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Unit 3 Celebrations
Unit1
| 话题
| 节日庆祝
| | 词汇
| occasion,graduation,adult,congratulation,decorate.tradition,character,attach,scare,surround,retired,j0y,custom,greet,teenager,suit,effort,fortunate,memory,patience,wave,event,description,select.calm,tear
| | 短语
| put up,let off,sweep away, upside down, scare sb./sth away,as far a8,in general, make an effort, move in, over and over,catch one's eye, pass away, no longer,calm down
| | 句型
| 1.the moment引导时间状语从句
3.“It is/was...that...”强调句型
4.get done结构
5. “would rather (not) do...” 意为“宁愿(不)做……”
| | 语法
| 被动语态
| | 写作
| 事件描述
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考点1.occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
[教材原句](教材P50) Choose a festival or a special occasion that you like.
选择一个你喜欢的节日或特殊场合。
【拓展】
(1)on occasion 偶尔，有时
on the occasion of 在……之际
on this/that occasion 在这个/那个时候
(2)occasional adj. 偶尔的
occasionally adv. 偶尔；间或
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I can remember very few occasions ______ he had to ask for leave because of ill health.
(2)So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such ___ occasion.
(3)We ____________ (occasion) meet for a drink after work.
同义替换
(4)As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only occasionally.
→As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______________．
【教考衔接】
(2019·天津卷)Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading.
偶尔，我会读一本指定的小说，但我不喜欢这种类型的阅读。
考点2.congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺
[教材原句](教材P50) offering congratulations 表示祝贺
【拓展】
(1)offer congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 就某事(向某人)表示祝贺
Congratulations! 祝贺你！(口语)
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺
congratulate sb.on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him ___ his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.
(2)—I got that job I wanted at the public library.
—_____________________(congratulate)! That's good news.
一句多译
我祝贺他成功了。
(3)I ________________________________________________．(congratulate)
(4)I ________________________________________________．(congratulation)
【教考衔接】
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis responded.
“恭喜！但我觉得有人搞错了，” 丹尼斯回答。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.
这次聚会给朋友和家人向住上新家的人祝贺的一次机会。
[温馨提示]
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate的宾语是sb.而不是sth.，且该动词后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
考点3.decoration n．装饰；装修；装饰物
[教材原句](教材P52) to put up decorations 张贴装饰品
【拓展】
(1)under decoration 在装饰/装修中
(2)decorate vi.& vt. 装饰，布置，美化
decorate...with... 用……装饰……
be decorated with/by... 装饰着……
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)I wonder when they will finish the __________________(decorate)．
(2)Tom decorated his room _____ some photos of sports stars.
一句多译
他告诉我，他的新房正在装修中。
(3)He told me that his new house ____________________．(decorate)
(4)He told me that his new house ____________________．(decoration)
【经典例句】
①We decorated the Christmas tree with glass balls.
我们用玻璃球来装饰圣诞树。
②During the National Day, the streets are decorated with colored flags.
国庆节期间，大街上装饰着彩旗。
考点4.account v．认为；说明；总计有
n．账目；说明；计算；理由；描述，报道
[教材原句](教材P52) Read the three readers' accounts.
阅读一下这三位读者的描述。
【拓展】
(1)on account of 由于，因为
on no account 绝不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
take account of(＝take...into account/consideration)考虑到……，把……考虑进去
(2)account for 说明；做出解释；占……(比例)
(3)accountant n. 会计员；会计师
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)According to the World Bank, China accounts _____ about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.
(2)The flight was postponed ____ account of bad weather.
一句多译
我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。
(3)I sincerely hope that you will ___________________________________________．
(4)I sincerely hope that you will ___________________________________________．
【教考衔接】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
照明约占美国总用电量的7%。
②(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。
考点5.attach vt.贴；固定；附上；使附属；使依恋；认为有(重要性、意义、价值等)
[教材原句](教材P52)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
然后，在我们的前门上倒贴“福”字。
【拓展】
(1)attach sth.to... 把某物连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to... 依附……；缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to... 重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
(2)attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
be attached to 被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
(3)attachment n. 附件，附属物
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills _________(attach) to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
(2)Please refer to the ________________(attach) which include the application form and resume.
