Unit 6 The Admirable（知识清单）（学生版）

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Unit 6 The Admirable

Unit6	话题	敬佩的人
	词汇	admirable,admire,remarkable,cure, justice, reform,intelligent, generous, creatively, apart, effective,award,honour,recognition,gain,limited,promising,despite.wisdom,advance,integrate,independence, peaceful, protest,inspiring,further, judge, impressive, respect,independent, horror, regard, passion, opportunity, reputation,awareness，organization,strike，severe，depression.commitment,undertake,engage,design,energetic.advocate,disability,attitude,summary,originally
	短语	have...in mind,in danger, in the face of.... fight for....apart from...,come across, write down, agree with....with the help of...,share with.... due to,in need, engaged,in support of,be remembered as, be regarded as, at the age of,focus one's attention on, make progress.with the progress of
	句型	“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……” “... a time when...”意为“一个……时期”
	语法	“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
	写作	概要写作

考点1.admire 　vt.钦佩；欣赏
[教材原句](教材P50)I admire them because they are so brave.
我钦佩他们，因为他们如此勇敢。
【拓展】
(1)admire sb.for sth.        因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人
(2)admiration n.        钦佩；羡慕
with/in admiration        羡慕地
(3)admirable adj.        令人钦佩的；极其出色的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2020·天津卷7月) “I wouldn't have dared to ask you，but my teacher, Mr.Mills，says I am ready. I plan to make it in an ___________(admire) manner.”
(2)—What do you think of Steven Hawking?
—Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, one worthy of _____________(admire).
(3) We admire the old scientist _____ his great contributions to the country.
完成句子
(4)我钦佩地看着那女孩弹钢琴。
I watched the girl playing the piano _________________________________________.
【经典例句】
①Though he is a small man，I admire him for his bravery and learning.
尽管他个子矮小，但是我钦佩他胆识过人，学识渊博。
②With admiration I went to interview the girls from Beijing.　
带着敬佩的心情我去采访来自北京的女孩们。

考点2.cure 　vt.治好(疾病)；治愈　n．疗法
[教材原句](教材P50)cure diseases治愈疾病
【拓展】
(1)cure sb.of...          治愈某人的……；
        矫正某人的……
(2)a cure for...          针对……的治疗
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures ____ certain diseases.
(2)There was once a guy who suffered from cancer, one that can't ______________(cure).
完成句子
(3)治好他病的那位医生非常有经验。
The doctor who _________________________________ was very experienced.
【经典例句】
①His mother tried her best to cure him of his bad habits.
他妈妈尽全力去纠正他的坏习惯。
②There is no effective cure for colds except rest.
除了休息，没有有效的方法可以治疗感冒。

考点3.generous 　adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的
[教材原句](经典例句)He is essentially a very generous man.
他本质上是一个十分慷慨的人。
【拓展】
(1) be generous with ...        在……方面慷慨/大方
be generous to sb.        对某人慷慨/大方
It is generous of sb.to do sth.        某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方。
be generous in doing sth.        在做某事上慷慨/大方
(2)generosity n.        慷慨；大方
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I'd like to express my admiration for your __________________ (generous).
(2)Dietler is generous _____ his time and money.
一句多译
他主动为我们俩付钱，真是大方。
(3)__________________________________ to pay for us both.
(4)__________________________________ to pay for us both.
【经典例句】
①One should be generous with his time in helping others.
一个人应不惜时间慷慨地帮助他人。
②To tell you the truth，I appreciate your generosity in the matter.
说实话，我很欣赏你在这件事上表现出来的慷慨。

考点4.apart from...　除……之外
[教材原句](教材P52)Malaria kills over 1，000，000 people a year—more people than any disease apart from AIDS.
疟疾每年杀死一百多万人，比除艾滋病以外的任何疾病导致的死亡人数都多。
【拓展】
表示“除……之外”的词或短语还有：
(1)besides(＝in addition to)意为“除……之外(还，也)”，常与also、more、other等连用；
(2)except/but意为“除……外(都)……”，常与all、every、no、none、nothing等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用；
(3)except for意为“除……以外”，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。
【练练不忘】
用besides、except或except for代替下列句子中的apart from
(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting apart from Tom, for he was ill.________
(2)We need three more chairs apart from these two._________
(3)Apart from the ending，it's a really good film.__________
同义替换
(4)No one apart from her husband knew about her job.
→No one _____________ her husband knew about her job.
【教考衔接】
①(全国卷Ⅲ)Our team, apart from regular training, will join in a variety of activities，such as participating in some national competitions on behalf of our school.
我们的队伍除了定期训练外，还会参加各种各样的活动，比如代表学校参加一些全国性的比赛。
②(2018·江苏卷)Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their fares to and from the events.
除了门票外，一些爵士乐爱好者还将支付往返活动的交通费。

