新教材高中英语Unit3ConservationPartⅤWritingWorkshopViewingWorkshop&ReadingClub

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Unit 3 ConservationPart Ⅴ　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club【学习目标】

话题语境	人与自然之人与环境的探讨
课时词汇	involve, claim, sum, memorial, institute, instance, essay, opponent, drug, chemical
常用短语	involve sb. in sth., be involved in, claim on, make a claim, in memory of sb., to sum up, suffer from, on the other hand, for instance, have an impact on, in addition to, in my opinion, result in, at the rate of, a great number of
重点句式	(1)that引导表语从句 (2)despite (doing) sth. (3)过去分词作状语 (4)现在分词作结果状语 (5)whatever引导让步状语从句

单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________ adj.  农业的
2．________________ adj.  古老的；历史上重要的
3．________________ adj.  景色优美的
4．________________ n.  纪念馆；纪念碑
　　　     　　　　adj.  (对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
5．________________ n.  委员会
6．________________ vt.  概括，总括
　　　　　　      　n.  金额，款项；总数
7．________________ n.  药物，药材；毒品
8．________________ n.  化学品
　　　　　 　     　adj.  化学的
9．________________ vt.  声称；断言；主张
　　　　　　　      n.  声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求
10．________________ n.  例子，实例
11．________________ adj.  残忍的
12．________________ n.  反对者；对手，敌手
13．________________ n.  机构；研究院
14．________________ vt.  包含，需要
15．________________ n.  论说文；散文
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．This is the pen with which he signed the  ________(历史性的) document.
2．Today we're going to have a tour of this  ________    (景色优美的)  island.
3．Scientists have found that there are mountains and    ________  (山谷) on the moon.
4．The statue was ________  (雕刻) out of a single piece of stone.
5．Have you visited the Lincoln M________ in Washington, D．C.?
6．They elected her to represent them on the c________.
7．I wonder why you've done so well in every c________  experiment.
8．They c________ many advantages for their new product.
9．He defeated all his o________  in this election and became the new president.
10．These bags are generally recyclable, but b________  of them are thrown away every year.
11．The job i________  me travelling all over the country.
Ⅲ.阅读本部分内容，翻译相关短语
1．许多的，大量的  ________________
2．以……速度，以……比率  ________________
3．导致  ________________
4．在我看来，依我看  ________________
5．概括，总结  ________________
6．对……有影响  ________________
7．除……之外，此外  ________________
8．例如  ________________
9．另一方面  ________________
10．忍受，遭受  ________________


1.involve vt.包含，需要；涉及；使参与
(教材P62)Factory farming involves keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs.工厂化养殖包括在建筑物内饲养农场动物，以增加肉类或蛋类的产量。
involve sb. in (doing) sth.  使某人参与(做)某事
be/get involved in/with  参与；卷入；投入
❶The $85 million programme will involve an extensive rebranding of the airline.
这个8 500 万美元的项目将包含全面重塑该航空公司的形象。
❷A late booking may involve you in extra cost. 晚预订可能会给你增加额外的费用。
❸When I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I often turned to my friend.
当我要作出有高风险的决定时，我经常向我的朋友求助。
❹John would, sooner or later, involve himself in serious trouble.
约翰迟早会把他自己卷入严重的麻烦中。
❺Mike had no desire to be involved with/in anything dangerous or violent.
迈克不想卷入任何危险或暴力的事情中去。
词语联想：
involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连
高考链接：
①His job involves spending a lot of time with other people.
②She was so involved in the book that she didn't hear the knock.
③We need to consider all the costs involved in the project first.
[即学即练]　用involve的正确形式填空/翻译句子
①It is reported that there are many health  problems ________ with smoking.
②Thanks to your ________， we succeed in completing the project.
③父母应当参与子女的教育。
________________________________________________________________________
④不要把我牵扯到解决你的问题里。
________________________________________________________________________
2.claim vt.声称；主张　vt. & vi.(根据权利)要求；索要　vt.认领；对……宣示所有权　n. [C]主张；声称；断言；所有权；索赔；索要
(教材P62)People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.为动物权益而战的人们声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。
常用搭配：
claim sth. back索回/要回某物
claim on sth.要求……；索取……
claim to do/be...  声称做/是……
claim to have done sth.  声称做过某事
claim (that)．..  声称……
It is/was claimed that...  有人主张……
have a claim on sth.  拥有……的所有权
make a claim for sth.  对……提出要求/索赔
❶Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fighting against cancer.
科学家们称在抗癌方面取得了重大突破。
❷I don't claim to be an expert. 我没自称是专家。
❸Some people claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. 有些人声称上网就是浪费时间。
❹So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library.
