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Unit 7 Art
Lesson1 Masterpieces导学案
- 掌握名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，标语表语从句）
一、主语从句
1.什么是主语？
主语是执行句子的行为或者动作的主体。
Eg: I like English.
2.什么是主语从句？
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
（2）连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever
（3）连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。
注意：that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分
例如：It is known to us how he became a writer.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句:
引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.（2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:
whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。
例如：Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
备注：It doesn’t matter if 是固定句型。
（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分，有意义)。例如：What you need is more practice.
*whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句的区分：
Whatever 相当于anything that , 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。
例如：Whatever she does is right.
Whoever相当于anyone who,是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁，任何…的人”。
例如: Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.
Whichever“无论哪个，无论哪些”，既可以指人，也可以指物，可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟of短语。
例如：Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.（4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。
例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.（5）有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，但是不能代替由what引导的主语从句。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1. It + be + 名词 + that从句
2.It + be + 形容词 + that从句3.It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
4.It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
二表语从句
1.什么是表语？
用在系动词后，表明主语的年龄，身份，状态，特征等的句子成分。
例如：I am a student.
It looks beautiful.
2. 什么是表语从句？
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
例如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
3.表语从句的连接词：引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, remain, seem等。注意：关联词不能省略，并且从句用陈述语序。
例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
注意： 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。但是reason 后面的定语从句可以用why 或that引导。
例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
三宾语从句
1.什么是宾语？
宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
例如：He speaks English
2什么是宾语从句？
在复合句中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句
（1）that引导的宾语从句：
He thinks（that）Lucy likes school.
注意：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
that 常可省略，但在以下情况中that不能省略
- 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
E.g：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
- 许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，
而用it作形式宾语
E.g：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
3. 在介词except(只不过；只是)后，that不可省略。
E.g：I know nothing about our new teacher except that he is an American.
（2）If/whether引导的宾语从句。If/whether在句中表示“是否”。
He asked if/whether Lucy was late again.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
①与or not 连用whether.口语中whether…or not=if…or not，但 whether还可直接和or not 连用，而if 则不能.
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.
＝Let me know whether or not he will come.
②在（talk abut、think about、depend on）介词之后用whether如：
I’m interested in whether he likes English.
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn’t decided whether to visit the old man.
④置于句首时用whether引导主语从句时，不能换用if.如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say. 这是否真的，我不能说。
⑤若用若用if会引起歧义时，则只用whether.如：
Please let me know if you like the book.有两含义：
⑥在doubt/discuss/put/leave/choose/consider等动词后,只用whether
The boys discuss whether they can finish homework.
3连接代词引导的宾语从句：
1.who/whom/whose/which/what在句中充当主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
4连接副词引导的宾语从句：when/where/why/how，在句中充当状语。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
注意：宾语从句时态的用法。
口诀：主现从随便，主过从也过，真理用一现。
当主句为一般现在时，从句时态不做限制。（需要性原则）。
当主句为一般过去时，从句时态应于主句运用相应的过去的某种事态。
宾语从句中表示的是客观真理、普遍事实、科学原理、自然现象等，不受主句限制，仍用一般现在时。
1. The question is ___________ the film is worth seeing.
2. Do you doubt ________ I believe you ?
3. This museum is not _______ it was ten years ago.
4. The reason for his success is ________ he works hard.
5.She dresses well, but the trouble is ______ the clothes she is wearing don’t go with each other very well.
6. It depends on _______ we have enough time.
7. I’d appreciate it ______ you carry out the experiment as directed.
8. You have no idea _________ anxious I have been for her safety.
9. Now we can see __________ a serious problem the population is.
10. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _______ there’s a post office near here?
英汉互译：
1.杰作；代表作 n: __________________
2.人像；数字:n: __________________
3.精神上；心理上adv： __________________
4.药物；药材:n: __________________
5.斑点；点；污渍n: __________________
6.失败的事；失败：n: __________________
7.惊人的;显著的 adj: __________________
8.观看者：n: __________________
9.导致；引起；使发生vt. __________________
10.景色：n __________________
11.视觉的；视力的adj __________________
12.反应：n: __________________
13.starry:adj: __________________
14.empire:n: __________________
15.mysterious:adj: __________________
16.burning:adj: __________________
【答案】：小试牛刀
1. whether 2. that 3. what. 4. that. 5. that 6. whether7. if 8. how. 9. what. 10. whether
自我检测：英汉互译：
1.masterpiece 2.figure 3.mentally 4.drug 5.spot 6.failure 7.striking 8. viewer 9.cause 10.scene 11.visual 12.reaction 13.布满星星的14.帝国，大企业15.神秘的；难以解释的16,.燃烧着的
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发表于 2025-9-20 04:52:01