考点5.award 　vt.授予；给予　n．奖品；奖
[教材原句](教材P52)The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位因工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
【拓展】
(1)award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.     把某物颁发给某人
(2)win/receive/get an award for...      因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)She was one of the three scientists ____________(award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in developing effective drugs against parasitic diseases.
(2)She won an award _____ her outstanding performance.
句型转换
(3)The government awarded him a large sum of money for his good deeds.
→The government ______________________________________ for his good deeds.
【经典例句】
①A medal was awarded to the best speller in the class.
班里拼写最好的学生被授予了一枚奖章。
②He won an award for his wonderful performance in the show.
他因在这次演出中出色的表演而获奖。

考点6. honour　n.荣誉　vt.感到荣幸
[教材原句](教材P53)This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.　这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的肯定和鼓励。
【拓展】
(1)in honour of        为了表示对……的敬意；为了纪念……
have the honour to do/of doing...        有幸做……
It's an honour to do...        很荣幸做……
(2)be honoured for...        因……受到表彰
(3) honoured adj.        深感荣幸的；受尊敬的
be/feel honoured to do/of doing...        为做……而感到荣幸
(4)honourable adj.        光荣的；高尚的；尊敬的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Judges will choose up to 50 ____________(honor) mention winners, who will each receive a T­shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
(2)She will be honoured ______ her work in promoting friendship between the two countries.
(3)Monuments were raised ____ honour of the dead.
一句多译
我很荣幸能来这里与你分享关于高中要学习什么的看法。
(4)_____________________________ to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(honoured adj.)
(5)_____________________________ to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(honour n．)
【经典例句】
①I have the honour of being your guide, and I'd like to give you a brief introduction to our trip today.
我很荣幸地成为你们的导游，首先简单地介绍一下我们今天的行程。
②I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。

考点7.recognition　n.表彰；赞扬
[教材原句](教材P53)This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的肯定和鼓励。
【拓展】
(1)beyond recognition        认不出来
(2) recognize v.        认识；辨认出；意识到；承认
recognize...as/to be...        把……看作……
It is recognized that...        人们公认……
(3)recognized adj.        公认的；普遍接受的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I don't know the title but I _________________(recognition) the tune.
(2)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen ______________ (recognize) polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
(3)My hometown has changed _____________ recognition since I was last here.
一句多译
我们都认为屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家。
(4)______________________________________________ a great scientist.
(5)______________________________________________ a great scientist.
【经典例句】
①I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition.
我从萨拉还是个小女孩的时候就没见过她，她已经变得认不出来了。
②People all over the world recognize Shakespeare as a great playwright.
全世界的人都认为莎士比亚是一位伟大的剧作家。

考点8.limited　adj.有限的
[教材原句](教材P53)The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
(这项任务)困难的原因是团队资源有限。
【拓展】
(1)be limited to        受限于……
(2)limit n.        界限；限度
   vt.        限制；限定
set a limit to        限制……
limit...to...        把……限定在……范围内
There is a/no limit to...        ……是有限的/无限的
(3)limitless adj.        无限的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)Our funds were _________(limit), and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
(2)What would you do if you had $5, but were limited ____ two hours to make as much money as possible?
完成句子
(3)我们必须对旅游费用定一个限额。
We must _____________________ the expense of the trip.
(4)我们的时间有没有限制？
_____________________________ the amount of time we have?
【经典例句】
①The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford.
费用应该在你们偿还能力的限度范围内。
②Life is limited, but there is no limit to serving the people.
人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。

