Unit10 Connections 语篇素养提升（解析版）

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Unit10 Connections语篇素养提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022·咸阳高二期中)We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don't move, they don't make sounds, they don't seem to respond to anything—at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human's view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds (化合物) into the air to help neighbouring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant's disease or infestation (侵扰) so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked__down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbours.
It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, but they also look out for one another.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物间的相互交流。
1．What does paragraph 1 intend to tell us?
A．How plants communicate is still a mystery.
B．Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.
C．Plants are the furniture of the natural world.
D．Plants can communicate with each other.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But as is often the case...all the time. And the language is chemical.”可知，第一段主要告诉人们植物可以相互交流。
2．What is unknown according to paragraph 2?
A．How plants receive and handle the signals from their neighbours.
B．Why plants spread chemical information to their neighbours.
C．How many types of plants release compounds into the air.
D．Whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbours.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.”可知，植物如何接收和处理来自邻居的信号是未知的。
3．What does the underlined phrase “knocked down” mean?
A．Hit.　　　　　　　　　        B．Increased.
C．Expanded.        D．Decreased.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic...start producing the cutworm-killing Hex Vic.”可知，Hex Vic对于切根虫来说是有害的化学物质，因此此处指用Hex Vic喂切根虫使其存活率降低了17%。
4．What may be the best title for the passage?
A．Survival of Plants        B．Plant World
C．Talking Plants        D．Plant Bug killer
C　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.”可知，文章主要介绍了植物间的相互交流。
B
(2022·宝鸡高二期末)New research published in the journal BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine indicates that men and younger adults have been less physically active during the COVID -19 lockdown.
The study, led by Anglia Ruskin University(ARU) and Ulster University, includes data from 911 UK adults who took part in an online survey which began on 17 March. The research found that 75% of UK adults had met the World Health Organization's physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes of middling physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous (剧烈的) physical activity per week, since the introduction of social distancing regulations. This is higher than previous studies carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic, which found that between 58% and 66% of the UK adult population typically meet physical activity guidelines.
The new study found that women, older adults, and those with a higher annual house-hold income were significantly more likely to meet the WHO's physical activity guidelines. This is the opposite of studies carried out before the pandemic, where men and younger adults were found to have higher levels of physical activity.
Lead author Dr Lee Smith, reader in Physical Activity and Public Health at ARU, said, “The overall levels of physical activity are higher than we were expecting. It may be that the UK public have experienced an increase in free time and used this time to be physically active. Additionally, during the early stages, one of the few reasons to leave home was to take part in an hour of exercise. As well as offering a reason to go outside, this may have served as a target for some people.”
Typically, the proportion (比例) of UK adults meeting physical activity guidelines declines with age. Therefore, there should be additional support offered to older adults to encourage them to sustain this level of physical activity post pandemic.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了影响社会变革的因素——有益行为和政策之间的关系。
5．How long does WHO recommend one exercise per week?
A．150 minutes of vigorous exercise.
B．2 hours of vigorous exercise.
C．2 hours and a half of medium exercise.
D．75 minutes of middling exercise.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，世界卫生组织建议成人每周进行150分钟中等强度的运动或75分钟剧烈强度的运动。
6．Who performed better in meeting the guidelines during the COVID-19 lockdown?
A．Older adults.
B．Teenagers.
C．Younger adults.
D．Middle-aged men.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，女性、老年人和家庭年收入较高的人更有可能达到世界卫生组织的身体活动指南的要求，因而老年人在疫情期间的锻炼表现更好。
7．What is higher than expected behind the overall levels of exercise?
A．Higher income.
B．Added spare time.
C．Concern for health.
D．Better education.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，疫情期间，英国民众体育锻炼的总体水平超出预期，这可能是因为英国公众的空闲时间增加了，他们利用这段时间进行体育锻炼。
8．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．The less freedom one has, the more he works out.
B．The busier one gets, the more he works out.
C．The more one earns, the less he works out.
D．The older one becomes, the less he works out.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通常情况下，达到体育活动指南所要求的运动量的英国成年人比例会随着年龄的增长而下降。由此推知，人的年纪越大，锻炼得就越少。
Ⅱ.七选五
I have just eaten a delicious conference pear weighing about 180g. I do not normally weigh snacks, but the recently reported health benefits of eating more fruit and vegetables have inspired me to dig out the scales.
A study published last month showed that, as expected, people who eat fruit and vegetables regularly cut their risk of dying from several diseases such as stroke, cancer and heart disease. 1.________
The data suggested that, compared with eating no fruits and vegetables, overall health outcomes improve with every 200g increment, up to 800g (up to 600g for those with cancer). Unsurprisingly, few people manage to eat more than 800g, meaning that scientists are unable to reliably investigate the benefits of higher intakes.