(3)To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to ____________(become) rich and famous.
句型转换
(4)This is a middle school which is attached to a key university.
→This is a middle school ____________________________________．(过去分词短语作定语)
【教考衔接】
(2019·江苏卷)Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. 艾玛没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深地依恋上了人类。
考点6. scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐
[教材原句](教材P52)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.
陈太太说这是为了吓跑年兽。
【拓展】
(1)scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
(2)scared adj. 恐惧的；惊恐的
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth./of doing sth. 害怕做某事
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)My mum would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon.So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too ___________(scare)．
(2)The _________(scare) look suggested that there must be something frightening around her.
(3)Some parents try to scare their children ______ behaving well.
(4)The little girl was scared ____ death when seeing the scary scene.
句型转换
(5)As she was scared to death, she didn't walk out of the room.
→_________________ ,she didn't walk out of the room.(形容词短语作状语)
【教考衔接】
(2020·浙江卷7月)Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有时像这样的大噪音会把熊吓跑。
考点7.surround vt.环绕，围绕
[教材原句](教材P53) Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...每年一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围……
【拓展】
(1)surround...with... 使……包围……
be surrounded with/by... 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
(3)surroundings n. 环境
【经典练】
单句语法填空
(1)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ________________(surround) by his family.
(2)We searched the ________________(surround) neighbourhood for the missing boy.
(3)Some insects take on the color of their ______________(surround) to protect themselves.
(4)He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself _______________(surround)．
【教考衔接】
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Surrounded by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
农场被绿树环绕，坐落在我们学校附近的山脚下。
考点8.up to 从事于；取决于；能胜任；是某人的职责；达到
[教材原句](教材P53)It's great to hear what everyone's been up to.
很高兴听到大家的情况。
【拓展】
be up to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事；适于(做)某事；正在忙于(做)某事
It is up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事
up to now 直到现在(用于现在完成时)
up to date 最新的，现代的；时髦的
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中up to的含义
(1)Children were forced to work up to 16 hours a day in the factory.______
(2)It is up to all of us to try to solve the problem._____________
(3)Don't consider us.Whether to go there is up to you._______
(4)I haven't seen you for a long time.What are you up to these days？________
(5)After a month we can see he's not really up to the new job._________
【经典例句】
①The naughty boy is quiet now and he must be up to something.
这个调皮的小男孩现在很安静，他一定在搞什么名堂。
②It is up to you to decide where we will go for an outing.
我们去哪儿郊游取决于你。
③We are keeping up to date with the latest developments.
我们保持掌握最新的发展情况。
考点9.greet vt.问候，欢迎；打招呼
[教材原句](教材P56) Greet and thank the ________ when you arrive. 到达后，问候并感谢________。
【拓展】
(1)greet sb.with... 以……和某人打招呼
greet sb./sth.as sth. 把某人/某事看作……
(2)greeting n. 问候；迎接
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)The good news _______________(greet) with great excitement among the faculty and staff.
(2)When he was sent back to his own country, he was greeted ____ a successful person.
完成句子
(3)她一见到我就打招呼。
She ___________________________________________________．
(4)让我们以更大的成就来庆贺新年。
Let's _________________________________________ greater achievements.
【经典例句】
①He greeted me in the street with a friendly wave of the hand.
他在街上友好地向我挥手致意。
②She was greeted as a heroine.
她被当作英雄来欢迎。
考点10.in general 一般来说
[教材原句](教材P56)What are the rules for attending parties in general?
一般来说参加聚会的规则是什么？
【拓展】
(1)as a general rule 一般而言；通常
generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言
(2)on the whole 总的来说
in conclusion 总之
in a word 总之
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)____ general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
(2)____ the whole, it's never too early or too late to change bad habits and start good ones.
一句多译
(四川卷)一般来说，女性可以比男性多活六七年。
(3)______________ ,women can expect to live six or seven years more than men.