目前为止，还没有人来认领在图书馆捡到的那些钱。
❺You can claim back the tax on your purchases. 你可以要求退回购物时缴纳的税款。
❻What false claims did the advertisement make? 这则广告做了哪些虚假宣传？
比较：
claim that...声称……
如：①He claims to be an expert in English literature.
＝He claims that he is an expert in English literature.
他声称是英国文学专家。
②He claims to be telling the truth.
＝He claims that he is telling the truth.
他声称自己在讲的是实话。
③He claims to have been to the U．S.
＝He claims that he has been to the U．S.
他声称自己去过美国。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Two young girls claimed  ________ (see) the fairies.
②The lawyer claimed ________ the defendant was not guilty.
③It ________  (claim)  that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
④The police said that if nobody came to claim the watch, you could keep it.
________________________________________________________________________
⑤He should be able to claim back his money.
________________________________________________________________________
3.sum vt.概括；总结　n．[C]全部；和，总和；总数
(教材P62)To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.总之，尽管生产廉价食物，但工厂式农业对星球、对动物本身都是有害的。
a large sum of (money)  一大笔；大量的
sum of   款项，金额
in sum  总而言之，大体上
sum up  概括，总结；作概述
❶We paid a large sum of money for the house.我们花了一大笔钱买了这栋房子。
❷The sum of five and three is eight.5加3的和是8.
❸At the end of the class, the teacher summed up the main points.
老师在下课前总结了要点。
❹To sum up, we must produce the best products for customers.
总之，我们必须为消费者生产最好的产品。
名师点津：
句中to sum up，作独立成分，独立于句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等，又称评论性状语。常见作独立成分的不定式有：
to tell you the truth说实话
to be honest诚实地说
to be frank坦诚地说
to speak frankly坦诚地说
to cap it all总之
to begin with首先
to start with首先
to put it briefly简言之
to be sure确切地说
注意：这种独立成分也可用现在分词短语，如：frankly speaking坦率地说
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我可否就我们目前已经达成的共识作个概括？
Can I just ________________ what we've agreed so far?
②总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。
________________， the two countries are now true economic partners.
③她为我的服务付给了我一大笔钱。
She paid me ________________________ for my services.
4.memorial adj.纪念的　n．[C]纪念物；纪念碑
a memorial statue/prize   纪念雕像/奖
the Memorial Hall to President Mao  毛主席纪念堂
Monument to the People's Heroes  人民英雄纪念碑
have a good/poor memory (for...)  他(对……)的记忆力很好/差
speak/paint from memory  凭记忆说/画
commit sth. to memory＝put sth. into one's memory
  记住某事
相关词语：
memory n．[C，U]记性；记忆力
memorise vt.记住；记忆＝put sth. into one's memory
❶This statue is a memorial to a great statesman.这尊雕像是纪念一位伟大的政治家。
❷He founded a charity in memory of his wife.他举办那项慈善事业为纪念他已故的妻子。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①An actor must be able to ________ (memory) his lines.
②He had ________ good memory for faces, and he was sure he hadn't seen her before.
③The church was a ________ (memory) to the disaster victims.
④He founded the charity ________ memory of his late wife.
1.get rid of (1)get rid of...摆脱，去除；丢弃　(2)rid (rid; rid) vt.
(教材P64)It's not likely for humans to get rid of roads, power or pipelines now.现在对于人类来说，摆脱道路、能源或管道是不可能的。
rid sb. of sth.  使某人摆脱/去除……(坏习惯等)
be rid of sth.  摆脱……
❶The government is trying to rid the city of pollution.政府正在努力使城市免受污染。
❷The boss rid himself of David because he was so lazy.老板开除了大卫，因为他太懒了。
❸I was finally rid of the cold.我的感冒终于好了。
❹It's not easy to get rid of my brother. He follows me wherever I go.
想甩掉我弟弟不容易，我走到哪儿他跟到哪儿。
词语拓展：
[即学即练]　单句写作/完成句子
①我们的沙发太旧了，我们需要把它扔了。
Our sofa is really old. We need ________________.
②锻炼是消除压力的最好办法。
Exercise is the best way ________________ stress.
③坏习惯一旦养成，就难以改掉。
Once a bad habit is formed, it is hard ________________.
