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UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Why Body Language Is Important?
When you learn a foreign language, you must learn more than the vocabulary and the grammar.To communicate successfully, you must also learn the nonverbal language, or “body language” of that culture.“Body language” is a term used to describe facial expressions, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages.This means of communication is so important that we may actually say more with our movements than with words.
For some messages, words are not enough.Speaking a foreign language is sometimes difficult because we may not understand the nonverbal signals of another culture.For example, nodding the head up and down is a gesture that may communicate different messages in different parts of the world.In North America, it means “I agree”．In the Middle East, nodding the head down means “I agree” and up means “I disagree”．In a conversation among Japanese it often simply means “I'm listening”．
Eye contact is also very meaningful, but it can also mean different things in different countries.In some Spanishspeaking countries, children show respect to an old person by not looking directly into the person's eye during a conversation.In other cultures, looking into a person's eye is expected.For example, if you don't do it in the United States, people may think that you are afraid, embarrassed, or angry.In the Middle East, direct eye contact in a conversation is more continuous than in many other parts of the world.People who are not used to this may feel uncomfortable.
开启快乐学习之旅
当你学习一门外语的时候，你必须学习词汇和语法以外的东西。为了能够顺利沟通，你必须学会那一文化的肢体语言。“肢体语言”是用来描述面部表情、姿势以及其他传递信息的身体动作的术语。这种沟通方式很重要，因而我们实际上可能用动作比用话语表达的更多。
对于有些信息，言语是不够的。有时候说一门外语很难，因为我们可能不理解另一文化的非语言信号。比如，上下点头这一姿势在世界不同的地方表达的信息也是不一样的。在北美，这一姿势意味着“我同意”。在中东，低头表示“我同意”，而抬头表示“我不同意”。在日本人的对话当中，它通常只是表示“我在听”。
眼神接触也很有意义，但是它在不同的国家也可以表示不同的意思。在一些说西班牙语的国家，孩子们在与老人的对话中通过不直视对方的眼睛来对对方表示尊敬。在其他文化中，人们期待别人直视眼睛。比如，在美国，如果你不这样做，人们可能会认为你害怕、尴尬或者生气。在中东，对话中直接的眼神接触的时间比世界上很多其他地方更持久。不习惯的人可能会觉得不舒服。
模块核心素养导航
Section Ⅰ Reading and ThinkingⅠ.重点单词
1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.交流；相互影响
2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.多样的，各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样化
3．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的→inappropriate adj.不合适的；不恰当的
4．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；批准
5．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明→demonstration n．集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明
6．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态
7．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
8．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇工
9．identical adj.相同的
10．interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为 vt.& vi.口译→interpretation n．理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式→interpreter n．口译工作者；口译译员
11．differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.相异的；不同的→difference n．不同；相异
12．cheek n．面颊；脸颊
13．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj.给人好印象的；肯定的；赞同的；支持的；有利的
14．bow vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结
15．waist n．腰；腰部
16．barrier n．隔阂；障碍
17．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的
18．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的
19．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.信赖；依靠
20．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
21．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
22．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微
23．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一
24．nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非语言的→verbal adj.涉及言语的；语言的
25．assessment n．评价；评定→assess vt.评估；评价
26．internal adj.内部的；里面的
27．slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
28．pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿勢 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
29．bend vt.& vi.(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向→bent(过去式)→bent(过去分词)
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．body language 身势语；肢体语言
2．vary from...to...从……到……变化
3．look into someone's eyes 直视某人
4．by contrast相比之下
5．look down俯视；向下看
6．by comparison(与……)相比较
7．make inferences推理；推断
8．figure out想出；理解；弄清
9．get through完成，干完(尤指难做的任务或工作)；度过，熬过(困难或不快的时期)；通过电话联系上；接通……的电话；通过(考试)
10．break down消除；分解；打破
11．feel down感到沮丧；情绪消沉
12．in favour of支持
13．tend to_do sth.易于；往往；倾向于；有助于
14．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
15．end up(通常指意外地)最终到达；最终；结果
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching_their_body_language.
通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。
2．In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss_their_friends_on_the_cheek when they meet.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。
3．And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing_better_than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
4．Can you describe a situation where you might smile when you don't mean it?
你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？
There is a need for more interaction between staff and children.
教工与学生之间需要更多的交流。
There is an interaction between physical and emotional illness.
身体疾病与心理疾病之间存在着相互影响。
They are experts on humancomputer interaction.