(4)_____________________ ,women can expect to live six or seven years more than men.
【经典例句】
①In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
一般来说，北方人喜欢吃饺子，南方人喜欢吃米饭。
②In conclusion, if we want to succeed, we must try our best to study.
总之，如果我们想成功，就必须努力学习。
考点11.memory n．记忆，回忆
[教材原句](教材P58) The following is a memory of a woman about Christmas.
以下是一位女士对圣诞节的回忆。
【拓展】
(1)in memory of 为纪念
have a memory of... 对……的记忆
from memory 凭记忆
(2)memorize vt. 记住；熟记
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)He repeated that speech, word for word _______ memory.
(2)A common memory they all have ____ their school days is the school uniform.
同义替换
(3)The temple was built to memorize one of our ancestors.
→The temple was built _________________ one of our ancestors.
【经典例句】
①A film will be made in memory of those brave fire fighters.
一部为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士的电影即将开拍。
②I have a really good memory of him, as a man and a player.
我对他的印象真的是很好，无论是做人还是作为球员。
考点12.make an effort 尽力
[教材原句](教材P58)When I wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about the presents I wanted, Granny made an effort to help me.
当我给圣诞老人写信告诉他我想要的礼物时，奶奶尽力帮助我。
【拓展】
make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
spare no effort(s) to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)More efforts, as reported, ___________________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.
(2)Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort ______________(pave) the way for their success.
完成句子
(3)因此，电影业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。
Therefore, the film industry should _______________________________________________．
(4)他天天死记硬背生词试图提高自己的英语，但收效甚微。
He learned the new words by rote day in and day out _________________________________________ ,but it hardly worked.
【教考衔接】
(2019·北京卷)Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort.
另一种可能性是，当队伍里有很多天才型选手时，一些队员可能就没那么努力了。
考点13.patience n．耐心；耐力
[教材原句](教材P58) Granny had patience to sing it over and over again.
奶奶耐心地唱了一遍又一遍。
【拓展】
(1)with patience 耐心地
out of patience 没有耐心
have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事
have patience with... 对……有耐心
(2)patient adj. 耐心的
n. 病人，患者
be patient with 对……有耐心
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)He is a teacher who is patient _____ his students.
(2)I hope you have the patience ____________(take) care of the old man during the last few moments of his life.
同义替换
(3)He waited patiently for an answer.
→He waited ____________________ for an answer.
【经典例句】
①He's a good teacher, but he doesn't have much patience with his son.
他是个好老师，但他对儿子没有多少耐心。
②His mother was more out of patience with him than ever.
他妈妈对他比以往任何时候都不耐烦。
③Fortunately，the young man is very patient with the little children.
幸运的是，这个年轻人对小孩子们非常有耐心。
考点14.behaviour n．行为，举止
[教材原句](教材P59) I was on my best behaviour as we opened the presents.
我们拆礼物时，我表现得乖乖的。
【拓展】
behave vt. 举动；(举止或行为)表现
behave oneself 行为规矩；检点
behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)He didn't behave ___________(he) at that school.
(2)She behaves __________________ me more like a friend than a mother.
(3)I am by no means pleased with this __________________(behave)．
同义替换
(4)You'd better be on your best behaviour or else you'll be in deep trouble when Mom gets home.
→You'd better ____________________ best or else you'll be in deep trouble when Mom gets home.
【经典例句】
①She always behaves well when her aunts come to visit.
每当她阿姨来做客时，她总是表现很好。
②Did the children behave themselves?
孩子们守规矩吗？
[温馨提示]
behave作“守规矩、检点”讲时，后常接反身代词，此时不必再加well。
考点15.whisper vi.& vt.低声说，低语
[教材原句](教材P59) “I have something special for you，” Granny whispered.
“我有个特别的东西送给你，”奶奶小声说。
【拓展】
(1)whisper to sb. 与某人耳语；对某人小声说
It is whispered that... 据私下/秘密
传闻……
(2)in a whisper (＝in whispers) 低声地
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)James leaned over to whisper something ____ Michael.