④医生把我的病治好了。
The doctor has rid me ________ the disease.
v．＋sb.＋of＋sth.短语
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
cure sb. of sth.治好某人……病
warn sb. of/against sth.告诫某人某事
convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
assure sb. of sth.确保某人某事
cheat sb. of sth.骗取某人某物
clear sb. of sth.清除某人某事
persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
break sb. of sth.使某人改掉……
tell sb. of sth.给某人讲述某事
deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物
2．opponent of...……的反对者/对手
(教材P62)On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.另一方面，工厂式农业的反对者说这对动物很残忍。
opponent n.  [C]  对手；反对者
the opponent of...  ……的反对者
opponent at/in sth.  ……方面的对方/对手
sb.'s opponent  某人的对手
a political opponent  政敌
Your opponent will help you grow stronger through competition.
通过竞争，你的对手会使/让你变得更强大。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我们星期六比赛对手很强大。
Our opponents ________ Saturday's game are very powerful.
②强烈反对核武器的人将在会上提出一个新法案。
A fierce opponent ________ nuclear arms will put forward a new bill at the conference.
3.result in导致
(教材P66)Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted in a huge forest fire in May 2016.加拿大国内减少的降雨量导致了2016年5月的一场森林大火。
result in...(＝lead to或contribute to...)  导致……
result vi.  发生，由……导致
result n.  [C，U]结果，成果
❶His carelessness resulted in the kitchen fire.他的粗心大意引起了一场厨房火灾。
❷His success resulted from hard work.他的成功是努力的结果。
❸Her diet resulted in weight loss.她的节食导致了体重下降。
❹His success is a result of hard work.他的成功是努力的结果。
❺If  you believe in yourself and workhard, you will achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好的结果。
用法归纳：
(1)result from...由……造成
result in...导致……
as a result of...＝becaouse of作为……的结果；由于……；
as a result因此；所以；结果
(2)lead to...通向，导致，造成
contribute to...促成；导致
[即学即练]　完成句子
①他犯了错误。因此，他丢了工作。
He made one big mistake. ________________， he lost his job.
②由于这场雨，野餐被取消了。
________________ of the rain, the picnic was cancelled.
③他考试不及格是由于粗心大意。
His failure in the exam resulted ________ his carelessness.
④他的粗心大意导致了他考试不及格。
His carelessness resulted ________ his failure in the exam.
4.turn on sb.突然攻击某人
(教材P66)So why is nature beginning to turn on us？那么为什么大自然开始向我们突然发起攻击？
turn on sb.  突然攻击某人
turn on sth.  以某事为主要议题
turn on sth./doing sth.(＝depend on sth.)  依某事物而定
turn sb. on  使某人激动或兴奋(尤指异性方面)
turn sth. on  扭开(烤箱、收音机、电灯等)
❶His normally placid dog turned on him and bit him in the leg.
他那条平常很温顺的狗，突然发作咬了他的腿。
❷Why are you all turning on me？你们为什么都突然冲我来了？
❸The discussion turned on the need for better public health care.
讨论的主要议题是必须改善大众保健服务。
❹The success of a picnic usually turns on the weather.参加野餐是否尽兴，通常要看天气好坏。
❺Jazz has never really turned me on.我从未对爵士乐产生过兴趣。
词语拓展：
turn out结果是
turn up把声音调大；露面，到场
turn down把声音调小；拒绝
turn off关掉
turn around转身
turn to转向……；求助于
turn over把……翻过来
wait in turn排队等候
wait one's turn等待某人的顺序
It's sb.'s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了
turn to sb. for help向某人求援
[即学即练]　完成句子
①有胡子的男子每每引起她的兴趣。
She's often ________________ by men with beards.
②打开煤气开关，点燃烤箱。
________________ the gas and light the oven.
③是否去郊游依天气而定。
Whether going for an outing or not ________________ the weather.
④由于人类对地球的非善意的行为，大自然已经开始惩罚我们了。
As a result of unkind behaviour humans to the earth, nature is beginning to ________________  us.
⑤今天的讲座主题是地球各种类型的污染。
Today's lecture is to ________________ the pollution of all kinds on the earth.
1.that引导的表语从句
(教材P62)The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion, according to the United Nations.对工厂化农业的主要观点是，除了比传统或有机农业成本低廉很多之外，按照联合国的说法，它还为已经达到70亿的世界人口提供了更多的食物。
that作为表语从句的引导词在表语从句中不充当句子成分，无意义，但一般不能省略。
❶The reason why he is absent is that he has gone to London.
他缺席的原因是他已经去了伦敦。
❷The trouble is that I have lost his address. 问题是我把他的地址丢了。
特别注意：
在表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语须用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should 可省略。常见的有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea 等。
My suggestion is that we (should) make an early start tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①One of the reasons why he likes reading poetry is ________ he likes the language of it.
②My plan is that we ________ (go) to the park together tomorrow.
③The problem is ________ we  can not get someone to replace her.