2．________ Eating 200g of fresh produce (about two and a half portions) appeared to cut the risk of cardiovascular disease by 13 percent, the risk of dying from cancer by 4 percent, and the risk of premature death by 15 percent. 3.________ There is a 28 percent reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease; a 13 percent reduction in total cancer risk; and a 31 percent cut in the risk of premature death.
Some fruits and vegetables seemed especially protective for certain conditions. 4.________ Those wanting to avoid early death, particularly from stroke or heart disease, could add the following to their plates: apples, pears, oranges and leafy vegetables.
Dr Aune said that, even though further research was needed to pin down the details, “a high intake of fruit and vegetables holds tremendous health benefits, and we should try to increase their intake in our diet”. Whole plant foods beat processed versions such as smoothies, which can be high in sugar. 5.________ Dr Aune said there was no evidence that they cut the risk of disease.
Anyway, back to the scales. With each pear clocking in at nearly 200g, I did wonder whether I could gain my 800g with three more ripe beauties from the fruit bowl, currently siting by two wrinkly apples and an unappealing banana. My ugly fruit friends: your time has come.
A．Even so, modest amounts seem to make a difference.
B．Nutritional supplements are no substitute.
C．It adds weight to the idea that a healthy diet plays a role.
D．For cancer, the researchers suggested a possible benefit from green and yellow vegetables.
E．Upping daily intakes to 800g brings even better news.
F．Each of those studies had one thing in common.
G．Generally, the higher the intake of fruit and vegetables, the lower the risk.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项科学研究成果，即经常吃水果和蔬菜的人会降低死于中风、癌症和心脏病等几种疾病的风险建议人们多食用蔬菜和水果，保持身体健康。
1．G　解析：根据上文中的“A study published last month showed that...cut their risk of dying from several diseases”可知，定期吃水果和蔬菜可以降低生病的风险，G项承接上文，讲的是同一事实。
2．A　解析：根据下文中的“Eating 200g of fresh produce...the risk of cardiovascular disease by 13 percent”可知，吃适量的农产品有利于降低得病的风险，用200克的农产品作为具体例子，与A项中的modest amounts相呼应。
3．E　解析：根据下文中的“There is a 28 percent reduction...in the risk of premature death.”中的数字和上文中的数字“13 percent”“4 percent”和“15 percent”可知，患病的风险是不断降低的。因此空处应该解释产生这个结果的原因。E项符合语境。
4．D　解析：根据本段主旨句“Some fruits and vegetables seemed especially protective for certain conditions.”可知，空处承接上文，应对其进行进一步解释。
5．B　解析：根据上文中的“Whole plant foods beat processed versions such as smoothies, which can be high in sugar.”可知，经过加工的食品因为添加了营养补充剂而没有天然的营养健康，空处应承接该话题，B项中的“Nutritional supplements”与其呼应。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Trees and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. In fact, we are 1.____________ used to them that we may even take them for granted without realizing how much inspiration they have given us.
So far, nature 2.____________(inspire) many of the most fascinating designs around us, 3.________________(include) those in architecture. From Barcelona's forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural 4.____________(design). Today, architects continue to explore ways 5.____________(capture) the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. 6.____________(shape) like a lotus flower, Singapore's Art Science Museum appears to float above the water that surrounds it. Visitors are often 7.____________(amaze) to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in 8.____________(close) harmony with our environment than before. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be 9.____________ challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us 10.____________ to achieve this.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们每天都享受树木和鲜花的美丽，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感这件事。
1．so　解析：考查固定搭配。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，为固定搭配，引导结果状语从句。
2．has inspired　解析：考查动词的时态。根据So far可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为nature，所以助动词用has。
3．including　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语动词；该处表示主动，应用现在分词，后接名词或名词短语，including意为“包括……在内。”
4．designs　解析：考查名词复数。 根据architectural可知，空处应填名词；结合前面various可知，空处为名词复数形式。
5．to capture　解析：考查非谓语动词。 此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
6．Shaped　解析：考查非谓语动词。 分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语；Singapore's Art Science Museum和shape为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。
7．amazed　解析：考查形容词。空处需填形容词作表语，此处表示“人的感受”，应用-ed结尾的形容词。
8．closer　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后面的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。
9．a　解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个挑战，且challenge的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。
10．how　解析：考查疑问词。根据语境可知，此处意为“如何实现”，应用表示方式的疑问词how。