他们是人机交互专家。
interaction between sb./sth.＝interaction with sb./sth. 与……的交流；与……相互影响
interact vi.交流；相互影响
interact with sb.与某人交流；与某人沟通
interact with sth.与……相互影响
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
Perfume interacts with the skin's natural chemicals.
香水和皮肤的天然化学物质相互作用。
Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.
It is an appropriate time to make a speech.
这是发表演讲的合适时间。
This is an appropriate request for them.
这对他们来说是个正当的要求。
be appropriate for/to对……合适
It is appropriate for sb.to do sth.适合某人做某事
It is appropriate(that)……是合适的
His clothes were not appropriate for such a season.
他的衣服不适宜在这样的季节穿。
Now that we have found the problem，we can take appropriate
(appropriately) action.
Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it.
最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准可以发表了。
The government approved a plan to build more houses for the poor to live in.
政府批准了一项计划来建造更多的房子让穷人居住。
approve of sth.赞成；同意
approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.赞成某人做某事
approval n．[U]赞成；批准
Catherine's mother will never approve of her marriage to you.
凯瑟琳的母亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
Most of his girlfriends failed to meet with his father's approval(approve)．
(1)表达；表露；表现；显露
You need to demonstrate more selfcontrol.
你应该表现出更强的自制力。
(2)证明；证实；论证；说明
These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working.
这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发挥作用。
Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.
我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。
(3)示范；演示
Her job involves demonstrating new educational software.
她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。
(4)集会示威；游行示威
They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.
他们举行示威游行，要求实行免费高等教育。
demonstrate sth.表现……；表达……
demonstrate sth.to sb.向某人证明……；向某人表达……
demonstrate sth.to be...证明某事……
demonstrate that...证明……
It has been demonstrated that ...已经证明……
demonstrate against...示威反对……
demonstration n. 集会示威；游行示威；示范；演示；证明；说明
It has been demonstrated that this drug is effective.
(1)vt.当场看到，目击；见证
Several residents claimed to have witnessed the attack.
几个居民声称他们亲眼看见了那起袭击事件。
(2)n.目击者，证人 常用搭配：
One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。
He decided to appear as (a) witness for the prosecution.
他决定出庭为原告作证。
Many people witnessed(witness) the car accident，so it was not difficult to investigate.
Our company employed about one hundred people.
我们公司雇用了大约一百人。
You could employ your spare time better.
你可以更好地利用闲暇时间。
employ sb.to do... 雇用某人做……
employ sb.as... 雇用某人为……；聘请某人担任……
be employed in doing sth.从事于；忙于做某事
employer n．雇主
employee n．雇工
The firm employed(employ) the retired professor as an adviser.
(1)vt.把……理解(解释)为
The data can be interpreted in many different ways.
这份资料可以从多方面解读。
(2)vt.& vi.口译
She couldn't speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.
她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。
(3)vt.诠释；演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)
He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.
他把这个角色演得十分幽默。
interpret ...as...把……理解(解释)为
interpret sth.for sb.为某人口头翻译
interpret ...into...把……解释成……
interpretation n．理解；解释；演绎；演奏方式；表演方式
interpreter n．口译工作者；口译译员
I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
differ from...in...在……方面不同于……
differ with sb.on/about sth.关于某事不同于某人的观点。
Customs differ in different countries.
各国风俗不同。
The twins differ from each other in character.
这对孪生姐妹性格迥异。
I have to differ with you on that.
在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。
different adj.不同的；有差别的
be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
difference n．区别；差异
tell the difference between A and B 说出A与B的区别
make a/no/some/...difference (to)有/没有/有一些……关系/作用/影响
make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.
他是否来没有影响。
In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then.It is how you react that makes a difference(different)．
(1)n. 喜爱，偏爱；恩惠，帮助；赞同，支持。
Was he in favour of the death penalty？他赞成死刑吗？
Can I ask a favour of you？＝Can I ask you for a favour?
请您帮个忙，好吗？
Do me a favour to turn off the radio.
帮我把收音机关上。
(2)vt. 较喜欢，选择；有助于，有利于；偏爱。
The president is believed to favour further tax cuts.
人们认为总统会赞同进一步减税。
She always favours her youngest child.
她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。
favourable adj. 赞同的，有利的
favoured adj. 受到宠爱的，得到偏爱的
favourite adj.特别喜欢的 n. 特别喜欢的人/事物
We were very excited because the score was 41 in our favour.
(1)vi 鞠躬，点头。
They bowed to the audience in the end.
最后他们向观众鞠躬。
All the people bowed down before the Emperor.