(2)“Where are we going？” he asked in ___ whisper.
一句多译
人们私下说，他正在准备一个惊喜聚会。
(3)_______________________ that he was preparing a surprise party.(whisper v．)
(4)__________________________________ that he was preparing a surprise party.(whisper n．)
(5)__________________________________ that he was preparing a surprise party.(voice n．)
【教考衔接】
(2019·北京卷)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．
紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。
考点16.catch sb.'s eye 遇到某人的目光；吸引某人的注意
[教材原句](教材P59)I remember catching her eye through the window.
我记得当时透过窗户看到她的眼睛。
【拓展】
have an eye for sth. 对某物有鉴赏力
keep an eye on... 照看/留意……
look sb.in the eye 直视某人
catch sb.'s attention 吸引某人的注意力
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)In general, I never have an eye ______ fashion as well as art.
(2)Please keep an eye ___ our luggage while we are away.
完成句子
(3)你能直视我说你没有撒谎吗？
Can you ______________________________ and tell me you're not lying?
【教考衔接】
(2019·浙江卷6月)And that's precisely why one garbageeating Frenchman has caught our attention.
那就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。
考点17.description n．描述，描写
[教材原句](教材P62)Read the description.阅读描述。
【拓展】
(1)beyond description 无法形容
(2)describe vt. 描写；描述；描绘
describe...as... 把……描述成……
describe sth.to/for sb. 向某人描述某事/物
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)“The Mozart Effect” is a study __________________(describe) in 1993 which aroused public interest about the idea that listening to a classical music somehow improves the brain.
(2)He is described ____ being very clever.
完成句子
(3)这个宫殿美得难以形容。
The palace was beautiful ___________________________．
【教考衔接】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Hearing these stories, I'm skeptical about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。
[温馨提示]
describe后不接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语。
考点18.select vt.挑选，选拔
[教材原句](教材P62)For weeks I had been working on this, listening to Grandpa's stories, selecting his favourite music and collecting photos from the family album.
这几周我一直在做这件事，听爷爷的故事，挑选他最爱听的歌曲，从家庭影集里挑选照片。
【拓展】
(1)select...as... 挑选……作为……
select...from... 从……中挑选……
select sb.to do sth. 推选/选择某人做某事
(2)selection n. 挑选；选择；选拔
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)He's the only student in the class that has been selected _______________(take) part in the Model United Nations conference.
(2)Daff was selected ________ the whole class to go on the trip.
完成句子
(3)我们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。
The players _______________________________ are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.
(4)作为一名运动员，被选中参加奥运会是莫大的荣幸。
As an athlete，it is a great honour ________________________________ the Olympic Games.
【经典例句】
①John selected a card from the rack.
约翰从架子上选择了一张贺卡。
②He selected the village as a base of operation.
他选择了该村为改革基地。
考点19.date back to(＝date from) 追溯到……；始于；起源于
[教材原句](教材P64) When do paper cuts date back to in history?
剪纸是什么时候出现的？
【拓展】
set a date for... 确定……的日期
up to date 最新式的，现代的
out of date 过时的；过期的
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)__________(date) back to 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the south western part of the Changchun city.
(2)The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections date _______ the Middle Ages.
完成句子
(3)你告诉我的新闻是过时的，但你却认为是最新的。
The news you told me was ______________ but you thought it was ____________________．
【经典例句】
①I became a member of the company dating back to 1925.
我成了这家始于1925年的公司的一员。
②But in 2014, together with some climbers, I set a date for a cleanup.
但在2014年，我和一些登山者确定了清理日期。
[温馨提示]
date back to/date from意为“追溯到、始于”，不能用于被动语态和过去时，多用于现在时。
考点20.stand for 代表；象征；表示；支持；主张；容忍
[教材原句](教材P65) The round shape is also a symbol of gathering together, standing for happiness in the new year.