考点9.come across　偶遇；碰见
[教材原句](教材P53)However, after hundreds of failed experiments，they eventually came across a promising chemical.
然而，经历了数百次失败的实验后，他们最终发现了一种有望成功的化学物质。
【拓展】
come up        走近；上来；发生；出现；被提出；发芽；升起
come up with        提出；想出
come about        发生
come out        出来；出版，发行
come on        快点；加油；出场；改进
come to        到达；共计；达到
【练练不忘】
用come的相关短语填空
(1)When important questions ______________ ,the members often shout at each other.
(2)(天津卷)When walking down the street, I _______________ David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
(3)_________________ ,you can do better than that!
完成句子
(4)我决不能理解这么短的路程你却迟到一小时是怎么发生的。
I'll never understand _____________________ that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
【经典例句】
①(2018·浙江卷)Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。
② I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.
我希望你们提出一个比这个更好的计划。

考点10.advance　n.发展；进步vt.促进；前进；提前
[教材原句](教材P53)There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated.
如果这两种智慧能够完全融合，未来将有巨大的发展潜力。
【拓展】
(1)advance on/towards...        向……前进
(2)in advance        预先；事先；预付
make an advance/advances in        在……方面取得进步
(3)advanced adj.        先进的；高级的；深奥的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The two young men advanced cautiously _________________ the ridge.
(2)Learning is very important for each of us because we have to acquire new and ____________(advance) knowledge every day.
完成句子
(3)在过去的十年里，中国在科学技术方面取得了巨大的进步。
China ______________________________________________________ in the past decade.
【经典例句】
①(2020·天津卷7月)—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
——下次你去拜访鲍勃时，记得事先给他打个电话。
—Good point.I will.
——说得对。我会的。
②His ideas are advanced, and only a few people could understand him.
他的思想是先进的，只有少数人能理解他。
[温馨提示]
advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此不必与forward连用。类似：repeat不与again连用；return(回来)不与back连用；enter(进入)不与into连用。

考点11.pick out　挑选；辨别出；领会，理解
[教材原句](教材P56) Pick out the right information for each of them.
选出符合他们各自的信息。
【拓展】
pick up  捡起；整理；学会；收听；(身体)好转；用车接某人；去取某物
pick up speed  加速
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中pick out的含义
(1)I have picked out the bad potatoes from the basket.__________
(2)There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out._________
(3)Having read the poem many times, I finally picked out its main idea._________
完成句子
(4)她正要去父母家为奥斯卡取几件干净的衣服。
She was going over to her parents' house to _________________________________ for Oskar.
(5)汤姆发动引擎，慢慢驶离，但上了奥克伍德大道后就开始加速。
Tom started the engine and pulled away slowly, but ____________________ once he entered Oakwood Drive.
【经典例句】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)My kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
我的孩子们可以挑选要读的书或者他们想让我读给他们听的书。
②Sometimes you might pick up cheap bargains in this street.
有时候你可能会在这条街上买到便宜的货。

考点12.inspiring　adj.鼓舞人心的
[教材原句](教材P56) He gave a famous and inspiring speech which started with the words “I have a dream”．
他做了一次著名而鼓舞人心的演讲，开头是“我有一个梦想”。
【拓展】
(1)inspire v.        激励，激发；鼓舞；唤起；启示
inspire sb.to do...        激励某人做……
inspire sb.with .../inspire ...in sb.     用……激励某人；激起某人的……
(2)inspiration n.        激励；激发；启示；灵感
inspired adj.        受鼓舞的；卓越的；激动人心的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)His story has inspired me _________(do) things that I never imagined before.
(2)Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream.Some mentioned the _____________(inspire) Chinese Dream put forward by President Xi.
(3)______________(inspire) by the teacher，the girl seized the precious chance.
同义替换
(4)Our first sight of the dirty little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence.
→Our first sight of the dirty little hotel did not ___________________________________．
【经典例句】
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.
这次比赛的目的是激励我们学生更加重视体育锻炼。
②I haven't started writing the article yet—I'm still waiting for inspiration.
我还没有开始写那篇文章，我还在等待灵感。