所有人都向皇帝鞠躬。
(2)vt. 低(头)，俯(首)。常与 down 连用。
She bowed her head (down) in shame.
她羞愧地低下了头。
(3)vi. & vt. (使)弯曲。相当于 bend。
The willows bow in the breeze.
柳树被微风吹弯了。
His back was bowed under the weight of the packs.
背包压弯了他的背。
(4)n. [C]鞠躬；弓；蝴蝶结。
He moved aside for her with a polite bow.
他礼貌地鞠躬，退避一旁让她过去。
Liu Xiang made his start like an arrow from a bow.
刘翔起跑时像一支离弦的箭。
bow to/before sb.向某人鞠躬
bow low (to/before sb.) (向某人)深深地鞠一躬
bow down (to/before sb.) (向某人)鞠躬
Your table tennis is excellent.I bow to your superior skill.
We're looking for someone who is reliable and hardworking.
我们正在寻找可靠而又勤奋的人。
rely on/upon＝depend on/upon 依靠；信任；信赖
rely on it that...相信……
He is a person that you can rely on.
他是一个你可以信赖的人。
In order to ensure children's health，we are determined to provide milk products with reliable (rely) sources.
He's standing trial for thieving.
他正因涉嫌偷窃而接受审判。
We shall put the machine to further trial.
我们将进一步试验这部机器。
be on trial在受审；在试验中
stand trial for...因……而受审
make a trial进行试验
The robber is on trial at present.
The patient is slightly better today.
病人今天稍好些了。
He was slightly wounded in the car accident.
他在车祸中受了轻伤。
slight adj. 轻微的；微小的
Don't worry.It's just a slight problem.
别担心，那只是个小问题。
The middleaged economist advised that the merchants be taxed slightly(slight) from the beginners in the business.
That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it.
那就是说，当人们还没有说出全部的真相时，你必须能够做出判断，然后去发现它。
(1)assess sth.at＋钱 估算/评估某物为多少钱
assess sth./sb.(as sth./sb.)评定/评价(为……)
assess＋从句 评定/评估……
(2)assessor n．评审员/估价员
assessment n．评价/评定
make an assessment of评估/评价
After the flood, they assessed the loss at 10 million yuan.
洪水过后，他们估算损失为一千万元。
The young men were_assessed(assess) as either safe or unsafe drivers.
(1)vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
The task poses no special problems.
这项任务不会造成特别的问题。
(2)vi.摆好姿势
The delegates posed for a group photograph.
代表们摆好姿势准备拍集体照。
(3)vi.佯装；冒充；假扮
The gang entered the building posing as workmen.
这伙匪徒冒充工人混进了大楼。
(4)(通常用于进行时)招摇；炫耀；拿姿作态
I saw him out posing in his new sports car.
我看见他开着他的崭新跑车招摇过市。
(5)n.故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势
He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.
他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险
pose as sb.冒充某人
pose (for sb./sth.) (为画像、摄影)摆好姿势
strike a pose/an attitude摆出某种姿态
This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.
考点集训一1．I like to interact with others, so I have many friends.
2．The theories were demonstrated to_be_false(false)．
3．The students were asked to_interpret(interpret)the poem.
4．It is not possible for everyone to put their own interpretation(interpret)on the law.
5．After the wedding we all posed for a photograph.
6．The firm has over 500 employees(employ)．
7．French differs from English in this respect.
8．The most common multiple births are twins(twin), two babies born at the same time.
9．She desperately wanted to win her father's approval(approve)．
10．Our information comes from a reliable(rely)source.
Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.
各个学校的教学方法大不相同。
vary in sth.在某方面不同/有差异
vary with随……变化/改变
vary between...and...从……到……不等
various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
varied adj.各种各样的；变化的
variety n．不同种类；多样化
a variety of＝varieties of种种
Opinions on this matter varied(various) greatly from person to person，but somehow we managed to reach a decision.
(1)弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
I can't figure out how to do this.
我弄不懂怎么做这件事。
(2)计算(数量或成本)
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
旅行要花多少费用你计算出来没有？
figure on计划；打算；预料到
it/that figures有道理；合乎情理
watch one's figure注意保持体形
It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.
(1)vi.(机器)出故障，(车辆)抛锚，损坏
The car broke down on the way to the airport.
车子在去机场的路上抛锚了。
(2)vi.(身体)垮掉
Your health will break down if you work too hard.
若工作太累，你的身体会垮的。
(3)vi.(谈判等)失败，破裂
The peace talk broke down with no agreement reached.
