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一、词汇知识清单
Section ATOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
I、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]
- industrial /'ɪndəstri/ adj. 工业的
- extinction /ɪk'stiŋkʃən/ n. 灭绝
- electricity /ɪlek'trəsəti/ n. 电
- flat /flæt/ n./adj. 一套公寓房，一套住房;平坦的
- shoot /ʃu:t/ n./vt. 芽，苗;嫩枝; 射中;射击
- bother /'bɒðə/ vi. & vt. 费心，麻烦
- institute /'instɪtju:t/ n. 机构;研究院
- foundation /faʊ'deɪfən/ n. 基础;地基
II、写作词汇知其形[注意汉译英]
- global /'gləʊbəl/ adj. 全球的，全世界的
- solution /sə’lu:ʃən/ n. 解决，解决办法
- transport /'trænspɔ:t/ n. 交通运输系统，运输方式
- recycle /ri:'saikəl/ vi.＆vt. 再利用，回收利用
- involve /in'volv/ vt. 参与;包含
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
- make an attempt to do 试图做某事
IV、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
- transport---transportation[名词]
- involve---involvement[名词]
Section BLESSON 2 & LESSON 3
I、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]
- contented /kən'tentɪd/ adj. 满意的;满足的
- agriculture /'ægrɪkʌltʃə/ n. 农业
- proposal /prə'pəʊzəl/ n. 建议，提议
- region /'ri:dʒɪn/ n. 地区，区域
- slim /slɪm/ adj. 微小的;苗条的;薄的
- quote /kwəʊt/ n. 引文，引用(的话)
- headstone /'hedstəʊn/ n. 墓碑
- former /'fɔ:mə/ adj. 以前的，从前的
- current /'kʌrənt/ adj. 当前的，现时的
- parking /'pa:kiŋ/ n. (车辆等的)停放
- destination /destə'neɪʃən/ n. 目的地;终点
II、写作词汇知其形[注意汉译英]
- founder /'faʊndə/ n. 创办人，创始者
- profit /'prɒfit/ n. 盈利，利润
- organiser /'ɔ:gənaizə/ n. 组织者；发起人
- overcome /əʊvə'kʌm/ vt. 克服(困难);控制(感情)
- determination /dɪtɜːmə'neiʃən/ n. 决心;毅力
- ordinary /'ɔ:dənəri/ a. 普通的;平常的
- therefore /'ðeəfɔ:/ adv. 因此;由此
- survival /sə'vaɪvəl/ n. 继续生存，幸存
III、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
- determination---determine[动词]---determined[名词]
- survival---survive[动词]---survivor[名词]
Section CWRITING WORKSHOP & VIEWING WORKSHOP & READING CLUB & ASSESSMENT
I、阅读词汇知其意[注意英译汉]
- resident /'rezidənt/ n. 居民
- official /ə'fiʃəl/ n./adj. 官员，高级职员;公务的;官方的
- diagram /'daɪəgræm/ n. 图解，示意图
- percentage /pə'sentɪdʒ/ n. 百分比，百分率
- plastic /'plæstik/ adj. 塑料制的
- majority /mə'dʒɔ:rəti/ n. 大多数
- landfill /'lændfil/ n. 废弃物填埋场
- clean-burning /kliːn 'bɜːnɪŋ/ adj. 清洁焚烧的
- waste-to-energy /weɪst tə 'enədʒɪ/ adj. 以垃圾作为能源的
- near-surface /'nɪəsɜːfɪs/ adj. 近地表的
- build-up /'bjldʌp/ n. 增强，加强
- pollutant /pə'lu:tənt/ n. 污染物
- overflow /əʊvə'fləʊ/ vi.＆vt. 满是，有许多，泛滥
II、写作词汇知其形[注意汉译英]
- attitude /'ætitju: d/ n. 看法;态度
- packaging /'pækɪdʒɪŋ/ n. 包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
- container /kən'teinə/ n. 容器
- indicate /'ɪndɪkeɪt/ vt. 表明;显示
- annually /'ænjʊəlɪ/ adv. 每年，一年一度地
- flooding /flʌd/ n. 水灾，洪水泛滥
二、重点语篇清单
语篇复述记忆
语篇一
Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”. What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. And all these would be very harmful. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, an institute called Roots & Shoots was established in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall. It is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground making a firm foundation and although shoots seem small and weak, they can break open brick walls. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that: “Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.” Roots & Shoots hopes to involve millions of young people all around the world to be a part of a community for a shared future.