圆圆的形状也是团圆的象征，代表新年的幸福。
【拓展】
stand by 袖手旁观
stand out 突出；显眼；杰出
stand (sb./sth.) doing sth. 容忍(某人/某物)做某事
stand on one's own feet 自立；不依靠他人
【练练不忘】
写出下列句中stand for的含义
(1)The letters PLA stand for the Chinese People's Liberation Army.______
(2)It's outrageous, and we won't stand for it any more._______
(3)As we know, pigeons stand for peace._______
(4)I hated the organization and all it stood for._______
【教考衔接】
(全国卷Ⅰ) With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
有了代码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的词汇。
考点21.the moment引导时间状语从句
[教材原句](教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
每年一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围——我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
【拓展】
the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
可用作连词，引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)every time, each time, the first/last time, by the time；
(2)the instant, the minute, the second；
(3)immediately, directly, instantly
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)She was surrounded by her fans _____ moment she appeared at the gate.
(2)I came ____________________(immediate) I heard the news.
完成句子
(3)我记得你上次来我们学校时给我看了一些关于那个主题的照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme _______________________________．
(4)汤姆12岁时已经自学了高等数学。
_____________________________ ,Tom had learned advanced mathematics by himself.
【教考衔接】
(北京卷)Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet him at the door.
每当一天结束他回到家，我们都会在门口迎接他。
考点22. “It is/was...that...”强调句型
[教材原句](教材P59) When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind.
当我思考是什么让圣诞节变得如此神奇时，突然想起的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人。
【拓展】
(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
【练练不忘】
单句语法填空
(1)It was I ________ read three books in the library yesterday.
(2)Was ___ on the Internet that she learned the new word?
用强调句型强调画线部分
(3)I didn't leave ______________________．
→_____________________________________________ .
(4)I wonder _______ you were doing at this time yesterday.
→____________________________________________________________________ .
(5)He came to see us ____________．
→_______________________________________________________ .
【教考衔接】
(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来的时候我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座位上。
一．语法精讲——被动语态
思维导图
观察句子
1．(教材P52)Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
2．(教材P52)First，the house was cleaned from top to bottom.
3．(教材P52)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
4．(教材P52)It is believed that when Fu is put upside down，happiness arrives.
5．(教材P52)Fireworks were being let off across the city，suddenly lighting up the night sky.
6．(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...
7．(教材P53)Throughout history，some of the original customs have changed，but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept.
8．(教材P53)Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
我的领悟
一般现在时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are＋done，如句1、句4、句6；一般过去时的被动语态的构成是：was/were＋done，如句__2、句3；现在进行时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are being＋done，如句__8；过去进行时的被动语态的构成是：was/were being＋done，如句5；现在完成时的被动语态的构成是：have/has been＋done，如句__7。
一、被动语态的构成
英语有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成是： 助动词be＋过去分词。在被动语态中，by后常跟动作的执行者，且通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
1．被动语态的时态、形式表(本单元出现的)
形式
| 构成
| 例句
| 现在时
| 一般式
| am/is/
are done
| Rice is grown in the south of the US.
美国南部种植水稻。
| | 进行式
| am/is/are
being done
| English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.
广播里正在播放英语课。
| | 完成式
| has/have
been done
| The case has recently been tried.
这桩案子最近已经审过了。
| 过去时
| 一般式
| was/were
done
| They were given a warm sendoff.
他们受到了热烈的欢送。
| | 进行式
| was/were
being done
| We had to take a detour.The road was being repaired.
我们得绕行。这条路在维修。
|
2.被动语态的特殊情况
(1)情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态的构成： 情态动词＋ be ＋及物动词的过去分词。
◆All the letters should be answered immediately.
所有信件均应立刻回复。
◆This can be done by hand.
这可以手工制作。
(2)不定式的被动语态
①一般式(to be done)：不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其(几乎)同时发生。
②完成式(to have been done)：不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
◆The book is said to be published soon.
据说这本书很快就会出版。
◆The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。
[对点练习1]——单句语法填空
(1)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________________________(construct)．
(2)(2020·浙江卷7月)And, as more children were born, more food ___________________(need)．
(3)(2018·天津卷)My washing machine __________________________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
(4)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations __________________________(employ) only since the mid1980s.