2.despite doing...尽管……
(教材P62)To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for animals themselves.总之，尽管生产出便宜的食品，工厂式农业对星球和对动物本身是有害的。
despite prep.尽管，虽然。用法同in spite of，后面可跟名词、代词或动名词作介词宾语。
❶Despite (＝In spite of ) his young age, he did a very good job.
尽管他很年轻，但是他工作做得很好。
❷It's unbelievable that Sophia leads a simple life despite(＝in spite of) her great wealth.
难以让人相信的是，索菲亚尽管拥有大量的财富，但他过着简朴的生活。
❸Despite having been there before, he still knows little about the place.
尽管从前曾去过那里，但是他对此处了解甚微。
名师点津：
(1)despite/in spite of是两个介词或介词短语，其后面跟名词、代词、动名词。
(2)though/although是两个从属连词，后面要跟从句，表示“尽管”“虽然”之意。
句型转换：
Despite/Inspite of being late, she finished the work on time.
＝Although/Though she was late, she finished the work on time.
[即学即练]　完成句子
①尽管他从未上过学，但他通过自学获得了博士学位。
________________ never going to school, he has got a doctor's degree by studying on his own/teaching himself/self-study.
②尽管年纪大了，但他早晨从未停止过跑步。
________________ he has never stopped doing running in the morning.
3.过去分词作状语
(教材P65)Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.丽江古城四面是田野、山川、河流，在春天和夏季看上去像一块玉砚。
过去分词短语Surrounded by...作状语，修饰句子谓语，表示条件。过去分词在句中作状语可表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。
(1)作时间状语：可置于句首、句中和句尾。
(2)原因状语：一般置于句首，偶尔见于句尾或句中。
(3)伴随或方式状语：可位于句首、句中或句尾。
(4)条件状语：常位于句首。
❶Asked about his family, the young man made no answer.
＝The young man, asked about his family, made no answer.
＝The young man made no answer, asked about his family.
当问到有关他家庭情况时，他没有回答。
❷Having lived abroad for years, I am longing to return.在国外多年，我一直盼望着回国。
❸The child learns fast, well brought up by his parents. 父母教育得法，这个孩子学得很快。
❹The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf dog.
＝Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
＝The hunter, followed by his wolf dog, walked slowly in the forest.
猎人在森林里慢慢走着，后面跟着一条狼狗。
❺United, we stand; divided, we fall.联合起来我们就能站立；分裂我们必然倒下。
要点拓展：
根据需要，-ed形式前面也可加上when, while, until, once, though, although, as long as, so long as, unless, as if, as though, even if, even though等词。在before, after, without词后必须用being done结构。
典型例句：
(1)When asked about his family, he made no answer.当被问到有关他家庭情况时，他没回答。
(2)Unless invited, I won't attend the get-together.除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会。
(3)The boy left the playhouse without being seen.这男孩没被发现就离开了游戏室。
(4)Before being called, remain where you are.叫你之前，待在原地别动。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①When ________ (ask) about his name, he kept silence.
②Unless ________ (invite), I won't attend the get-together.
③The boy left the play house, with out ________ (see)．
④Before ________ (call), remain where you are.
⑤________ (write) carefully, the article is ________ (praise) by the teacher.
⑥________ (see) by nobody, he kept silence about his theft.
4.whatever引导让步状语从句和名词性从句
(教材P66)They build homes from whatever materials they can find.他们用能找到的任何材料修建房屋。
(1)whatever (＝anything that) pron.  任何事/物(引导名词性从句)
(2)whatever (＝any) adj.  任何(通常这种用法在句中作定语)
(3)whatever (＝no matter what)  无论什么(引导让步状语从句)
(4)wh-ever类引导词的用法
wh-ever可作主句的疑问词，也可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter＋相应的wh-词”，在引导名词性从句时，只能用wh-ever。
❶I don't believe whatever he said.我不相信他说的任何事儿。
❷I'll give you whatever books you need.我会给你所需要的任何书。
❸We have to go on, whatever trouble/no matter what trouble we meet with.
无论我们遇到什么困难，我们都要坚持下去。
❹Whenever I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.
＝No matter when I'm unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.
不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友给我鼓起勇气。
❺Whatever happens (＝No matter what) happens, I will be with you.
不管发生什么事，我都会和你在一起。
❻Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
无论她到哪里，都有成群的人等着见她。
❼Whatever he did yesterday is wrong.
＝Anything that he did yesterday is wrong.他昨天做的事都错了。
名师点津：
(1)含有no matter who/what等的从句跟含有whoever, whatever等的从句颇为相像。如：
No matter what you say/whatever you say, I won't believe you.不管你说什么，我都不会相信你。
(2)含有whoever/whatever等的从句同含有no matter who/what等的从句之间，有些差别。含有no matter的从句不能用作主语或宾语；而含有whoever/whatever等的从句则可以用作主语或宾语。如：I'll eat whatever you give me.不管你给我什么我都吃。(whatever＝anything that)但不能说I'll eat no matter what you give me.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ (任何东西) he or she wants.
