出
He refused to yield up his gun.
他拒绝缴枪。
(4)n.[C，U] 产量；产出；利润
This will give a yield of 10% on your investment.
这会给你的投资带来10%的利润。
yield (to sth./sb.) 屈服；让步
yield sth./sb. (up) (to sb.) 放弃；缴出
yield to sth.被……替代；为……所取代
a high crop yield 作物丰收
a reduction in milk yield 牛奶产量的降低
He reluctantly yielded to their demands.
It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.
花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。
We convinced Anny to go by train rather than by plane.
我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of sth.相信某事
be convinced that相信某事
convincing adj.令人信服的
助记：con(＝thoroughly，完全地)＋vinc(＝conquer，征服)＋e→完全征服对方→使信服
convince/persuade
convince
| 使(某人)信服，明白。指用事实或道理排除他人对某事的怀疑，使其深信某事是正确的。常接从句或用于convince sb.of sth.。另外，后面接不定式时意思与persuade相当，意为“说服某人做某事”。
| persuade
| 劝说，说服。常接“into doing sth.或to do sth.和out of doing sth.”的结构，表示拿出明显的理由去说服某人做某事。接out of doing sth.意思是说服某人不做某事。
|
They persuaded us into/out of going(＝to go/not to go)to the party.
他们说服我们去/不去参加那次聚会。
We couldn't convince him of his mistake.
我们无法使他明白他的错。
I'm convinced of his honesty.
5attain vt.(经过努力)获得；得到；达到(年龄、水平、状况等)
He attained success through hard work.
他通过努力取得了成功。
The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.
猎豹的奔跑速度可达97千米/时。
attainable adj.可获得的；可达到的
attainment n．达到；成就
Even a talent can't attain(attainment) great achievements unless he concentrates on what he is doing.
Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.
通过传统的电话线连接的因特网速度有点儿慢。
A microwave cooks food much faster than a conventional(convention) oven.
His assumption proved to be correct.
他的假设被证明是对的。
make an assumption 假设；认为
on the assumption that...在假定……的情况下
assume vt.假定；设想；承担
assume that...假设……
assume office 就职
assume responsibility 承担责任
assume an air/expression of...装出……的样子/表情
assuming that...假定……(作连词用，相当于 if)
We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.
我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。
Assuming that it rains, what should we do?
假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？
The assumption(assume) that the price of the meat would go down before the festival was wrong in fact.
He struggled to overcome his shyness.
他努力克服自己的羞怯。
be overcome with被(感情)所控制，受到情绪的极大影响
Bill was overcome with grief.
比尔悲痛欲绝。
overcome，beat，defeat，win
overcome
| 强调克服困难、障碍等。
| beat
| 常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人)。
| beat，defeat后均跟表示人的名词，如比赛、战斗的对手；另外，二者常可互换，但defeat更正式。
| defeat
| 侧重指在战场上打败敌人。
| | win
| 后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等。
|
He beat me at chess.
他下棋赢了我。
He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。
France won by six goals to two against Denmark.
法国队以六比二战胜丹麦队。
He overcame(overcome) a lot of difficulties and succeeded.
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他正考虑扩张他的生意。
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
We have plans to expand the business into the USA market.
我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。
expand (...) into(把……)扩展到
expand on/upon详述；充分叙述
His business was expanding(expand)．
(1)vt.包括；包含；由……组成(不用于进行时)
The collection comprises 327 paintings.
这部画册收有327幅画。
The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。
(2)vt.是(某事物的)组成部分；组成；构成
Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.
在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。
be comprised of ＝consist of 由……组成
comprise＝ make sth. up
The fountain was comprised of three stone basins.
We need someone to generate new ideas.
我们需要有人出新主意。
generate electricity/heat/power 发电/产生热 / 动力
generate income/profit 产生收益 / 利润
generation [U] (尤指电、热等的)产生 [C＋sing./pl.v.] (统称)一代人，同代人，同辈人；代，一代，一辈
the generation of electricity 发电
methods of income generation 产生收益的方法
stories passed down from generation to generation 世代相传的故事
generator n. 发电机
Japan has announced plans for a sharp rise in its nuclear power generation(generate)．
We live in urban areas with our children.
我们和孩子们一起住在市区。
We must stop the damage to both urban and country environments.
我们必须制止对城乡环境的破坏。
urbanization n．都市化，城市化
Urbanization(urban)will become increasingly important in the future.
考点集训一1．If you see failure, you'll create it, so why not envision(vision) success, instead?
2．The universe is slowly yielding up its secrets.
3．It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.
4．A crowd comprised (comprise) of the wives and children of scientists staged a demonstration.
5．We overcame(overcome)many unforeseen difficulties.
6．We are working on the assumption(assume)that everyone invited will turn up.
7．She has devoted herself unreservedly to the great cause.
8．She sounded very convincing(convince)to me (＝ I believed what she said) .
9．This standard is easily attainable(attain)by most students.
10．She is not short of excuses when things go wrong.
They hired a nurse to care for her.
他们雇了个护士来照顾她。
He cared for her more than she realized.
她不知道他是多么在乎她。
care about，care for和care with都有“关心”“担心”的意思，但是在表示“介意”“计较”意思时，要用care about。在表示“关怀”“照顾”“想要”的意思时，要用care for。
He doesn't care about his clothes.
他不讲究衣着。
We must care for the younger generation.
我们必须关怀年轻的一代。
①I had my children to care for,_and I had to make a decision.
②I don't care for green.I like red.
It was obvious that much of what they recorded was far from the truth.