考点13.regard　vt.认为，看作n．注意；关心；问候；尊敬
[教材原句](教材P58) Thus，not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films，but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
因此，他不仅是广为人知的《超人》电影中的超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。
【拓展】
(1)regard...as...        认为……是……
be regarded as        被认为，被看作
(2)give/send one's regards to        代某人向……问好
with/in regard to        关于；至于
(3)regarding prep.        关于
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The lion is regarded ____ the king in the animal world so it represents power.
(2)If you see Jim, give him my ___________(regard).
(3)________________(regard) disaster activity, long­term partnerships are ideal.
一句多译
关于这个问题，我没有什么好说的。
(4)I have nothing to say ________________________________．
(5)I have nothing to say ________________________________．
【经典例句】
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures.
山在许多文化中被认为是精神之地。
②Please give my regards to your family！Looking forward to your early reply.
请向你的全家转达我的问候！盼望你的早日回复。
[温馨提示]
regard表示“问候、致意”时，用复数形式。regard...as...中的as不可换成to be，as为介词，后可跟名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、分词等。

考点14.awareness　n.认识；意识
[教材原句](教材P59) ...he soon gained a reputation for raising awareness for good causes.
……他很快就因加强公益意识而获得了声誉。
【拓展】
(1)raise/strengthen one's awareness of   提高/增强某人的……意识
(2)aware adj.        知道的；意识到的；察觉到的
be aware of/that...        意识到……；明白……
as far as I'm aware        据我所知
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)(2018·天津卷)If your ______________(aware) is as sharp as it could be，you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
(2)The teacher tried to raise his students' awareness ____ traffic safety.
句型转换
(3)Though we are aware of his honesty, we still don't want to leave it to him.
→Though we are aware ______________________ ,we still don't want to leave it to him.
【经典例句】
①Therefore, we should raise public awareness about environmental protection and educate the younger generation.
因此，我们应该提高公众环保意识并教育年轻一代。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Through participating in this picking activity, I have become aware of the significance of work.
通过参加这次采摘活动，我意识到了工作的重要性。
[温馨提示]
aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well、fully、very much、much等修饰，但不能用very。

考点15.strike　vi.& vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击；罢工；钟敲响报时；给……以深刻印象；袭击　n．打击；罢工；袭击
[教材原句](教材P59)Unfortunately, in 1995 disaster struck Reeve.
不幸的是，1995年，灾难降临在里夫身上。
【拓展】
(1)be struck with/by        被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that...        某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
(2)be on strike        在罢工
go on strike        举行罢工
(3)striking adj.        显著的；突出的；惹人注目的
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中strike的含义
(1)The clock has already struck 10 and it's time that we left for Beijing.________
(2)He hit me, so I struck him back.________
(3)The matches were damp and he couldn't make them strike.__________
(4)The government has promised that the army will be called in to help if there is a firemen's strike.________
(5)The first thing that struck me was the fact that there were no other women present.__________
【教考衔接】
①(天津卷)This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution.
这种治愈自己与治愈世界的结合，在我看来是个完美的解决方法。
②(全国卷Ⅲ)Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.
就在9月前，米勒被一辆汽车撞了，失去了右臂。

考点16.depression　n.忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症
[教材原句](教材P59)He fell into a depression which lasted for many months.
他陷入了持续数月的抑郁状态。
【拓展】
(1)depress v.        使沮丧；使意志消沉；使心灰意冷
depressing adj.        令人沮丧的
(2)depressed adj.        感到沮丧的
be/feel depressed at/about/by        对……感到沮丧
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)It was ______________(depress) to find the house empty.
(2)I am very _________________(depress) when you phoned.
一句多译
一想到还要参加考试就让他沮丧。
(3)The thought of taking the exam again __________________．
(4)He ____________________ the thought of taking the exam again.
(5)_________________________ was the thought of taking the exam again.
【经典例句】
①(2020·天津卷7月)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.
孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。
②She felt very depressed about the future and went to America.
她感到前途无望然后去了美国。

考点17.due to　由于，因为
[教材原句](教材P59) It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife, family and friends that he eventually found the will to live again.
正是因为妻子、家人和朋友的不断支持，他才最终找到了重新生活的意愿。
【拓展】
be due to do sth.  预期/预定要做某事
be due for sth.  期望得到某物
be due to sb.  应付给某人
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The bus was due _________________(arrive) at 5 p．m.but it arrived one hour late.
(2)I can't wait to tell you the news that I'm due _____ a pay rise soon.
完成句子
(3)这位老板的成功很大程度上是因为他卓越的判断力。
This boss' success was largely ___________________________________．
【经典例句】
①Due to a terrible flu that is going on, many students don't show up to school today.
由于可怕的流感正在进行着，今天许多学生没来上学。
②The new mall is due to open at the end of the month.
新商城预计这个月底开业。