②—What about camping this sunday?
—Ok, ________ you want.
③The business man always wears a suit ________ the season is.
④________ I did was for you.
⑤You can take ________ you like.
⑥Dinner can be ________ you want it to be.
5.现在分词作结果状语
(教材P66)A massive earthquake hit central Italy in August 2016, killing at least 247 people.2016年8月，意大利中部发生大地震，至少247人丧生。
现在分词作结果状语，通过放在句子末尾，表示谓语动词发生后，自然出现的结果。这个现在分词也可用并列谓语来表示。如句中“killing at least 247 people”可转换成“and killed at least 247 people”。
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了将近一个月，几乎没有剩下什么有用的东西。
知识拓展：
现在分词的一般形式放在句子末尾，除表示结果外，也还用来表示目的、方式或伴随。如果现在分词表示原因，条件则通常放在句首。表示让步时则置于句首、句尾皆可。
[即学即练]　指出各句子画曲线部分的现在分词在句中作什么样的状语
①I hunted around from city to city, hoping to get a job.________________
②I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.________________
③Talking and laughing, the children walked one by one into the classroom.________________
④Behaving yourself, you shall get a nice award.________________
⑤Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed________________
⑥Taking more care, I still made quite a few mistakes.________________
⑦Working hard as he used to, he still couldn't succeed.________________
[素材储备]
1．文体介绍
正反观点型文章，也称观点对比型文章，属于议论文的一种。文章通过讨论一种现象或剖析事物来论述道理、发表意见或提出主张。作者往往从两方面阐明观点，摆事实、讲道理、给论据，辩证地说明某种现象，并简单陈述自己的观点。
这种体裁的文章观点明确，句式较为整齐。在时态方面，陈述正反两方面观点常用一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。
2．篇章结构
这种类型的文章一般可分为四段：
第一段：开门见山引入话题；
第二段：列举正方(一方)观点及理由；
第三段：列举反方(另一方)观点及理由；
第四段：表明自己的观点。
3．常用表达
①Recently, we've had a hot discussion about...最近，我们就……进行了热烈的讨论。
②Opinions are divided on the topic.在这个问题上，意见存在分歧。
③People take different views on this problem.人们对这个问题有不同的看法。
④People who are for/against the idea think that...赞成/反对这一观点的人认为……
⑤However, ...hold a different view/the opposite opinion.然而，……持有不同的/相反的观点。
⑥However, each coin has two sides.然而，事物都有两面性。
⑦People who are against it don't think so.反对它的人不这么认为。
⑧From my point of view，...在我看来，……
⑨As far as I am concerned, I am for/in favour of the former/latter view.就我而言，我赞成前一/后一种观点。
[模拟演练]
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Ben来信询问你对学生上网交友的看法。请你用英文给他回一封信，介绍人们的观点并表达自己的看法，要点包括：
1．赞成的理由：可广交朋友、自由表达思想、利于外语学习；
2．反对的理由：浪费时间、影响学习、可能上当受骗；
3．你的看法。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
请总结你学到的有用表达：
[高级词汇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[高级句式]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________


[词语积累]
①[英语释义]heritage: the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character
②committee /kə'mɪti/ n. 委员会
③temple /'templ/ n．[C]庙宇，寺院
④Confucius/kən'fjuːʃəs/ n．孔子
Temple of Confucius孔庙
⑤memorial/mə'mɔːriəl/n.[sing.]纪念物；[C]纪念碑(常与to搭配)
⑥ground n. [pl.](建筑物周围的)场地，庭院
⑦surround vt.围绕；包围
be surrounded by/with...被……环绕
⑧a jade ink stone 玉砚石
⑨valley/'væli/n.[C]山谷，溪谷
⑩scenic/'siːnɪk/adj.风景优美的
an area of scenic beauty 风光秀丽的地区
a scenic drive驱车观光
⑪historic/hɪ'stɒrɪk/adj.历史上著名(或重要)的
⑫spring n．[C] 泉
⑬be home to...是……的栖息地/产地
⑭protected adj.受保护的
WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN CHINA
The official title of “World Heritage① Site” is given by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) committee② to places in the world that are outstanding examples of cultural or natural history. Up to 2019, there are 55 world heritage sites in China, which has the same number of sites as Italy. Here are three of them.