(5)She was said ______________________________________(charge) with drunk driving.
二、被动语态的使用场合
使用场合
| 例句
| 注意事项
| 不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者
| Do you know when the new railway will be put to use？你知道新的铁路什么时候投入使用吗？
| 不带by引导的短语
| 强调动作的承受者；或既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者
| The novel was written by the high school student.
这部小说是由这个中学生写的。
| 带by引导的短语
| 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者
| You are warmly invited to a party to be held at the Workers' Club at 7 pm on May 1. 热情邀请您参加5月1日晚上7点在工人俱乐部举行的派对。
| 不必说明动作的执行者
| 修辞需要，为了避免更换主语，使句子简练
| She stepped onto the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 她走上舞台，观众给予了她热烈的掌声。
| 只有一个主语
| 在文章标题、公告、科技报告、新闻中
| Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
核能已被用于发电。
| 用于书面语
|
[对点练习2]——单句语法填空
(1)(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The parts of a museum open to the public ________________(call) galleries or rooms.
(2)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our weeklong stay, we _____________________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
(3)(全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt _________________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1．连系动词(如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
◆Your advice sounds practical.
你的建议听起来是可行的。
◆Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.
我们还不知道能否放假。
2．当open、close、shut、lock、move、read、wash、clean、cook、sell、cut、wear、carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
◆The door doesn't shut.
这门关不上。
◆The book sells well.
这书卖得不错。
3．在want、need、require、deserve 等少数动词后的v.ing形式，用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
◆The house needs cleaning.＝The house needs to be cleaned.
这所房子需要打扫。
◆This wall requires repairing.＝This wall requires to be repaired.
这面墙需要修理。
[对点练习3]——完成句子
(1)这种料子摸起来很软。
The material _________________________-．
(2)正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人应该得到尊敬。
It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that ____________________________________．
(3)这种鞋穿着很舒服。
This kind of shoes _____________________．
四、使用被动语态时应注意的问题
1．不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有appear、belong、disappear、happen、remain、break out、come true、fall asleep、keep silent、lose heart、take place、run out等。
◆We cannot say for sure what will happen.
我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。
2．在主动语态里，动词see、make、hear、watch、notice等后面作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
◆They made him go there alone.(主动语态)
◆He was made to go there alone.(被动语态)
他们让他独自去那里。
3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物) 和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变； 如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。
◆We gave him the letter.＝He was given the letter by us.＝The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
◆She bought her mother a new coat.＝Her mother was bought a new coat by her.＝A new coat was bought for her mother by her.
她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。
4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类动词短语(如look after、put on、pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。
◆She often looks after the old. (主动语态)
◆The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态)
她经常照看老人。
[对点练习4]——把下列句子改为被动语态
(1)I saw her pass by the window.
→_________________________________________________________________
(2)We should make full use of our natural resources.
→_________________________________________________________________
→__________________________________________________________________
(3)The neighbors can take care of your son while you are out.
→__________________________________________________________________
二．写作精讲——事件描述
文体感知
事件描述类作文是常见的作文类型，主要考查学生的语言功底和叙事能力。
事件描述类作文属于记叙文或者夹叙夹议文，描述的内容可包括节日庆典、环保活动、校园故事等。写事件描述类作文时要注意围绕该事件组织材料。所写作文中应包括人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事件(what)等。
基本框架
1．首段：点明写作的目的，并简要介绍所描述事件的内容，通常用过渡句引出下文。
2．主体段：从描述活动的准备工作开始，也可以结合题目介绍活动背景，然后按时间顺序着重描写事件的精彩部分。
3．尾段：对活动进行总结，并适当抒发情感。
增分佳句
1．That day was awesome/wonderful.
2．It was...which we had been preparing for quite some time.
3．Early in the morning...After that...Then...
4．As soon as..., we started...
5．Finally/At last/Eventually...I felt...
6．I am looking forward to...
7．Everybody got excited when...
8．It is really an unforgettable experience.
9．What impressed me most is that..../I was deeply impressed by...