考点18.commitment　n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺
[教材原句](教材P59)With a new sense of energy and commitment, Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal.
为了达成目标，里夫凭借一种新的力量和使命感，开始了高强度的运动计划。
【拓展】
(1)make a commitment to do sth.      答应做某事
(2)commit vt.        投入；犯(法、罪等)，干(坏事等)；承诺；交……
        保留(或处理)
commit a crime        犯罪
commit...to...        向……投入……
commit oneself to (doing) sth.       专心致志于(做)某事；献身(做)某事
commit sb.to (doing) sth.           使某人承诺(做)某事
be committed to...        专心致志于……
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)They called on Western nations to commit more money ____ the poorest nations.
(2)Sorry, I've already committed myself to _____________(work) for Smith.
(3)Our company has a ___________________(commit) to quality and customer service.
完成句子
(4)我觉得我没有必要对他们做出那样的承诺。
I felt I did not have to _________________________________ to them.
【教考衔接】
①(2020·江苏卷改编)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made.
在非洲和亚洲，数千万人因为威尔逊做出的奉献而得以看见光明。
②(江苏卷)But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
但是他很快发现自己喜爱演奏这种乐器，于是很投入地去训练，几个月之后，他果然演奏得很好了。

考点19.engage　vi.参加，参与vt.吸引；使参加
[教材原句](教材P59)He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress.
他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。
【拓展】
(1)engage (oneself) in (doing) sth.＝be engaged in (doing) sth.  从事……；忙于……
(2)engaged adj.  已订婚的；从事……的；忙于……的
be engaged to sb.  和某人订婚
(3)engagement n.  婚约；约会
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)Last week at the biggest restaurant, my daughter was engaged ____ a young teacher.
(2)What happened between the couple is a mystery.No one knows why they broke up after their _________________ (engage).
同义替换
(3)She was engaged in charity and became a famous person at home and abroad.
→She _______________________ charity and became a famous person at home and abroad.
【经典例句】
①This company has been licensed to be engaged in export business.
这家公司获得了经营从事出口业务的许可证。
②It is said that she has been engaged to Peter.
据说她与彼得订了婚。

考点20.design　vt.计划，设计n．设计；构思
[教材原句](教材P59)He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress.
他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。
【拓展】
(1)by design (＝on purpose)　　        故意地
(2)be designed as/for/to do          (为某种特定目的)
        计划；设计
design sb.to do sth.          打算让某人做某事
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)This course is designed ___ an introduction to the subject.
(2)The route was designed __________(relieve) the heavy traffic.
句式升级
(3)(普通表达)This building is designed for weddings and other celebrations and it's beautiful.
(高级表达)_______________________________________________________________ .     (过去分词短语作定语)
【经典例句】
①(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.
现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
②Do you think the building was burnt down by accident or by design?
你认为这座大楼是意外烧毁的还是故意烧毁的？

考点21.summary　n.概要；摘要；总结
[教材原句](教材P62)You are going to write a summary of the text “The Superhero Behind Superman”．
你要写一篇关于《超人背后的超级英雄》的文章摘要。
【拓展】
in summary          总的来说；总之
make a summary of          对……总结
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)___ summary, this was a disappointing performance.
(2)Peter, I have something to bother you.Please write me a summary ___ this report.
完成句子
(3)只剩三分钟了。我们来总结一下这节课，好吗？
There are only three minutes left.Let's ___________________________________，OK?
【经典例句】
①I would say, in summary, that the campaign has been a great success.
总而言之，我想说的是这次活动非常成功。
②The boss asked you to make a summary of what you did in the daytime.
老板让你把白天的工作做个总结。

考点22. “not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”
[教材原句](教材P53)This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.
这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的肯定和鼓励。
【拓展】
“not only...but (also)...”意为“不但……而且……”。
(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者；
(2)可连接两个并列的句子。当not only位于句首时， not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装；
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)Not only Tom but also his classmates _____(be) coming to visit the museum.
(2)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Not only ___ likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.
句型转换
(3)The teacher，as well as the students，likes playing football.
→____________________________________________________ likes playing football.(倒装句)
【经典例句】
①(2020·江苏卷)There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.
在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且还是一名才华横溢的演讲者。
②Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.
母亲们不但得不到报酬，而且她们做的那些乏味艰苦的工作常常都不为人所注意。