The Temple③ and Mansion of Confucius④
This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and is a memorial⑤ to Confucius. The site is huge. On the ground, there are more than 900 halls and rooms. The building that people visit most is the Temple of Confucius. Besides the temple, visitors can enjoy the grounds⑥ outside, where there are more than 1,000 stone tablets and over 100,000 tombs.
The Old Town of Lijiang
This site is a few hours bus-ride away from the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. Surrounded⑦ by fields, mountains and rivers【1】， the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone⑧ in spring and summer.
【1】“Surrounded by... rivers”为过去分词短语作状语，句子的主语the Old Town of Lijiang和surround之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Each year, many foreign tourists visit the Old Town, and the place is like “Venice in the East” to them. There are narrow alleys, pretty streams, small stone bridges and houses with carved doors and painted windows【2】．
【2】carved和painted均为单个的过去分词作前置定语，分别修饰doors和windows。
Jiuzhaigou Valley⑨ Scenic⑩ and Historic⑪Interest Area
This area, north of Sichuan Province, is a unique natural wonder.  Every year, visitors from all over the world come to admire the mountains, lakes, streams, trees, underground springs⑫ and waterfalls, which make Jiuzhaigou Valley an area of outstanding natural beauty. The valley is also home to⑬ many protected⑭ species of plants and endangered animals.
中国的世界遗产
“世界遗产”是由联合国教育、科学及文化组织(教科文组织)委员会授予世界上一些地方的官方称号，这些地方都是文化或自然历史方面的杰出典范。截至2019年，中国有55处世界遗产，这与意大利的遗产数量相当。这里介绍其中三处。
孔庙和孔府
该遗址位于山东省曲阜市，是孔子的纪念馆。遗址占地面积很大。在那片场地上有900多个大厅和房间。人们参观最多的建筑是孔庙。除了孔庙，游客还可以欣赏外面的庭院，那里有1 000多块石碑和10万多座坟墓。
丽江古城
该遗址离云南大理古城只有几个小时的车程。丽江古城被田野、山脉和河流环绕，在春天和夏天它看起来就像一块玉砚。每年许多外国游客来参观古城，这个地方对他们来说就像“东方的威尼斯”——狭窄的小巷、美丽的溪流、小石桥以及有着雕刻门和涂色窗户的房子随处可见。
九寨沟风景名胜区
该地区位于四川省北部，是一个独特的自然奇观。每年，来自世界各地的游客都会来欣赏这里的群山、湖泊、溪流、树木、地下泉水和瀑布，这些景观使九寨沟成为自然风景极美的地区。九寨沟也是许多受保护的植物和濒危动物的家园。
[词语积累]
①on a grand scale 大规模
②worse n．[U]更多的问题，更坏的消息
③changeable/'tʃeɪndʒəbl/
adj.易变的，常变的
④weather pattern 天气模式
⑤thunderstorm/'θʌndəstɔːm/
n．[C] 雷雨，雷暴
⑥typhoon /taɪ'fuːn/n.[C]台风
⑦hit vt. & vi.危害，产生不良影响，打击
A tornado hit on Tuesday night.星期二晚上发生了一次龙卷风。
⑧severe drought 严重的干旱
⑨result in 导致
result from由……引起
⑩turn on sb.突然攻击某人
⑪overpopulation/ˌəʊvəˌpɒpju'leɪʃn/
n．[U]人口过多
⑫agricultural/ˌægrɪ'kʌltʃərəl/
adj.农业的
agriculture n．[U]农业，农学
⑬collapse/kə'læps/vi.(突然)倒塌，坍塌
⑭slip vi.滑落
⑮downhill/ˌdaʊn'hɪl/adv.向山下，向下
⑯landslide n．[C](山坡或悬崖的)崩塌，滑坡
⑰on top of... 除……之外
►We missed our flight，and on top of that we had to wait seven hours for the next one.我们没赶上飞机，而且下一班还得再等七个小时。
⑱play a part 起作用
⑲claim vi. 夺走，夺去(生命)
►The car crash claimed three lives.那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
NATURE IS TURNING ON US
In the last few years, we have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale①， and experts are predicting worse② to come. Jin Li reports on our Earth's changeable③ weather patterns④.