很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Just-me-ism)”问题。这是什么意思呢?比方说，你刷 牙的时候让水哗哗地流，当外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。而这些都 是非常有害的。为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，一个叫“根与芽”(Roots &Shoots)的机构于 20 世纪 90 年代初被珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall)博士创立了。这个组织 取名“根与芽”，取义根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可 以向着光明冲破砖墙的阻挡。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是:“每一个个体都很重要。 每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。” “根与芽”希望可以让全世界千 百万年轻人参与其中，成为命运共同体的一员。
语篇二
First known as “the city of white bikes”, Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it’s flat and therefore convenient for bikes. There are also plenty of places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city center have a bicycle path. In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea that it would be better for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city center and only bicycles were. They were hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared—thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks! In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam with a computer tracking system to record their every move! Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another special parking place near their destination and leave them there. Nowadays, the idea of “white bikes” has pedalledits way around the world and there has been a global increase in bike-sharing. In China, both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
最初被称为“白色自行车之城”，阿姆斯特丹是个适合骑行的城市，它地势平坦方便骑 行。也有很多地方可以停放自行车，市中心的大多数街道都有自行车道。“白色自行车”的 概念来自哪里呢?20 世纪 60 年代，一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。他们认为，如果市中 心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。他们希望这样能够节约能源，减 少污染并提供免费的公共交通。然而不久就出了问题，“白色自行车”全都消失了，小偷在 几周内偷光了所有的车!1999 年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹，这次安装了电子跟踪 系统以记录它们的“一举一动”!因此，使用者到达之后，必须将自行车停放到目的地附近 的专用停车场。如今，“白色自行车”的概念已经在世界范围内广泛传播，全球的共享单车 也在增加。在中国，本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省 能源、减少空气和噪音污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。
三、单元写作清单
➢ 课文原句1. Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.2. As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.3. More than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging, such as plastic honey bottles, and butter and yoghurt containers.4. Also the majority of residents had cycled or walked.5. To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.6. This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
➢ 重点短语
短语
| 中文词义
| 课文原句
| take part in
| 参加
| More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.
| cut back on
| 削减，缩减
| More than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging, such as plastic honey bottles, and butter and yoghurt containers.
| to sum up
| 总之
| To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
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➢ 语篇中记忆单词
Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. Here are the results. As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%. More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month. More than two thirds (70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging, such as plastic honey bottles, and butter and yoghurt containers. Also the majority of residents had cycled or walked. Unfortunately, just over half tried to save energy by reducing the use of air conditioning or turning off lights. To sum up, the survey indicates that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment, but needed to pay more attention to saving water and energy.
去年8月，城市官员就人们对环保的态度和已采取的行动对约500位居民进行了采访。正如图表显示，认为有必要帮助保护环境的人数百分比高达96%超过一半参加调查的人在过去一个月中参加了图中四项环保活动。超过三分之二的人已经努力削减一次性包装的使用，比如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油包装和酸奶盒等。大部分居民选择骑车或走路的交通方式。不幸地是，只有一半的居民会选择通过减少空调使用和关灯的方式节约能源。总之，调查结果显示几乎所有参与调查的人都意识到了保护环境的需要，但也显示人们应该更多关注节水节电。
四、单元语法清单
动名词
一. 动名词的基本构成
| 主动语态
| 被动语态
| 一般式
| doing
| being done
| 完成式
| having done
| having been done
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No one likes being laughed at.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
二.动名词的功用
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）
⑵ My job is looking after children.（作表语）
⑶ I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）
①It is no use crying.
②It is no good objecting
常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.
短语: be/get used to ,can’t help/stop, can’t stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to,
havedifficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off
e.g.
①She sat there without _speaking____ (speak)
②I look forward to_seeing____ (see) him again.
③Are you used to _live____ (live) there alone?
④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help _laughing____ (laugh).
⑤I don’t feel like _going____ (go) to see the film.
⑥He was busy _preparing___ (prepare) his lessons
主动表被动:
① The room wants _cleaning____ (clean).
② The method needs _improving__ (improve).
③ This pair of shoes require __mending___ (mend).
④ The problem needs_working out_ (work out).
⑤ The question is well worth _discussing____ (discuss)
d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动
作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
What would you like to eat tonight?
动名词的复合结构
动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复
合结构或动名词短语
a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：
Nixon’s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人
称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.
分词
（一）分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。
1．作定语
Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？
2．作表语
We are excited at the news.
The news he told us is exciting.
3．作宾语补足语
I heard him singing a song in the classroom.
We found the ground covered with snow.
4．作状语
While lying in bed, he listened to some music.
Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成
1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.
2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.(When they heard the bad news)
3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)
4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)
To serve the people well,I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)
（二）分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：
Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.
现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
（三）现在分词的被动式
被动一般式 being done 被动完成式 having been done
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.
Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.
（四）分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.
Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.
（五）分词独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：
Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.
The meeting being over, they all left the room.
Given more time, we could do it better.
The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.
She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.
由There being +主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如：
There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。
with + 复合宾语结构
（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词
Don’t speak with your mouth full.
（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词
The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.
（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词
She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.
With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.
（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式
With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.
（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词
With his matter settled, we left the room.
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发表于 2025-9-20 04:30:15