考点23. 过去分词(短语)作后置定语
[教材原句](教材P59)He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress.
他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。
【拓展】
本句中的designed to rebuild muscle 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a wide range of exercises，可改为定语从句：which is designed to rebuild muscle。
(1)过去分词(短语)作定语，表示被动和完成。如果是单个过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是过去分词短语作定语，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。
(2)现在分词(短语)也可以作定语，但表示主动。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The meeting _______(hold) yesterday was very important.
(2)There are a lot of boys ___________(play) football there.
句型转换
(3)Do you know the man who is sitting there?
→Do you know the man _________ there?
【经典例句】
①The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人们现在在医院受到良好的照料。
②The woman dressed in white is my English teacher.
那个穿白色裙子的女人是我的英语老师。

考点24. “... a time when...”意为“一个……时期”
[教材原句](教材P66)This was a time when the German Nazis were killing Jews.
这是一个德国纳粹屠杀犹太人的时期。
【拓展】
a time表示“一段时间”，相当于a period of time，后接when引导的定语从句。
(1)It/This/That/There was a time when...
  曾经一度(那时)……
(2)It is/was the first/second...time that...
  是某人第一/二……次做某事。
(3)It is time that sb.did/should do sth.
  是某人该做某事的时候了。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)It was a time _________ he was disappointed and wanted to leave here.
(2)It was the second time that he _____________________(elect) their monitor.
(3)It is time that they _____________________(get) down to doing their work.
完成句子
(4)有一段时间我如此喜欢写作，以至于我梦想成为一名作家。
___________________________________ I loved writing so much that I dreamed of becoming a writer.
【经典例句】
①There was once a time when women had no right to vote.
曾经有一段时期妇女没有选举权。
②It is the first time that we have seen kangaroos.
这是我们第一次看见袋鼠。