Thunderstorms⑤， floods, earthquakes, typhoons⑥， volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and forest fires have become increasingly common. There have been terrible floods in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with more hurricanes hitting⑦ the US and Central America【1】．Reduced rainfall has affected Africa for years, with severe droughts⑧ in Somalia and Kenya in 2017, as well as many other zones becoming drier.  Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted in⑨ a huge forest fire in May 2016. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been a threat. In 2016, there were three volcanic eruptions at almost the same time in Indonesia. There have been serious earthquakes in many parts of Asia, Europe and South America. A massive earthquake hit central Italy in August 2016, killing at least 247 people【2】．
【1】画线部分为“with＋名词＋v.-ing”结构，这个结构在句中作伴随状语。
【2】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。
【3】画线部分为whatever引导的宾语从句。
Landslides and earthquakes are even more dangerous now than in the past because around half of the world's population now live in cities. Many people in cities and towns in South America and Asia are at risk from landslides. In April 2017, the city of Mocoa in Colombia was hit by a landslide, leaving many dead and injured【4】.  A great number of people live at risk from earthquakes too. These have claimed⑲ more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
【4】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语，属于“leave＋代词＋形容词”结构。
Most disaster experts believe that things could get a lot worse. Professor Hou Ming of Peking University studies volcanoes. He warns that the world has not seen the worst yet.  The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia. Dust from the volcano rolled across the Earth's skies. There was no summer in Europe and America the following year. But evidence shows that 73,000 years ago there was a much greater eruption. “It reduced temperatures by maybe 6 ℃ in some places, and the whole planet was sent into winter for years. And there are about two of these events every 100,000  years...”
大自然正在报复我们
过去的几年里，我们目睹了大规模的环境灾难，而专家们正预测，更糟的问题还在后头。李今在此汇报地球多变的天气模式。
雷暴、洪水、地震、台风、火山喷发、海啸和森林火灾已经变得越来越常见。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生了可怕的洪水。各地的暴风雨也越来越严重，更多的飓风袭击了美国和中美洲地区。降雨量的减少已影响非洲多年，2017年，索马里和肯尼亚发生了严重的旱灾，其他许多地区也正在变得更干旱。加拿大降雨量的减少引发了2016年5月的森林大火。火山喷发和地震则一直在威胁人类。2016年，印度尼西亚几乎同时发生了三次火山喷发。亚洲、欧洲和南美洲的许多地方都发生了严重的地震。2016年8月，意大利中部发生大地震，造成至少247人死亡。
那么，为什么大自然开始报复我们呢？答案之一是人口过剩。世界人口正以每小时1万人的速度增长，每年增长接近9千万人。大多数人口增长都发生在发展中国家。农业地区的穷人经常迁徙到城市中。他们用能找到的任何材料建造住所。这些房屋很容易在地震中倒塌，或者在山体滑坡时滑下山坡，尤其是在大雨过后。此外，还有全球变暖造成的附加因素。这主要由工厂和车辆产生的大量二氧化碳造成。世界各地森林的破坏也是原因之一。这导致更温暖的海洋产生了更强的风。现在，大西洋飓风的强度比30年前增加了40%。
现在，山体滑坡和地震比过去更加危险，因为现在世界上大约一半的人口生活在城市里。许多南美和亚洲城镇的居民面临山体滑坡的危险。2017年4月，哥伦比亚的莫科阿市发生了山体滑坡，大量人员伤亡。许多人也生活在地震的危险中。过去的一百年里，地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。
大多数灾害专家认为，情况可能会变得更糟。北京大学侯明教授专门研究火山。他警告说，地球上的人类还没有经历过最糟糕的情况。人类历史上最严重的火山喷发可能是1815年印度尼西亚的坦博拉火山喷发。火山灰弥漫在地球上空。第二年，欧洲和美洲没有经历夏天。但是证据表明，7.3万年前有一次更大的喷发。“它使一些地方的温度降低了大约6摄氏度，整个星球多年来一直处于冬季。而每10万年就会发生大约两次这样的事件……”


Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Factory farming ________ (包括/涉及) keeping farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs.
2．Moreover, factory-farmed animals suffer from fewer ________ (病痛) than those living outside.
3．On the other hand, ________ (对手，反对者) of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.
4．In addition to it, factory farming has a ________ (负面的) impact on the environment.
5．To sum up, despite ________ (生产) cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
6．This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and is a ________ (纪念馆) to Confucius.
7．Besides the ________ (庙宇), visitors can enjoy the grounds outside.
8．This area, north of Sichuan Province, is a unique ________ (自然/天生) wonder.
9．Every year, visitors from all over the world come to ________ (欣赏) the mountains and lakes.
10．The valley is also home to many ________ (保护) species of plants and ________ (濒危) animals.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In the last few years, we have seen ________ (environment) disasters on a grand scale.
2．Thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes...have become ________ (increase) common.
3．________ (reduce) rainfall in Canada resulted in a huge forest fire.
4．This has ________ (main) been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide ________ (produce) by factories and vehicles.
5．In April 2017, the city of Mocoa in Colombia was ________ (hit) by a landslide, ________ (leave) many ________ (die) and ________ (injure)．
6．A number of people live ________ risk ________ earthquakes too.