和平会谈失败，没有达成任何协议。
My car broke down on my way to the town.
I'm all in favour of equal pay for equal work.
我完全支持同工同酬。
I talked to Susan about it, and she's all in favour of going.
我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同离开。
(1)be in/out of favour (with sb.)
＝be in/out of sb.'s favour 得到/失去某人的尊重、赞同等
in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人忙
owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情
(2)favourable adj.喜爱的；赞同的
I'll ask Tom to take it.He owes me a favour.
我要请汤姆接受。他欠我一个人情。
Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?
请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？
(3)in＋名词＋of短语
in search of 寻找
in need of 需要
in place of 代替
in memory of 为了纪念
in case of 万一
in terms of 就……而言；在……方面
in possession of 占有
in charge of 主管；负责
in praise of 赞扬；表扬
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
Most people are in favour of bringing down housing prices because they are too high for them.
I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldn't get through.
我试图给女朋友打电话，可是打不通。
If you keep disturbing him, he will never get through his work.
如果你一直打扰他，他永远也做不完他的工作。
It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.
我们通过海关只花了几分钟时间。
(1)get across 被理解；使人了解
get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to 为介词)
get over 克服
get on 进展；进步
get in 收获
get around/round 到处走动；传播出去
Your meaning didn't really get across.
你的意思并未真正被别人理解。
(2)go through 检查；经历
pass through 从……中穿过；走过……中
look through 浏览；仔细查看
see through 看穿；识破
live through 活过(一段时间)；经过……后仍然活着
break through 突破(障碍)
Ms Chen is going through the students' papers.
陈老师正在检查学生们的论文。
Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such a short time.
I told them to straighten up.
我叫他们挺起身子来。
From ingrained habit he paused to straighten up the bed.
出于长期的习惯，他停下来整理床铺。
straighten out(使)变直；(使)变正；理清，整顿(混乱的局面)
straight away立刻；马上
Straighten up the room.
考点集训二1．No one could figure out how he got to be so wealthy.
2．The boy with his back to the camera began to straighten up;_he was turning.
3．It is hard to see how people will get through the winter.
4．I wouldn't be in favour of income tax cuts.
5.Our customs vary from place to place.
6．Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
7．She broke down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.
8．When you look at their new system, ours seems very oldfashioned by contrast.
9．By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.
通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么。
by doing表示方式，意为“凭借；通过”。
He makes a living by doing odd jobs.
他靠做临时的工作来谋生。
Switch it on by pressing this button.
在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。
kiss their friends on the cheek 属于“动词＋sb.＋in/on/by＋the＋身体部位”结构，该结构用来表示接触某人身体的某一部位。
Don't hit him in the face.
不要打他的脸。
The angry father caught his son by the arm.
那个生气的父亲拽住了他儿子的胳膊。
The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.
那个淘气的男孩儿打中了那个人的鼻子。
He hit the boy in the face.
你能描述一个当你不是真心的时候你可能会微笑的情况吗？
当先行词为抽象地点名词case,situation,position,atmosphere,stage,activity, family和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。
The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
①We may find ourselves in a situation where we can't pay our debts.
②All the neighbours admire this family, where the parents treat their children like friends.
考点集训三1．The allfemale ship crew made history by becoming(become)the first to sail round the world.
2.She leaned up and kissed him on the cheek.
3．Imagine that you are in a situation where no one believes in you.
4．Let's think of a situation where this idiom can be used.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．While the other children interacted(交流) and played together, Ted ignored them.
2．His sudden departure had demonstrated(说明) how unreliable he was.
3．His expressions varied(变化)from pokerfaced to blank.
4.Jeans are not appropriate(合适的) for a formal party.
5．She finished what she had to say with a gesture(姿势)of despair.
6．Your time could be usefully employed(使用)in attending to professional matters.
7．Police have appealed for witnesses(目击者) to the accident.
8．Her dress is almost identical(相同的)to mine.
9．Later on I remember that I forgot to_bow(鞠躬) at that time.
10．The coat is a bit tight at the waist(腰部)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Her confidence was merely a pose to hide her uncertainty.
2．I like to interact with people and I am good at communication.
3．We want to_demonstrate(demonstrate) our commitment to human rights.
4．We were driving half when the car broke down.
5．Performances varied from excellent to acceptable.
6．Twothirds of the French are in favour of limiting foreign imports into Europe.
7．Look, I can't get through to this number.
8．You must figure out some way of getting some bread.
9．Speaking through an interpreter(interpret), the President said that the talks were going well.
10．Robert patted her on the head in a friendly manner.
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