一．语法精讲——“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
思维导图


观察句子
1．(教材P53)A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that...
2．(教材P53)Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
3．(教材P53)The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
4．(教材P53)They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.
5．(教材P55)In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team whose goal was to find a cure for malaria...
我的领悟
1．例句1和5为关系代词引导的定语从句。
2．例句3为关系副词引导的定语从句。
3．例句2和4为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
一、关系代词的确定
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which，关系代词指人时只能用whom；如果关系代词作定语，也可用whose。
◆The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
我脚下站着的梯子开始滑动。
◆We'll go to see the famous singer about whom we have talked.
我们将去看望我们谈到的那位著名的歌手。
◆This is the boy with whose pen I wrote a letter just now.
这就是那个男孩，刚才我用他的钢笔写了一封信。
[对点练习1]——单句语法填空
(1)(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online，from ________ students can choose for free.
(2) (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond in _________ they raised fish.
(3)It is known to all that the old scientist，for ________ life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his eighties.
(4)We all respect our father, with __________ help we become useful persons.
二、介词的选取
“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用根据上下文要表达的具体意思、先行词的习惯搭配或定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：
1．根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
◆This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.(＝My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(＝My son was saved by the pilot.)
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
2．根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
◆Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?
你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？ (on the day)
3．根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是在定语从句中作谓语的动词短语中的一个固定介词。
◆Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
这就是你花高价买的那辆汽车吗？ (pay for)
◆This is the computer on which I spent 3，000 yuan.
这就是我花3 000元买的电脑。(spend money on sth.)
◆The two things about/of which he was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
他不确定的两项是语法和一些成语。 (be sure about/of)
[对点练习2]——单句语法填空
(1)(2018·江苏卷改编)Self­driving is an area ___ which China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
(2)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone ____ whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.
(3)The person ____ whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.
(4)The farm ____ which I once worked has taken on a new look.
三、 “介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
1．“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few、the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。
◆The event was organized by two people, neither of whom is a professional.
这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。
◆The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.
这支足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。
2．在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
◆The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
◆The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
正在被护士照顾的婴儿们很健康。
3．在 “the＋名词＋of＋关系代词” 或 “of＋关系代词＋the＋名词” 中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。
◆I live in the room, the windows of which face south.
＝I live in the room, of which the windows face south.
＝I live in the room, whose windows face south.
4．引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。
◆It was a special day when I saw the admirable person in my heart.
＝It was a special day on which I saw the admirable person in my heart.
那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。
◆It was the room where he had lived for ten years.
＝It was the room in which he had lived for ten years.
这就是他住了十年的屋子。
5．the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择
the way (方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语， 则用in which/that, 关系词也可省略； 若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that, 且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。
◆The way(in which/that) he treats children is very good.
他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
◆The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn't work.
你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
[对点练习3]——句型转换
(1)At the meeting he explained the reason why he was late again.
→At the meeting he explained the reason _____________________________________．
(2)There are two buildings, and the larger of them stands nearly a hundred feet high.
→There are two buildings, ____________________________________________________．
(3)Luckily, we'd brought a road map.Without it we would have lost our way.
→Luckily, we'd brought a road map ____________________________________________．
(4)Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.
→Great changes have taken place in the city _____________________________________．
二．写作精讲——概要写作
文体感知
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句子表述出来，不能抄袭文章的原句，更不能把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。概要写作基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
一、概要的写作步骤
1．确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己总结。
2．寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概要的信息浓度。
3．重构主题句。概要的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概要的质量。
4．重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
二、写概要的具体方法
1．定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在时，那么基本时态用现在时；不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时，如The passage tells us that...
2．定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。(特殊如书信等，可能会使用第一、二人称)
3．定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。
(1) 同义替换法
◆Tom thought of an idea.
→An idea occurred to Tom.
(2)正话反说法
◆I think wealth is less important than health.
→I don't think wealth is more important than health.
(3)词性转换法
◆Your suggestions are very valuable.
→Your suggestions are of great value.
(4)介词短语法
◆We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us.
→With so many people helping us, we are sure to finish it in time.
(5)句式变化法
①语态变换
◆Today people in the world widely use computers.
→Computers are widely used in the world today.
②简单句变复合句
◆The weather turned out to be very good.This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
③连词衔接法
注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but、and、so、while、however、then、yet、for、therefore、thus、including、instead of 等。
◆He insisted on staying.He was not willing to go.
→He insisted on staying rather than/instead of going.
④词序改变法
◆Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
⑤ 特殊句式法
◆Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
→Jim wants to go boating, and so do his parents.
增分佳句
1．The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.
2．The author tells us a story about...
3．The passage is a story about...
4．According to the passage, the hero in the story ...
5．Yao Ming is a great basketball player in China or even in the world.
6．Martin Luther King is now regarded as one of the heroes of the 20th century.
7．The writer tells us...(主题)by showing us an example of...，who/which...(故事情节)
8．In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing..., which...
9．This passage is mainly about sb.'s experience of doing...
10．...be regarded/accepted as...
11．...set a good example to...