7．Most disaster experts believe that things could get a lot ________ (bad)．
8．The worst ________ (erupt) in human history was Mt Tambora in 1815.
9．But evidence shows that 73,000 years ago, there was a much ________ (great) ________ (erupt)．
10．The ________ (destroy) of the world's forests plays a part.
Ⅲ.句子仿写：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】The main argument for factory farming is that, apart from being a lot cheaper than traditional or organic farming, it provides more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion, according to the United Nations.
【仿句】我的建议是我们应该告诉他真相。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
【仿句】虽然有雾，但是飞机还是照常起飞了。________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.
【仿句】这所大学建于1900年，是世界上最著名的大学之一。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】A massive earthquake hit central Italy in August 2016, killing at least 247 people.
【仿句】他父母死了，给他留下了许多钱。
________________________________________________________________________
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5．【例句】They build homes from whatever materials they can find.
【仿句】无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Factory farming involves 1.________ (keep) farm animals inside buildings to increase the production of meat or eggs. According to an institute, “74% of the world's poultry, 43%  of its beef and 68%  of its eggs 2.________ (produce) in this way.”
The main 3.________ (argue) for factory farming is that,  apart from being a lot cheaper than 4.________ (tradition) or organic farming, it 5.________ (provide) more food for a world population that has already reached seven billion. As factory farms do not use many workers, the costs are low and the production is high. Moreover, factory-farmed animals suffer from 6.________ (few) diseases than those living outside.
On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals. For instance, many farm animals are kept in small spaces 7.________ they can hardly move. In addition to this, factory farming has a negative impact 8.________  the environment because it creates a lot of waste products, and uses a lot of chemicals to control insects and drugs 9.________ (treat) diseases.
To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves. We should try to reduce this kind of farming, although we would have to pay more for our eggs 10.________  meat.
Part Ⅴ　Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Club双基夯实·课前排查Ⅰ.
1．agricultural　2.historic　3.scenic　4.memorial
5．committee　6.sum　7.drug　8.chemical　9.claim
10．instance　11.cruel　12.opponent　13.institute
14．involve　15.essay
Ⅱ.
1．historic　2.scenic　3.valleys　4.carved　5.Memorial
6．committee　7.chemical　8.claimed　9.opponents
10．billions　11.involves
Ⅲ.
1．a great number of　2.at the rate of　3.result in　4.in my opinion　5.sum up　6.have an impact on　7.in addition to　8.for instance　9.on the other hand　10.suffer from
核心突破·要点讲解►第一版块：重点单词
1．①involved　②involvement　③Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.　④Don't involve me in solving your problems.
2．①to have seen　②that　③was claimed　④警察说如果没有人来认领这块手表，你可以保管它。　⑤他应该可以要回他的钱。
3．①sum up　②In sum　③a large sum of money
4．①memorise　②a　③memorial　④in
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①to get rid of it　②to get rid of　③to get rid of it　④of
2．①in　②of
3．①As a result　②As a result　③from　④in
4．①turned on 　②Turn on 　③turns on　④turn on　⑤turn on
►第三版块：典型句式
1．①that　②will go　③that
2．①Despite/In spite of　②Despite/In spite of his old age
3．①asked　②invited　③being seen　④being called
⑤Written; praised　⑥Seen
4．①whatever　②whatever　③whatever　④Whatever
⑤whatever　⑥whatever
5．①目的　②伴随　③方式　④条件　⑤条件　⑥让步
⑦让步
►第四版块：写作专题——正反观点型议论文
[模拟演练]
参考范文：
Dear Ben，
I'm glad to receive your letter. It's my pleasure to share with you my opinion about whether students should make friends online.
Some people say yes. The Internet helps make many friends. Chatting online, students can express their feelings and opinions more freely, and even get help with their foreign language study.
Others, however, think students should not. They say making friends online is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students may get cheated online.
It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.
Yours，
Li Hua
夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.
1．involves　2.diseases　3.opponents　4.negative
5．producing　6.memorial　7.temple　8.natural　9.admire
10．protected; endangered
Ⅱ.
1．environmental　2.increasingly　3.Reduced　4.mainly; produced　5.hit; leaving; dead; injured　6.at; from
7．worse　8.eruption　9.greater　eruption　10.destruction
Ⅲ.
1．My suggestion is that we should tell him the truth.
2．The plane took off as usual despite the fog.
3．Founded in 1900, this university is one of the most famous universities in the world.
4．His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
5．We can work out whatever difficulties we meet.
Ⅳ.
1．keeping　2.are produced　3.argument　4.traditional
5．provides　6.fewer　7.where　8.on　9.to treat　10.and