Unit10 Connections 语法知识点扫盲（学生版）

skybamboo

Unit10 Connections语法知识点扫盲
过去时态的被动语态
观察句子
This is an interesting novel which ①was written by a famous writer in the 1940s. It was so attractive that it attracted many readers. Once it ②had been translated into many other languages, it became one of the best-sellers in the world. Soon the novel ③was being read across the world.
感悟：
1．加黑处①、②、③均为过去时态的被动语态。
2．加黑处①为一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构为：was/were＋过去分词。
3．加黑处③为过去进行时的被动语态，其基本结构为：was/were being＋过去分词。
4．加黑处②为过去完成时的被动语态，其基本结构为：had been＋过去分词。
语法知识精讲
一、过去时态的被动语态的形式及意义
1．一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，其基本结构为was/were＋过去分词。
◆Was this desk made by your father?
这张桌子是你的爸爸做的吗？
◆Many trees and flowers were planted in our school last year.
去年我们学校种了许多树和花。
2．过去进行时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作，其基本结构为was/were being＋过去分词。
◆Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
◆Was a new library being put up in their school just then?
他们学校当时正在建一座新的图书馆吗？
3．过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的被动动作，常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用，其基本结构为had been＋过去分词。
◆By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
◆How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?
飓风结束时有多少建筑物被摧毁？
二、使用过去时态的被动语态应注意的几个问题
1．“be＋过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be、feel、seem、look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，在句中作表语，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。
◆I was interested in mathematics when I was young.
小时候我对数学很感兴趣。
◆He seemed unsatisfied with his work so he sought help from the boss.
他似乎对自己的工作不满意，因此他向老板求助。
2．“was/were＋in/on/under等＋名词”结构与过去进行时的被动语态表示相同的含义。
◆The bridge was under construction at that time.
那时这座大桥正在建设中。
◆His drawings were on exhibition at the Hayward Gallery this time last year.
去年这个时候，他的画作正在海沃德画廊展出。
3．带复合宾语的动词作谓语的主动句在变被动语态时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。在主动语态中，make、hear、see等词后接不定式要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，要还原to。
◆His words made me throw up.
→I was made to throw up by his words.
他的话令我作呕。
4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义。read、write、act、iron、burn、cut、draw、drive、sell、wash、clean、wear、open、cook、lock、shut、dry、eat、drink等动词用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表示被动意义，且常与well、easily、badly、nicely等副词连用。
◆Bikes of that kind sold well last year.
去年那种自行车好卖。
5．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句在变为被动语态时，可将表物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。
◆My father was telling me an interesting story at this time yesterday.
→An interesting story was being told to me by my father at this time yesterday.
→I was being told an interesting story by my father at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候，我的爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
6．动词短语在主动句中是不可分割的，在被动句中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
◆Such a bad habit should be got rid of.
这样的坏习惯应该改掉。
单元语法专练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The letters for the boss __(put) on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.
2．The stone under her feet rolled, and as she ____(pull) into the river, she called out for help.
3．A window in our classroom was broken when it ____(clean).
4．The manager found that his office ____(break) into the day before.
5．The young scholar came to life after great efforts ____(make) to save his life.
6．Lisa had to have her car repaired in a garage because it ____(damage) seriously.
7．Johnson risked his life saving his daughter who ____(trap) in the water.
8．When I got to his house, I found that the walls ____(paint).
9．After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ____(decorate).
10．The moment she __(declare) the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．这些花很可爱，很快就被卖完了。
The flowers were so lovely that ____________.
2．这首歌已经被翻译成了二十多种外语。
This song __________ 20 foreign languages.
3．昨天我们匆忙赶到火车站，结果却被告知我们的火车推迟了。
We hurried to the railway station yesterday ____________________．
4．这位农民说他们在暴风雪中被困时，解放军战士及时赶来营救。
The farmer said the PLA soldiers came to rescue timely ______________．
5．史密斯先生今天早上不得不乘公共汽车去上班，因为他的汽车正在被修理。
Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning __________．