满分作文特训

写作要求
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Discovering a Lost Brother
①Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother named Vincent.Though Kieron spent years thinking about him, he could never track him down.
②That changed in December 2017, when Kieron's adoptive parents gave him an AncestryDNA test as a Christmas gift.Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva(唾液) sample in for analysis.When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family”．His name was Vincent Ghant.Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.“This is going to sound so wild...but I think you're my brother，” Kieron wrote on Facebook's Messenger app.“I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date.Her name is Shawn.”
③“OMG do you know your real name？”wrote Vincent, now 30.
④“I think it was Tyler.”
⑤“OMG YES！！！ You are my brother.”
⑥“Wow，” wrote Kieron.
⑦“This is crazy，” said Vincent.
⑧The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. More surprisingly, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies.
⑨Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and now still remembers caring for his baby brother.But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15­plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.
⑩“She was very emotional about that time, to the point where it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened, ” Vincent says.
⑪Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time.They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week.
⑫One of Vincent's concerns was that Kieron might resent his birth family for placing him for adoption.He was relieved Kieron didn't, and that he'd grown up in a loving family.
⑬Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more.They played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families.“We'll keep growing our relationship until it's time to leave this planet，”says Vincent.That shouldn't be hard.As Kieron says, “We've got years and years to catch up on.”
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第一步：审题谋篇
本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲基伦(Kieron)如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥文森特(Vincent)，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及他们如何迅速建立了感情。
全文可以划分为四个部分：
第一部分(①－⑦)：基伦通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。
第二部分(⑧)：基伦与哥哥住得很近并上了同一所大学。第三部分(⑨－⑩)：基伦的妈妈为什么放弃他并让别人领养他。
第四部分(⑪－⑬)：基伦和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。
第二步：要点概括
细读原文，可得出概括成概述的以下四个要点：
要点一：That changed in December 2017，when Kieron's adoptive parents gave him an AncestryDNA test as a Christmas gift.His name was Vincent Ghant.Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.“This is going to sound so wild...but I think you're my brother，”
可概括为：Kieron found his brother Vincent through an AncestryDNA test and Facebook.
要点二：As they talked，the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other.More surprisingly，they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies.
可概括为：Surprisingly, they lived quite close to each other and studied the same subjects in the same university.
要点三：Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and now still remembers caring for his baby brother.But times were tough，and Shawn，who worked 15­plus hours a day as a nurse，decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.
可概括为：Kieron was given up for adoption by his mother when he was a baby.
要点四：Since that first meeting, the brothers have bonded even more.As Kieron says，“We've got years and years to catch up on.”
可概括为：After their first meeting，the two brothers quickly bonded and would improve their relationship in the years to come.
第三步：组句成篇
请运用同义句转述或句子重构来替换以上要点句，并运用适当的过渡词语把它们连接起来组成一篇概要写作。
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admire 　vt.钦佩；欣赏	【搭配】 admire sb.for sth.因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人 【联想】admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的
cure 　vt.治好(疾病)；治愈　n．疗法	【搭配】cure sb.of...  治愈某人的……；矫正某人的…… a cure for...  针对……的治疗
generous 　adj.无私的；慷慨的；大方的	【搭配】It is generous of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方。 【联想】generosity n.慷慨；大方
award 　vt.授予；给予　n．奖品；奖	【搭配】award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.把某物颁发给某人 win/receive/get an award for...因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
honour　n.荣誉　vt.感到荣幸	【搭配】in honour of为了表示对……的敬意；为了纪念…… 【联想】 honoured adj.深感荣幸的；受尊敬的
recognition　n.表彰；赞扬	【联想】recognize v.认识；辨认出；意识到；承认 【搭配】It is recognized that...人们公认……
limited　adj.有限的	【联想】limitless adj.无限的 【搭配】be limited to受限于……
come across　偶遇；碰见	【搭配】come up with        提出；想出 come about        发生 come out        出来；出版，发行 come on        快点；加油；出场；改进
advance　n.发展；进步 vt.促进；前进；提前	【搭配】in advance预先；事先；预付 【联想】advanced adj.先进的；高级的；深奥的
pick out　挑选；辨别出；领会，理解	【搭配】pick up  捡起；整理；学会；收听；(身体)好转；用车接某人；去取某物 pick up speed  加速
inspiring　adj.鼓舞人心的	【搭配】inspire sb.to do...激励某人做…… 【联想】inspiration n.激励；激发；启示；灵感
regard　vt.认为，看作 n．注意；关心；问候；尊敬	【搭配】regard...as...认为……是…… be regarded as被认为，被看作 【联想】regarding prep.        关于
awareness　n.认识；意识	【搭配】be aware of/that...意识到……；明白…… 【联想】aware adj.知道的；意识到的；察觉到的
strike　vi.& vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击；罢工；钟敲响报时；给……以深刻印象；袭击　n．打击；罢工；袭击	【搭配】be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动) It strikes sb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起…… 【联想】striking adj.显著的；突出的；惹人注目的
depression　n.忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症	【搭配】be/feel depressed at/about/by对……感到沮丧 【联想】depress v.使沮丧；使意志消沉；使心灰意冷
commitment　n.投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺	【搭配】make a commitment to do sth.答应做某事 【联想】commit vt.投入；犯(法、罪等)，干(坏事等)；承诺

• Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.　人往高处走，水往低处流。
  

2. No sweet without sweat.　幸福来自汗水。
3. Plain living and high thinking.　生活要朴素，思想要高尚。
4. There is no royal road to learning.　求知无坦途。
5. The fire is the test of gold; adversity is the test of a strong man.
火对金子是考验，逆境对人是磨炼。

• Bad times make a good man.　艰难困苦出能人。
  

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7. Adversity is a good discipline.　逆境是锻炼人的最好场所。

• A little pot is soon hot.　壶小易沸，量小易怒