10．We enjoyed ourselves a lot during the activity./We had a lot of fun during the party.
满分作文特训
写作要求
假如你是李华，上周日是你妈妈的生日，你和爸爸还有弟弟一起为妈妈庆祝了生日。请根据下面的提示，用英语把这件事描述一下。
1．上周日是妈妈的四十五岁生日；
2．家人都为她准备了生日礼物；
3．爸爸下厨做了好吃的饭菜；
4．大家一起祝妈妈生日快乐，感谢她为家里所做的一切。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
第一步：审题构思很关键
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．_______________________ 度过快乐的一天
2．_______________________ 秘密地进行交谈
3．_______________________ 零花钱
4．_______________________ 对……惊讶
5．_______________________ 下班回家
6．_______________________ 因某事而感谢某人
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．我的爸爸、弟弟和我秘密地进行了交谈。
My father, brother and I _____________________________．
2．我们讨论了怎样庆祝妈妈的生日。
We discussed __________________________________________．
3．我们到家时，看到一张桌子已经摆好了。
When we got home, ___________________________．
4．桌子上有很多好吃的食物。
______________________________________________________________
5．我们都对她说：“生日快乐！”
______________________________________________________________
6．我们感谢妈妈为家里所做的一切。
We all thanked her for _____________________________________________．
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．把第三步中的句1和句2用现在分词作伴随状语合并成一句
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．把第三步中的句3和句4用with复合结构合并成一句
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．把第三步中的句5和句6用现在分词短语作伴随状语合并成一句
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
| 【联想】occasionally adv. 偶尔；间或
【搭配】on occasion 偶尔，有时
| congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺
| 【联想】congratulate v. 祝贺
【搭配】congratulate sb.on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺
| decoration n．装饰；装修；装饰物
| 【联想】decorate vi.& vt. 装饰，布置，美化
【搭配】decorate...with... 用……装饰……
| account v．认为；说明；总计有n．账目；说明；计算；理由；描述，报道
| 【联想】accountant n. 会计员；会计师
【搭配】take account of(＝take...into account/consideration)
考虑到……，把……考虑进去
| attach vt.贴；固定；附上；使附属；使依恋；认为有(重要性、意义、价值等)
| 【联想】attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
【搭配】be attached to 被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
| | 【搭配】
| scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐
| 【联想】scared adj. 恐惧的；惊恐的
【搭配】be scared to death 吓得要死
| surround vt.环绕，围绕
| 【联想】surroundings n. 环境
【搭配】be surrounded with/by... 被……包围
| greet vt.问候，欢迎；打招呼
| 【搭配】greet sb.with... 以……和某人打招呼
【联想】greeting n. 问候；迎接
| memory n．记忆，回忆
| 【搭配】in memory of 为纪念
【联想】memorize vt. 记住；熟记
| in general 一般来说
| 【搭配】generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言
| make an effort 尽力
| 【搭配】make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort(s) to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
| patience n．耐心；耐力
| 【联想】patient adj. 耐心的n. 病人，患者
【搭配】be patient with 对……有耐心
| behaviour n．行为，举止
| 【搭配】behave oneself 行为规矩；检点
【联想】behave vt. 举动；(举止或行为)表现
| whisper vi.& vt.低声说，低语
| 【搭配】whisper to sb. 与某人耳语；对某人小声说
| catch sb.'s eye 遇到某人的目光；吸引某人的注意
| 【搭配】keep an eye on... 照看/留意……
lcatch sb.'s attention 吸引某人的注意力
| description n．描述，描写
| 【搭配】beyond description 无法形容
|
1.Celebrating festivals is a good way to hand down the tradition.
庆祝节日是传承传统的好方法。
2.As the new year begins, let us also start anew. 一元复始，万象更新。
3.Well begun is half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。
4.Shallow men believe in luck.Selftrust is the first secret of success.
肤浅的人相信运气，而成功的首要秘诀是自信。
5.A snow year, a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。
6.A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
7.Courtesy on one side only lasts not long. 来而不往非礼也。
8．No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
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