显然，他们所记录的很多根本不是事实。
far from后常接名词、动名词或形容词。
far from the truth/case远非事实
far from satisfactory远不令人满意
Far from being_relaxed(relax), we both felt so uncomfortable that we hardly spoke.
(1)承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)
No other organisation was able or willing to take on the job.
没有任何别的组织有能力或愿意承担此项工作。
(2)呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)
Believing he had only a year to live, his writing took on a feverish intensity.
由于以为自己只剩一年的活头，他的文字开始变得激情澎湃。
(3) (公共汽车、船舶等)上(客)，装(货)，补充(燃料)
This is a brief stop to take on passengers and water.
这是一次短暂停靠，上上客，加加水。
(4)雇用；录用
He's spoken to a publishing firm.They're going to take him on.
他和一家出版公司谈过了，他们打算雇用他。
Don't take on more responsibilities than you can handle.
We should make full use of the Internet.
我们应充分利用网络。
We should make use of every chance to practise speaking English.
我们应该利用每一次机会来练习说英语。
How did you make use of your spare time?
你是怎么利用你的业余时间的？
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
make the best of 充分利用(有利条件)
make the most of 充分/尽量利用(有利条件)
make little use of 几乎不利用；不充分利用
Every minute must be made use of to improve our spoken English.
必须利用每一分钟来提高我们的英语口语。
Now that the kids have left home we've got a lot of extra space.
孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽敞了。
Now that you have finished your work, you'd better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
now that, because, since, as, for
now that
| 固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that 可以省略。
| because
| 表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用 why 提问的问句。
| since
| 意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。可与 now that互换。
| as
| 意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比 because 弱。
| for
| 意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。引导分句，不能置于句首。
|
类似 although/though 不能与 but 连用，because 不能与 so 连用，当 since, now that 引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加 so 等连词。
[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。
[误]Now that you are ready, so we can go now.
[正]Now that you are ready, we can go now.
Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.
I can't make up my mind whether to go or not.
我无法决定去还是不去。
We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.
我们决心在天黑前完成工作。
change one's mind 改变主意
keep/have sth.in mind 记住某事
lose one's mind 失去理智
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say impossible.
考点集训二1．You needn't care about his safety.
2．Would you care for a walk after supper?
3．It took me several minutes to adapt to the darkness.
4．Now that the children have cleaned up, you can let them go.
5．Waste materials can still be made use of.
6．Once I have made up my mind, nothing can make me change it.
1 Yet， he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。
consider在此表示“认为”。
consider vt.考虑；认为
consider sth.考虑某事
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
consider＋wh to do/whclause考虑……
consider that...认为……
consider sb./sth.(as)．..认为某人/某物是……
consider sb./sth.(to be)＋adj./n.认为某人/某物……
consider it＋adj./n.＋to do认为做某事是……
be considered to do/have done被认为做某事/做了某事
We consider that the song is worth listening to.
我们认为这首歌值得听。
He considers himself an expert.
他认为自己是专家。
Do you consider it wise to go there by yourself?
你认为你自己去那里明智吗？
—Have you considered changing your job?
——你考虑过换工作吗？
—No.I like my job because a teacher is generally considered to be a gardener.
——没有，我喜欢我的工作，因为人们广泛认为老师是园丁。
I have been considering buying(buy) a new car，which is considered to_be(be) a symbol of identity.
2 Today, it_is_estimated_that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...
据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻……
本句属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”结构，句中 that 引导主语从句，主语从句本身又是一个主从复合句，从句中(so...)that 引导结果状语从句。
“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”结构：
it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语，that 仅起连接作用，不作成分。
常用动词：say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，know 等。
该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”(hope 和 suggest 除外)。
It's suggested that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
建议她今天下午就应该完成她的家庭作业。
It was reported that the UFO was flying from the west to the east when people saw it.
＝The UFO was reported to be flying from the west to the east when people saw it.
据报道，人们看见那个不明飞行物时，它正从西向东飞。
It is believed that he is fit for the job.
3 Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy， one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
Given用作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定；已知”等意思。“given＋that从句”意思是“考虑到……”，相当于considering。如：
Given his age，he is very strong and healthy.
考虑到他的年龄，他可以说是非常健康强壮了。
Given that the students need more exercise, the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼，校长已决定增加更多体育课。
Given(give)his age, he's remarkably active.
考点集训三1．Bell is generally considered to_have_invented (invent) the telephone.
2．We know that China has such tremendous potential, not just economically but militarily.
3．The old tower is still in a good state considering(consider)it was built over 600 years ago.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They didn't envision(想象) any problems with the new building.
2．The proposal has generated(引起) a lot of interest.
3．The water shortage(短缺)in this country is potentially catastrophic.
4．The government is determined to tackle(解决) inflation.
5．The business is still in crisis(危机) but it has survived the worst of the recession.
6．The movie helped boost(使兴旺) her screen career.
7．Higherrate deposit accounts yield(产生) good returns.
8．We estimated (估计) it would cost about ￡5,000.
9．It is stronger in flavour(味道) than other Dutch cheeses.
10．The state allotted them large quantities of chemical(化学的) fertilizer.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There were many comrades devoted(devote)to the cause of revolution in our country.
2．Scientists say there is no convincing(convince)evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer.
3．It was surprising that the government was reelected, given that they had raised taxes so much.
4．Given(give)her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
5．Her last throw was only three centimetres short of the world record.
6．Both fish and tadpoles have gills.
7.She is known as a great beauty.
8.He is only a boy deep down.
9．He always has the wellbeing of the masses at heart.
10．Lorna found that people were willing to open up to her.
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